Is chronic pyelonephritis treated in adults. Treatment of pyelonephritis at home - medication and folk remedies

Pyelonephritis of the kidneys (from Lat. Pyelonephritis) is a fairly common infectious and inflammatory disease that affects the renal pelvis and its own tissue.

This pathology very often develops against the background of concomitant kidney diseases, for example, such as urolithiasis or glomerulonephritis. Today it is customary to distinguish chronic, acute and purulent form of pyelonephritis.

In terms of frequency of occurrence this disease, it should be noted that among the adult population it is approximately 10 out of 1000 people, and among children - 10 out of 2000. Most of the cases belong to the middle age group - from 26 to 44 years. An interesting fact is that more than 70% of all patients are young women who fell ill shortly after the first sexual intercourse. Among childhood diseases, inflammation of the kidneys securely holds the 2nd position immediately after various respiratory diseases(bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.).

Causes of pyelonephritis

To date, no one has been able to identify a specific causative agent of pyelonephritis. Therefore, it is believed that the cause of the development of the disease can be both endogenous (own) microorganisms of a person, and exogenous (infiltrated from outside). In the vast majority of cases, these are all kinds of cocci or E. coli. Approximately 20% are mixed infections.

There are the following ways of penetration of infectious agents into the kidney:

• Urogenic (through infected urine);
• Lymphogenous (through the lymph that comes from nearby affected organs);
• Hematogenous (together with blood).

Factors contributing to the development of pyelonephritis:

• General. These include:
  • chronic stress;
  • Weakness;
  • Lack of vitamins;
  • Chronic fatigue;
  • Decreased activity of immunity, etc.;
• Local. As a rule, they include pathological conditions in which there is some kind of obstacle to the normal passage of urine.

Depending on the nature of the course, the following forms of pyelonephritis are distinguished:

• chronic;
• Acute;
• Purulent.

Chronic form of pyelonephritis

It is characterized by a sluggish course and periodic relapses in the form of acute pyelonephritis. As a result, there is a gradual replacement of normal renal tissues with connective (or non-functional) ones. Often complicated by the addition of renal failure and (or) arterial hypertension.

Acute pyelonephritis

It appears suddenly and develops rapidly. Depending on the pathogen, this form can take up to 20 days. However, with timely treatment, the prognosis is almost always positive.

Purulent pyelonephritis

In most cases, it develops against the background of chronic pyelonephritis and multiple problems with the genitourinary system. This pathology affects mainly people over 30 years of age who neglect treatment at the onset of the disease. As a rule, purulent pyelonephritis affects adjacent to the kidney adipose tissue(a kind of protective capsule).

Symptoms of pyelonephritis

Symptoms and treatment of pyelonephritis are closely related, so it is extremely important to know fundamental differences in clinical manifestations various forms diseases.

acute form

• Changes in the urine: a cloudy or slightly reddish hue is possible, a pungent and fetid odor is felt even at a distance;
• Dull and sometimes sharp pain in the joints and (or) lower back. Often they radiate to the groin. Patients note an increase in pain when bending forward;
• Constant nausea with bouts of vomiting;
• Sudden rise in temperature against the background of complete well-being, chills;
• Gradually increasing headache;
• Loss of appetite, general weakness.

Chronic form

Very often it is asymptomatic, which greatly complicates its early diagnosis. Periodically, relapses are observed, which in their manifestations are very similar to acute pyelonephritis.

damaged kidney

There are the following types of chronic pyelonephritis:

1. Latent (or asymptomatic). Rare rises in temperature are observed, which, nevertheless, can last for quite a long time. They arise mainly after the transferred acute form of the disease;
2. Recurrent. There are general symptoms in the form of weakness, subfebrile temperature, dizziness, etc., as well as specific changes in the urine. This course often leads to the development of renal failure, hypertension and even anemia.

Features of this pathology in children

An extremely unpleasant and rather difficult childhood kidney disease is pyelonephritis. His distinctive feature in this age category is that it becomes the cause of the child's development of severe consequences. One of the most formidable complications is renal failure, which in 60% of cases leads to disability of the child.

Unfortunately, in recent years, the incidence among children of early and middle age has increased significantly. Moreover, newborn boys are more often ill. However, already at the age of 5-6 years, pyelonephritis mainly affects girls, which is probably due to the peculiarities of their genitourinary system.

Attention! In no case should we forget that pyelonephritis in children is often asymptomatic. You can notice the approach of the disease only by the following signs:

• Unexplained increased urination;
• Pallor skin;
• Frequent mood swings;
• Unreasonable fatigue of the child.

Despite all the warnings of doctors, parents often neglect the above symptoms, which often leads to very unpleasant consequences. Currently, children's pyelonephritis is most often detected during a routine examination.

Pyelonephritis during pregnancy

Gynecologists note an increase in cases of pyelonephritis in pregnant women by about 22-25 weeks. It is during this period that the activity of immunity weakens, and the woman becomes an easy target for all kinds of infections.

The course of pyelonephritis during pregnancy has practically no features. Only sometimes painful urination joins the usual symptoms. If treatment is started on time, then there is no threat to the health of the baby or mother. The prognosis is good in 95% of cases.

Diagnostics

The main thing you need to know in order to cure pyelonephritis is the cause of its occurrence and the nature of the course. That's what everyone needs diagnostic measures which are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician.

Acute pyelonephritis

In this situation, a very important point is the patient's complaints (back pain, high fever, chills and urination disorders).

In addition, a general urine test is performed, which usually reveals a huge amount of pathogenic bacteria and leukocytes, and sometimes erythrocytes.

A urine test according to Nechiporenko is mandatory, in which, as a rule, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes is determined.

Often these data are enough for the doctor to make a diagnosis, but sometimes there is a need for additional methods diagnostics, such as ultrasound, X-ray examination and chromocystoscopy.

Chronic pyelonephritis

Diagnosis of this form is quite difficult, since a person very often simply does not notice the symptoms and, accordingly, does not make any complaints. In such a situation, everything depends on the doctor, or rather on his qualifications and experience. After all, only correctly selected questions can clarify the picture of the disease.

However, sometimes reveal chronic pyelonephritis can only be achieved with laboratory tests or when the first symptoms of renal failure appear.

Doctors recommend! In order to avoid severe consequences, which often leads to chronic pyelonephritis, you need to monitor your health. To do this, you must systematically visit your doctor and, following his instructions, undergo certain diagnostic and preventive procedures.

In general, the following diagnostic methods are used to detect chronic pyelonephritis:

1. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko and Zemnitsky's test;
2. X-ray examination using a contrast agent;
3. CT scan;
4. Renography and scintigraphy;
5. Immunological study;
6. Kidney biopsy.

Treatment of pyelonephritis

Treatment of this pathology consists of several separate stages:

1. Strict diet;
2. Usage drug therapy;
3. Surgery.

Diet

This is a rather important point in the treatment of pyelonephritis, on which the success of the treatment as a whole largely depends.

First, you need to increase the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables you eat. Secondly, you should drink more than 3 liters of water daily. And thirdly, it is worth excluding spicy, fried and excessively fatty foods from the diet.

If we are talking exclusively about the chronic form, then here the recommendations are somewhat different:

• The amount of liquid - more than 2 liters per day;
• Daily intake of multivitamin complexes;
• Limited consumption of meat and fish broths. Seasonings are not recommended. You can only eat well-cooked meat;
• The daily maximum salt is 7-8 grams.

Medical therapy

The basis for pyelonephritis is antibacterial drugs. They are accepted in courses lasting at least 7 days. With a complicated course - at least a month. Drug therapy for chronic and acute forms is practically the same.

Remember! Method of application and dosage necessary drugs should only be prescribed by a doctor. In this situation, self-medication is unacceptable. It can cause a significant deterioration in the patient's condition, up to death.

Surgical treatment of pyelonephritis

In situations where conservative methods of treatment with the use of antibiotics and other drugs do not bring the desired result and the patient's condition continues to deteriorate, surgical intervention is indicated.

Operations are predominantly purulent form(carbuncles, kidney apostemes). Moreover, the degree of surgical intervention is determined directly during the operation. It depends not only on the extent of the lesion, but also on the pathogenesis of the disease.

The main goal of the surgical operation is to prevent the development of a purulent-inflammatory process in the damaged kidney and to prevent the occurrence of a similar situation in a healthy kidney. If the patient had a violation of the normal outflow of urine, then during the operation it is also eliminated.

Prevention

Prevention of pyelonephritis is quite simple, but requires a certain amount of care, especially if it is carried out among children. For this you need:

• Drink enough liquid per day (1.5-3l). This will ensure a normal outflow of urine;
• Do not delay urination for a long time;
• Timely and completely treat all infectious diseases;
• Avoid prolonged hypothermia;
• Observe the basic rules of personal hygiene;
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle that includes:
  • General strengthening therapy courses;
  • moderate physical activity;
  • Balanced diet;
  • Periodic intake of multivitamins;
• Regularly see a urologist. This is especially true for men who have a predisposition to prostatitis;
• Periodically take urine for analysis.

Many people immediately begin to search the Internet for information about what pyelonephritis is after they feel discomfort when urinating or pain in the lower back.

Pyelonephritis - what is it? This is a disease of the kidneys, which is characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the kidney tissues. As a rule, infection of the human body with bacterial agents contributes to the development of the disease. Pyelonephritis of the kidneys, according to the specifics of the progression and localization of the pathological focus, refers to a disease of the genitourinary system of the human body.

Among the main links in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis, it is customary to single out kidney tissue damage due to exposure to endotoxins, as well as defensive reaction organism in the form of an inflammatory process and a response to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism.

Risk factors for pyelonephritis include:

• blockage of the urinary tract with a calculus or spasmodic narrowing of the lumen of the ureter due to contraction of muscle fibers in its walls;
• congenital pathologies of development and topographic location of the kidney;
• immunodeficiency states;
• changes in the structure of the tissues of the urinary tract in the process of aging of the body;
• complication after surgery on the pelvic organs;
• inflammatory processes uterine cavity.

The most common etiological factor is a bacterial infection. In the development of pyelonephritis, the cause can also be infection with viruses.

Ascending pyelonephritis develops due to the penetration of a bacterial agent into the urinary tract through the urethra. This route of infection is most common, especially in the female population.

In the ascending route of infection, the causative agent is most often Escherichia coli, since infection occurs when bacteria penetrate the anal sphincter into the opening of the urethra. Thus, due to the peculiarities of the topographic location of organs in women, the anus is located much closer to the urethra than in men, and the risk of infection increases significantly.

It is important to know that the acidic environment of the vagina creates favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of E. coli.

Except intestinal bacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, fungi and even protozoa are capable of provoking symptoms of the disease. These types of infections can enter the urinary tract through medical procedures. For example, catheterization Bladder or endoscopy.

Very rare cases of displacement infectious focus from any other anatomical structure to renal tissue. This way of infection migration occurs through the blood or lymph.

In childhood, the cause of the development of pyelonephritis can be a reflux outflow of urine from the ureters back into the renal pelvis. Since the outflow of urine from the kidney stops abruptly or decreases, the concentration pathogenic bacteria increases due to their effective reproduction.

After the production of endotoxin, an inflammatory process and swelling of the renal tissue develops. In children, inflammation of the kidneys - pyelonephritis and other bacterial diseases cause severe complications with scarring of damaged tissues and the development of chronic renal failure.

Acute and chronic pyelonephritis can occur regardless of age groups with various diseases kidneys. Chronic pyelonephritis is distinguished by a protracted inflammatory period and a recurrent course of the disease.

Disease classification

By the number of affected organs:

• right-sided or left-sided pyelonephritis;
• bilateral defeat.

Depending on the condition of penetration of infection into the genitourinary area:

• primary;
• secondary.

Depending on the nature of the course of the disease:

• spicy;
• chronic.

Depending on the form of pyelonephritis:

• serous;
• purulent.

Features of symptomatic signs of pyelonephritis

The clinic of pyelonephritis depends on the nature of the course of the disease. Among the syndromes of pyelonephritis, febrile, painful and intoxication are distinguished.

Acute pyelonephritis is symptomatically manifested as a sharp pain in the lumbar region. The most common complaints of patients are nausea and vomiting, a sharp increase in body temperature to high rates - about 39 degrees. In neglected conditions and with improper treatment, general intoxication of the body develops, up to a coma.

Acute pyelonephritis is usually divided into obstructive and non-obstructive. The difference is that with the non-obstructive type, the symptoms of pyelonephritis develop much faster.

Sharp pains in acute pyelonephritis of a pulling nature

At an early stage of the disease, the inflammatory process has a serous course, since with prolonged stagnation of urine or an inflammatory process, swelling of the kidney tissue of a reversible nature occurs. As the disease progresses, the structural components of the kidney are amenable to autolysis, thus, a purulent process gradually develops - an abscess. In these cases, the renal tissue cannot be restored.

In chronic pyelonephritis, the clinic is distinguished by its slow course of the disease, as a rule, symptomatic signs can occur suddenly and also disappear quickly. Often, chronic pyelonephritis is accompanied by arterial hypertension and failure of the functioning of the kidney itself.

Patients complain of soreness in the lumbar region of a aching nature, the pain intensifies when performing physical activity. Patients pay attention to the fact that body temperature rises mainly at night, the number of urges to urinate increases, and indicators increase. blood pressure.

Patients complain of poor sleep, headaches in the form of migraine attacks. Patients with a chronic form of the disease are prone to sudden changes emotional state. An objective examination in such patients can reveal edema in the lower extremities, rarely, upper limbs and areas of the face. Tissue edema appears in morning time After sleep.

Symptoms that characterize the violation of urination:

• burning sensation during urination. This is due to the inflammatory process along the ureter;
• urine changes its color to darker and cloudy;
• the smell of urine becomes unpleasant and sharp;
• if blood stagnation has formed along the vessels supplying the urinary tract, red blood cells may appear in the urine.

Pyelonephritis in the elderly is extremely difficult, as the immune system is not able to fight the infection. The lethality of such patients is associated with the development of renal coma or septic shock.

Acute pyelonephritis, the symptoms of which develop suddenly and intensely, can be fatal in young people.

In contrast to childhood, signs of pyelonephritis in adults are more pronounced. In children under 12 years of age, the kidneys have not yet been fully fixed in the retroperitoneal space and are topographically located lower, so pain during inflammation of the kidneys is localized in the abdomen, and not in the lower back.

Diagnosis of the disease

The problems of treating pyelonephritis are dealt with by a doctor of urological specialization. In order to make a final diagnosis, it is necessary to carefully collect an anamnesis of the disease and life, to clarify with the patient whether he has previously suffered infectious diseases, whether recent surgical operations have been performed or medical manipulations on the pelvic organs.

After questioning the patient, an objective examination is carried out, the condition of the skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscle and bone apparatus. With pyelonephritis, it is objectively possible to detect pallor of the skin and swelling in the lower extremities and face. On palpation, a positive symptom of Pasternatsky is noted.

Laboratory diagnostic methods are used to determine the inflammatory process in the human body and evidence bacterial etiology diseases.

Laboratory methods include:

1. General clinical analysis of urine: when sowing the urinary sediment on a glass slide, an increase in the number of leukocytes and bacteria in the field of view is detected. Urine should normally be acidic, with an infectious pathology it becomes alkaline;
2. General clinical blood test: in peripheral blood all signs of the inflammatory process appear, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases and the number of leukocytes in the field of view increases significantly.

As additional laboratory research methods, urine culture for sterility and the determination of the daily amount of urine are used.

Instrumental diagnostics is used to visualize the state of the renal tissue, assess the general condition of the organs abdominal cavity. For this purpose, it is used:

1. Ultrasound procedure kidneys: on the screen of the ultrasound machine, there is a pronounced expansion of the cavity of the pelvis of the kidney, an increase in the echogenicity of the parenchyma of the organ, the contours of the kidney become rough and uneven. Ultrasound examination helps to determine the degree of damage and the size of the kidneys.
2. Survey urography: using this method of instrumental diagnostics on x-ray calculi are visualized in the pelvis of the kidney or in the ureter, which disrupts the outflow of urine. In the picture, you can determine the exact location of the kidney and consider the contours of the organ. After pyelonephritis, cicatricial changes in the tissues of the kidney can be detected.
3. CT scan: this species diagnostics are used only for special medical indications and in case of suspicion of oncological pathology.
4. Quite rarely, radionuclide diagnostics is used in medical practice, since there is high risk tissue irradiation and the development of serious complications.

Therapeutic measures

Kidney pyelonephritis should be treated comprehensively, including medication and physiotherapy methods. A fully-fledged treatment for kidney disease contributes to the speedy recovery of the patient from an infectious pathology. Target drug treatment is aimed not only at the destruction of infectious agents and the relief of symptomatic signs, but also at the restoration of vital important functions body while the disease progressed pyelonephritis.

How pyelonephritis is treated has been known since the days of the Soviet Union, when penicillin was first discovered and the bacterial theory of the development of the disease was proven.

As medical method treatment of pyelonephritis are used:

1. Antibacterial drugs: in order to treat kidney pyelonephritis with antibiotics, it is first necessary to check the patient's individual sensitivity to a certain subgroup of drugs. The drugs in this group are intended for complete reorganization the focus of the infectious process, the utilization of bacterial flora from the kidney tissue. This group of drugs may have some anti-inflammatory effect. Antibiotics should be used with caution in women in early pregnancy and in children under 12 years of age. This is due to the fact that some antibacterial drugs have a pronounced teratogenic effect and inhibit normal development fetus.
2. Diuretics are used to improve urine flow and eliminate swelling. The mechanism of action of diuretics is associated with an increase in the rate of excretion of accumulated metabolic products and trace elements from the body. Diuretic drugs are prescribed only for a non-obstructive type of disease, since under the action of diuretics there is an increase in urine production, the outflow of which is already difficult in the obstructive form.
3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to eliminate the inflammatory process and relieve pain in the kidney projection area. Drugs that stimulate the immune system can also be used to treat pyelonephritis. With the help of immunostimulants, the body's ability to respond to an infectious lesion increases, and the risk of complications in the form of sepsis is prevented.
4. For general strengthening The body uses preparations containing a complex of vitamins.

The difference in how to treat kidney pyelonephritis in children from how pyelonephritis is treated in adults is the choice antibacterial drugs. The most dangerous are tetracyclines, as they contribute to the abnormal development of the bones of the child's skeleton.

In modern times, methods of treatment for pyelonephritis of the kidneys with the help of herbal medicine have been developed. Many experts in the field of medicine argue that herbal medicine is a key and natural method for eliminating unpleasant symptoms and an etiological factor. Use as medicinal substances infusions or decoctions from natural medicinal plants will not only greatly improve general state but also prevent significant financial losses.

Plants such as mountain ash, plantain, strawberries and lingonberries have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and diuretic effect. These plants are usually combined and used as a herbal tea.

Reading everything about pyelonephritis is not enough to independently treat the disease. It is important to remember that any drug in the wrong dosage can have an adverse effect on the body.

It should be noted that in childhood and adult pyelonephritis, the symptoms and treatment differ due to anatomical features. Before a choice is made: how pyelonephritis is treated, the individual sensitivity of the body to certain drugs is determined. Depending on how much pyelonephritis is treated in time, the outcome of the disease will also depend.

Surgery for pyelonephritis

In order to carry out surgical intervention, special medical indications. The operation is performed if the medical correction is no longer effective and for the need to sanitize the infectious focus and excise irreversibly changed tissues. Campaign surgical intervention a calculus or tumor formation can be removed from the kidneys and ureters.

During the operation, the surgeon performs the restoration of the lumen of the ureter, excision of inflammatory tissues and the establishment of drains for the outflow of purulent fluid. If the parenchyma of the kidney is significantly destroyed, an operation is performed - nephrectomy.

The operation is extreme case medical care for pyelonephritis

Preventive actions

Prevention of pyelonephritis is primarily necessary to prevent acute renal failure, which is often the main cause of death in patients with pyelonephritis. Prevention of pyelonephritis should be carried out using certain rules, the observance of which must be clear and without violations. Compliance with these rules does not provide significant labor, you should only carefully pay attention to own health, continue treatment for early stages pathological process.

In order not to bring yourself to pyelonephritis - prevention should be carried out taking into account certain rules:

1. Getting rid of bad habits, since alcohol and smoking significantly reduce the immune properties of the body, which inhibits the ability to respond to the penetration of bacteria and viruses into the body;
2. If the pathological process infectious etiology located in any other organs, it must be sanitized, since bacteria can spread to the kidneys with the help of blood;
3. Persons who are at risk of developing the disease should regularly conduct laboratory and instrumental methods studies to prevent pyelonephritis.
4. The body must get enough rest and sleep, as an exhausted body is not able to fight a bacterial infection;
5. Usage medicinal herbs as a preventive measure;

Compliance with these rules does not provide significant work, you should only carefully pay attention to your own health to carry out treatment at the early stages of the pathological process.

Complications in pyelonephritis

The severity of the manifestation of complications in chronic and acute pyelonephritis depends on how the treatment was carried out. Kidney disease pyelonephritis is a disease in which an inflammatory process occurs in the tissues of the organs of the urinary system. The danger to the life of the patient lies in the fact that a significant progression of the disease can contribute to the complete loss of the organ and doom the patient to disability.

Pyelonephritis is dangerous? And the fact that after the illness or in the acute course of the disease, such complications can develop:

kidney abscess - pathological condition, which is characterized by the development of a purulent focus inside the organ. People with chronic pathologies pancreas. Abscess formation is considered a life-threatening condition, as it can spread the infection throughout the body. This complication is corrected only with the help of surgical intervention and active drainage.

Pus in the kidneys - abscess

Symptomatic signs of a kidney abscess:

• a sharp increase in body temperature to a feverish state;
• sharp unbearable pain in the lumbar region and during urination;
• aversion to food.

On palpation of the lumbar region, a sharp sensitivity and pain are detected, a sharp increase in one kidney is determined compared to the other.

General blood poisoning- exactly this severe complication, which develops during any infectious process in the human body. Septic shock is a consequence of the entry of bacterial microorganisms into the bloodstream. To fight septic shock massive doses of antibiotics are used. As a rule, patients in a state of shock require intensive care and resuscitation.

The main symptomatic signs of sepsis:

• a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
• depression of the function of the central nervous system;
• feverish state;
• oppression of the functioning of the heart, the development of arrhythmias;
• acute respiratory failure.

bacteriological shock- a condition that develops against the background of improperly performed treatment, namely, the use of antibacterial drugs in combination with diuretics in the obstructive type of acute or chronic pyelonephritis. Under the action of diuretics, the production of urine increases, and under the action of antibiotics, a massive death of bacterial microorganisms occurs. As a result of this process, there is a massive release of endotoxins and the inability of the urinary organs to dispose of them in a timely manner.

To help patients:

• restoration of the patency of the ureters and the resumption of the rate of urine outflow;
• to restore the concentration of blood proteins, patients undergo a transfusion of fresh frozen plasma;
• as a prophylaxis of adrenal insufficiency, steroid preparations are found;
• Heparin preparations are used to improve the rheological properties of blood.

Prognosis for recovery in acute pyelonephritis

By using modern methods holding medical measures the duration of the infectious state is approximately 2 to 3 weeks. In the event that it was produced wrong treatment acute form or in an extremely neglected state - at best, a chronic process develops, and at worst - sepsis, acute renal failure, abscess, peritonitis, bacteriological shock and death.

The prognosis for a full recovery depends on how timely treatment was carried out and seeking medical help. In the case of the chronic form of the disease, the prognosis for recovery is unsatisfactory, since this form is characterized by periodic relapses of the disease, and further provokes the development of acute renal failure. As a rule, such patients may not expect a full recovery.

According to statistics, acute pyelonephritis as a kidney disease is one of the most common infectious pathologies and today it can be successfully treated with medication. The only problem in medical practice is actually the late appeal of patients for medical help.

People who are faced with a problem associated with pyelonephritis are concerned about the question of how to treat it and how?

Treatment of pyelonephritis should take place in a complex various drugs and procedures to get rid of the disease.

Medical history and possible complications

Pyelonephritis is a disease that infectious nature. Microorganisms through various paths enter the bloodstream, and then to the kidneys, after which an inflammatory process occurs at the site of the localization of bacteria.

The disease affects the parenchyma, renal tubules and connective tissues. In this case, the function of the organ, aimed at filtering the blood in the body and the formation of urine, is disrupted. The onset of the disease is often associated with bacteria, primarily E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

The disease can progress in two forms: acute and chronic. During the initial exacerbation, a person feels unpleasant symptoms pyelonephritis, expressed in the following manifestations:

• temperature rise to 38 degrees;
• increased blood pressure;
• drawing pain in the lumbar region;
• pain during urination;
• nausea and dizziness.

If the focus of the disease is not cured in a timely manner, then the microorganisms will continue their way through the urethra and are able to reach the second kidney or bladder.

Then the next period of the disease occurs, which is called. Symptoms during this period of time pass in latent form, only occasionally manifesting itself in weakness and dizziness. This is explained general intoxication of the body because it is under pressure from toxins.

If you do not contact a medical specialist, the disease can lead a person to disability, but moreover, he may begin kidney failure, which will lead to death. Therefore, upon detection of the first, treatment should be started without delay.

Diagnostic measures

At the first visit to a urologist or nephrologist, depending on which specialist it is possible to make an appointment with, the patient will be prescribed tests and other diagnostic examinations aimed at detecting the disease.

It is also necessary so that the medical specialist can differentiate this disease from others similar to it, for example, glomerulonephritis or.

It is important for the patient to fully describe his condition, symptoms associated with urination, and daily well-being.

The doctor will give a referral for a urinalysis (OAM), which will reveal many indicators. First of all, the density of urine, as well as its smell and color. In case of problems with the renal system, the patient has sedimentary material in the urine, as well as cloudy urine.

In addition to tests for the structure of urine, the patient will need to pass clinical blood test, according to which it will be clear that an inflammatory process occurs in the body.

First of all, this will be expressed in an increase in the level of leukocytes and a shift leukocyte formula to the left. ESR in pyelonephritis also increases. Blood reacts to every pathological process that occurs inside the body, but it cannot show the focus of the inflammatory process.

In order to identify the localization of the infectious accumulation, you need to go through ultrasound diagnostics , which can accurately identify which elements of the kidney were damaged. The size of the organ in pyelonephritis increases significantly, as do the renal pelvis affected by inflammation.

If the doctor needs additional information, then he can write a referral for passing urography and computed tomography.

Each case is individual, but the doctor, based on the results of the studies, will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective scheme to get rid of an ailment that causes a lot of inconvenience.

How long is pyelonephritis treated?

Treatment time will depend on the degree of neglect diseases and causes that provoked the inflammatory process. In acute pyelonephritis, the patient is offered to be treated in a medical hospital, where he will have to spend more than one week.

Of course, there are cases when many patients manage to get rid of the main symptoms after one week, but this does not mean at all that he has completely overcome pyelonephritis. Microorganisms that live in the ureter and kidney area are able to multiply even with the slightest accumulation in the focus of inflammation.

The speed of cure will depend on the presence of certain symptoms, as well as blood showing degree of damage to the body.

As a rule, in order to get rid of pyelonephritis in the acute period, you have to spend two to three months. After the analyzes came to normal condition the patient is transferred to the rehabilitation period.

It will take much longer to treat the chronic stage of pyelonephritis than for the one that arose suddenly. For the first month and a half, the patient is prescribed antibiotics that can eliminate purulent inflammation in the renal system.

The full course of treatment will take at least one year.

If the patient's health reaches remission, then the medication is temporarily stopped. Then the drugs are taken in courses, making between them recovery breaks. The duration of the breaks is determined by the attending physician, based on the patient's well-being and the analyzes collected recently.

Many patients ask the question, is a permanent cure possible? The answer to this question lies in the fact that each organism is individual, but those people in whom the development of pyelonephritis was in the acute stage.

The chronic stage is also treated, but not in cases where the renal system is driven to extremes, and the organs find it difficult to cope with urine production and filtration. circulatory system. For a successful cure, the following requirements must be met:

• Follow the doctor's recommendations.
• Eat properly.
• Maintain a positive attitude.

Standards for Therapy

If acute pyelonephritis or chronic during the period of exacerbation is characterized high blood pressure and suppuration, then the attending physician can decide about the surgical intervention. The operation can take place in cases where it cannot exit, that is, its outflow is disturbed.

In almost all cases with acute course diseases are prescribed to the patient hospital regime. Especially when taking antibiotics is accompanied by frequent vomiting or diarrhea.

First of all, patients should be provided with:

1. copious fluid intake (up to two liters per day);
2. bed rest, in which the patient must take horizontal position and cover yourself with a warm blanket;
3. taking non-steroidal drugs aimed at lowering body temperature and relieving pain symptoms.

Treatment regimen, established by medical standards for men and women, is the same, so there are no significant differences in drug therapy.

Taking antibiotics

In the early days, the disease is treated with a reception. If the disease proceeds in an acute form, then doctors prescribe drugs directed against bacteria that are the causative agents of infectious inflammation.

Most often, these are antibacterial agents. a wide range actions. The most popular in the process of healing from microbes are the means third generation cephalosporin group.

Doctors usually prescribe two drugs at once: Amoxicillin Clavulanate and Cefixime, which have a damaging effect on pathogenic microorganisms.

Nitrofuran group drugs are prescribed if the symptoms are minor and the disease has appeared in the patient relatively recently. To similar means include Furamag and Furadonin.

If the disease has been observed for several weeks, then specialists prescribe antimuscarinic agents, to which it is customary to include Driptan and Oxybutynin.

A course of antibiotics is prescribed according to a special scheme prescribed by a urologist or nephrologist. Usually when advanced disease it lasts up to three weeks, and sometimes more. It depends on the well-being of the patient seeking help.

There is no single antibiotic capable of inflicting an effective effect on pathogenic bacteria.

Therefore, in each case, an analysis is taken for a bacterial culture of urine in order to identify specific microorganisms and conduct a study of suitable drugs.

Other drugs

Completely without antibiotics in the treatment of pyelonephritis can not do. In addition to antibiotic treatment, modern medicine also uses other means that effectively fight pyelonephritis. Such drugs include:

1. Nitrofurans. These substances are used in the treatment of such diseases less and less due to their nephrotoxicity. However, in relation to the fight against infectious agents, they are quite effective.
2. Sulfonamides. These drugs are almost no longer used or rarely used. Since they contain sulfur, they are very toxic to the kidney tissue. Many experts are of the opinion that it is impossible to fight the disease according to the principle: we treat one thing and cripple the other.
3. Antiseptics on the plant-based. Many antibiotics cope with microbes, but cause serious harm to human health, so urologists are happy to prescribe drugs based on plant components.
4. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines. Reduce symptoms of inflammation such as fever or weakness.

Treatment of pregnant women and breastfeeding

Treatment of pregnant women is carried out with antibacterial agents, which can adversely affect the development of the fetus. Therefore, each medicine appointed by the treating specialist and taken with caution.

If any of the adverse symptoms, you must inform your doctor immediately.

In the first months after conception, doctors prescribe a woman drugs such as:

• Ampicillin;
• clavulanate.

After the first trimester, a remedy such as Erythromycin can be administered as directed by a doctor. Funds to be avoided containing aminoglycosides and tetracyclines which can cause significant harm to the fetus.

Nursing mothers should seek medical attention at the first sign. She can be hospitalized if pyelonephritis appeared immediately after childbirth. However, this measure is used only in acute situations. During this period, a woman needs antibiotics, as is the case with pregnancy.

Emergency care for pyelonephritis

When acute pyelonephritis occurs, the first stage is an emergency call for medical help. After the patient is brought to the hospital, most likely, he will be left there for further examination and first aid. First of all, they will try to lower his body temperature and remove toxins from the body.

This is one of the important steps in first aid after a sudden onset of pyelonephritis, because toxins are dangerous and can cause Negative influence throughout the life of the organism.

After the patient is placed in the ward, he will be treated with intravenous agents and provided with plenty of fluids.

If the outflow of urine was disturbed for some reason, it will be restored with the help of catheterization.

Further treatment will be carried out with antibiotics that can affect infectious pathogens.

Reasons for surgery

In order for the attending physician to decide on a surgical intervention, the patient must have a number of reasons. First of all, such as:

• In the purulent-destructive stage. When there are many abscesses in the kidney that need to be opened.
• Difficulties with urine flow that cannot be corrected with a catheter, such as a stone blocking the ureter.
• Situations when the kidney ceased to perform its function, and it turned off.

Rehabilitation after illness

If the disease has passed in remission, the doctor prescribes to the patient rehabilitation measures aimed at maintaining such a state in the norm and preventing new foci of infection.

Such activities include physiotherapy exercises, proper nutrition, massage and a course of physiotherapy.

Physical activity is prescribed in the mode that is most suitable for the patient's condition. It can be gentle, functional or training mode.

All exercises included in exercise therapy complex, must be fulfilled at a slow pace and according to a special scheme. Movement should flow smoothly from one to another, while it is necessary to take blood pressure measurements before training.

Proper nutrition is also the key to successful rehabilitation. It is prescribed by a doctor. To combat pyelonephritis, "table number seven" is shown - this is a dietary food aimed at maintaining the body in the right shape.

To physiotherapy procedures include activities such as:

1. exposure to centimeter waves on the kidney area for six or eight procedures;
2. electrophoresis using calcium chloride;
3. various types of thermal procedures used in the kidney area: paraffin baths or therapeutic mud.

Acupressure massage helps well, involving the impact on certain points located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe fingers.

The specialist conducts this massage, while he knows that each point is responsible for a specific organ. This procedure is carried out in a lying position. The result of such therapy is increased immunity and improvement in the patient's well-being, which he will feel after the first procedures.

Contraindications for sports

Any sports activities aimed at improving blood flow, as well as raising the general tone of the body, should be carried out under the supervision of an experienced trainer monitoring the patient's condition. Proper execution will allow a person to quickly recover and begin the usual rhythm of life.

However, there is a number of contraindications in which exercise is contraindicated. First of all, these are situations when:

• Pain is felt in the region of the kidneys.
• The patient has a feverish state with an increase in body temperature.
• The outflow of urine is disturbed.
• Chronic pyelonephritis has passed into the stage of exacerbation.

Yoga classes can be carried out only under the supervision of an experienced instructor and only not during an exacerbation of the disease. All movements should be at a slow pace and performed with extreme caution.

Prevention against exacerbations of the disease

The choice of preventive methods is individual, and depends on the exacerbation of the disease and the symptoms that are observed in the patient. Therefore, preventive measures should be prescribed by the attending physician, based on the general condition of the person.

If the disease is in the period chronic course diseases, then measures should be aimed at preventing new relapses. Usually, doctors prescribe courses of antibacterial agents that can prevent the appearance of foci of the inflammatory process.

An important component preventive measures is , which implies drinking regimen in an amount of at least two liters per day, as well as daily use vegetables and fruits. They not only improve the condition of the gastrointestinal tract, but also enrich the body with a complex of vitamins that prevent the development of the disease.

It is important to take herbal medicinal fees aimed at improving the outflow of urine, as well as filling the body with essential vitamins.

In the chronic course of pyelonephritis, it is useful for the patient to use Kanefron, which consists of medicinal herbs. Many patients after taking Kanefron notice significant improvements in well-being and recovery, which is much faster than when taking other drugs.

Products that adversely affect the condition of the kidneys, it is desirable to exclude. These include fried meat, as well as smoked products. They disrupt the functionality of the kidneys, making the occurrence of the disease frequent, and disrupting all preventive actions produced earlier.

You also need to stay positive mood, since it also psychosomatically affects the general condition of human organs and diseases that occur in the body. The right attitude and physical therapy will give longevity for many years and relieve the symptoms of pyelonephritis.

How to treat pyelonephritis will be told by a urologist in a video clip:

Pyelonephritis is one of the most common infectious diseases of the kidneys, accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process in the pelvis, calyces or parenchyma of the organ. It can occur independently or as a concomitant complication against the background of other pathologies (nephrolithiasis, glomerulonephritis, etc.).

The causative agents of infection are most often pathogenic or opportunistic gram-negative microorganisms that can enter the kidneys in various ways. Timely access to a doctor and adequate therapy reduce the risk of possible complications and the transition of pathology to a chronic form. The incidence rate is about 1% among adults and 0.5% among children. In more than half of clinical cases, kidney pyelonephritis is detected in young and middle-aged women.

Causes

The main reason for the development of pyelonephritis is the appearance in the kidneys of potential pathogens of infectious diseases. These can be microorganisms that constantly live in the body or enter from the outside.

There are three ways for infection to enter the kidneys:

• Hematogenous. Infectious agents enter the kidneys with blood when there are foci of acute or chronic inflammation. For example, sinusitis, tonsillitis, furunculosis, osteomyelitis, influenza, tonsillitis, etc.;
• Lymphogenic. Pathogenic microorganisms enter the kidney from the nearest infected organs (intestines, genitals, etc.) with the lymph flow;
• Urinogenic. The pathogen enters the organ from the lower parts of the urinary system - the bladder or ureters. This mechanism of infection is realized when the patient has vesicoureteral reflux (reverse flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters).

Among the most commonly detected pathogens of pyelonephritis during bacterial culture of urine are the following microorganisms:

• Enterococci;
• para-intestinal coli;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• Protea;
• Streptococci;
• Klebsiella;
• Staphylococci.

In about 20% of cases, patients with pyelonephritis have a mixed pathogenic microflora, and not one specific pathogen. At long course diseases there are cases of accession of a fungal infection.

E. coli is the most common causative agent of pyelonephritis

Important: The penetration of a potential pathogen into the kidney does not always lead to pyelonephritis. In addition, the body must have favorable conditions for the active growth, vital activity and reproduction of the infectious agent.

For the development of pyelonephritis, reasons are necessary that contribute to the reproduction and active life of pathogenic microflora in the kidneys. These include the following states:

• violation of urodynamics due to nephroptosis, kidney dystopia, the presence of stones in the organs of the urinary system and other factors;
• hypovitaminosis;
• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia;
• pathologies of the endocrine system (for example, diabetes mellitus);
• frequent nervous stress;
• chronic inflammatory diseases;
• weakness, fatigue.

An increased risk of developing kidney pyelonephritis is noted in children under 6 years of age, which is explained by structural features urinary tract and not fully developed immune system. Quite often, the disease is found in women during pregnancy against the background of reduced immunity, squeezing and weakening of the tone of the urinary tract. Also at risk are men over 60 years of age suffering from prostatitis, urethritis or prostate adenoma.

Types of disease

In medical practice, there are several principles for classifying a disease. According to the localization of the inflammatory process, unilateral and bilateral pyelonephritis is distinguished. Taking into account etiological factors there is a primary (in the absence of any pathologies of the kidneys and disorders of urodynamics) and a secondary form of the disease. Depending on the presence of violations of the patency of the urinary tract, kidney disease pyelonephritis can be obstructive and non-obstructive. The most commonly used classification of pyelonephritis according to the nature of the course. According to this criterion, acute and chronic forms of the disease are distinguished.

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis can occur in two versions - serous and purulent. In this case, the inflammatory process is localized mainly in the interstitial tissue.

With serous pyelonephritis, the organ increases in size and acquires a dark red color. In the interstitial tissue, multiple infiltrates are formed, alternating with healthy renal tissue. There is swelling of the interstitial tissue, accompanied by squeezing renal tubules. In some cases, there is also inflammation and swelling of the perirenal fatty tissue. With timely and adequate treatment, the reverse development of the disease is observed. AT severe cases serous pyelonephritis can turn into purulent.

Purulent pyelonephritis is characterized by the presence in the interstitial tissue a large number pustules of various sizes. Small pustules can join together, forming a carbuncle - a large abscess. With spontaneous opening of abscesses, pus enters the renal pelvis and is excreted along with urine. During recovery, connective tissue forms at the site of abscesses, forming scars. The degree of involvement in the inflammatory process of certain parts of the body depends on the route of infection. With the urinogenic route, more pronounced changes are observed in the pelvis and calyx, and with the hematogenous route of infection, the cortical substance is primarily affected.

Chronic pyelonephritis

Against the background of chronic pyelonephritis, the development of nephrogenic arterial hypertension is often noted. In the last stage of the disease, patients present with a shriveled kidney pattern, scarring, and tubular replacement with connective tissue. The prognosis of the disease depends on its duration, the activity of the inflammatory process and the number of exacerbations.

Important: The diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis is made if the clinical and laboratory signs observed for more than one year.

Prevention methods

Prevention of pyelonephritis is not difficult, but, nevertheless, reduces the risk of the disease and its severe consequences. It includes the following steps:

• timely treatment of any infectious diseases;
• consumption of at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day for normal functioning urinary system;
• timely (without long delays) emptying of the bladder;
• daily observance of rules of personal hygiene.

Also, to prevent the onset of the disease, it is important to avoid hypothermia, as they often become a provoking factor for the spread of infection.

Maintaining physical fitness, giving up bad habits, a balanced healthy diet, including all the necessary vitamins, macro- and microelements, help strengthen the body as a whole and increase its resistance to various diseases, including pyelonephritis.

People who are predisposed to developing the disease should be regularly observed by a nephrologist and take urine tests to assess kidney function and timely identify any abnormalities.

Tip: Prevention of pyelonephritis should be started from a very early age, as children under six years of age are at risk.

Fortunately, only a few know firsthand what pyelonephritis is. This disease is associated with renal pelvis or parenchyma. It is infectious. Pathogenic bacteria cause disease.

From the course of school anatomy, we all know that the kidneys are a natural filter of blood in our body. These paired organs are also responsible for the formation of urine. Two tubes, called ureters, transport fluid from the kidney to the bladder, and from there it is excreted from the body through the urethra. In the predominant number of cases, the causes of pyelonephritis lie in the spread of a bacterial infection from the bladder. Pathogenic microorganisms get there by an ascending route through the urethra from the skin or mucous membranes.

It often happens that bacteria enter the kidneys, bypassing the bladder and urethra, without causing an inflammatory process in them. So what is pyelonephritis? This is a kidney infection that can be acute or chronic.

Brief description, ICD-10 code

Pyelonephritis is assigned a separate number in International classification diseases of the tenth revision. The disease is included in the section "Tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidneys" with coding N10-N16. At the same time, a separate labeling was assigned to chronic and acute pyelonephritis.

Depending on the form of the course, kidney pathology may have different Clinical signs. Acute pyelonephritis without complications can manifest itself as a sudden development of the inflammatory process. As a rule, its occurrence is associated with an ascending infection, about the mechanism of entry into the body, which we described above. The most common causative agent of renal pathology is Escherichia coli.

Undertreated acute form disease leads to the development of recurrent kidney pathology. And the main mistake of patients is the refusal of further therapy when the symptoms are relieved. Treatment of pyelonephritis involves the complete destruction of pathogenic microflora in the kidneys and the restoration of normal urine outflow, and this may take more than one week.

Unlike the acute form, the protracted form of the disease is less common. Pyelonephritis is detected in the diagnosis of ultrasound or urinalysis, since the chronic inflammatory process in the kidneys is characterized by an asymptomatic course.

This ailment can also be provoked by congenital defects in the kidneys. The cause of the disease is considered progressive damage and scarring in the tissues. Without proper treatment, the disease often leads to kidney failure. Chronic pyelonephritis is often diagnosed in early age.

Pathogens

The causative agents of pyelonephritis are no different from the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. In most cases, as already mentioned, the cause of the disease is Escherichia coli. Quite often, during the examination of the patient, others are also found:

• klebsiella;
• Proteus;
• Staphylococcus aureus;
• Enterobacter;
• Pseudomonas;
• Serratia Citrobacter.

In patients with immunodeficiency and diabetes, the disease can be caused by Candida fungi.

Predisposing factors

To start the pathological process, the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms is not enough. In a person with a strong immune system, the body fights back pathogens. A favorable background for the development of pyelonephritis is a disease or condition that causes stagnation of urine in the urinary tract. It is it that promotes the multiplication of bacteria in the urinary tract and the weakening of the immune system - this is just what is needed for the pathogen. A similar factor is also the presence of a catheter, a urinal in the urinary tract.

As for diseases that prevent the normal outflow of urine, they most likely lead to pyelonephritis. When the transport of body fluid slows down, bacteria easily enter the ureters. Among the reasons that serve as a convenient background for the development of pyelonephritis, it is worth noting:

• benign prostatic hypertrophy;
• prostate cancer;
• malignant tumors bladder (in both sexes);
• congenital anomaly development of the urinary tract;
• cancers in the renal tract and metastatic lesions of the kidneys;
• consequences of radiation or chemical therapy or surgery;
• multiple sclerosis and other disorders of the central nervous system;
• polycystic kidney disease;
• AIDS;
• myeloproliferative pathologies;
• diabetes;
• complications after organ transplantation.

In addition, patients over 50 years of age are at risk for acute pyelonephritis. At the same time, women get this disease more often than men. The cause of pyelonephritis in the fairer sex lies in the features anatomical structure urethra They have a much shorter urethra.

Pyelonephritis is especially dangerous for pregnant women (however, like other forms of urinary tract infection). The inflammatory process increases the risk of preterm birth.

A genetic predisposition to renal pathology cannot be completely ruled out. For example, vesicoureteral reflux is hereditary disease observed in blood relatives of the patient. Autosomal dominant inheritance is also attributed to polycystic kidney disease.

Symptoms

The characteristic manifestations of the disease may differ in all patients with pyelonephritis (ICD-10 code N10-N16), depending on age, severity of the pathology and individual characteristics of the organism. The main symptoms of this disease are as follows:

• malaise;
• subfebrile temperature;
• chills (with acute pyelonephritis);
• vomiting and nausea;
• pain in pyelonephritis is usually localized under the ribs, in the lower back, given to the suprapubic region, iliac fossa;
• frequent painful urination;
• hematuria;
• Strong smell and cloudy urine.

In children at an early age, the pathology proceeds secretly. Therefore, there may not be any specific signs of pyelonephritis. The course of acute renal disease in children practically does not differ from the manifestations of an infectious lesion of the urinary tract. Elderly patients, on the contrary, endure the disease extremely hard. In old age, confusion, incoherent speech, hallucinations are possible.

For the chronic form, as a rule, it is characteristic that periodically declares itself dull aching pains in the lower back, especially winter time of the year.

How to recognize an ailment

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis is usually not difficult. To confirm the disease, the doctor examines the patient, drawing Special attention to his general appearance, takes measurements of body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, palpates the abdomen, lower back. In addition, if pyelonephritis is suspected, the specialist will refer the patient to undergo a series of clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies:

• Bacteriological culture urine. The analysis is carried out in order to determine the pathogen that caused the development of the disease.
• Bacteriological blood culture. Such a diagnosis is resorted to only in the presence of pronounced signs of pyelonephritis with a complicated course.
• An extended blood test. In the results of the study, special attention is paid to the creatinine indicator - by-product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. The substance is filtered by the kidneys and leaves the body in the urine. The function of the kidneys associated with its processing is called creatinine clearance. In a laboratory examining a patient's blood sample, the glomerular filtration rate, the rate at which blood flows through the kidneys, is determined. Normally, the level of creatinine in the blood should not exceed 106 micromoles per liter of blood in adult men and 90 micromoles in women.
• General Laboratory examination of urine almost always indirectly indicates signs of pyelonephritis, which is indicated by the presence of leukocytes and protein in the urine.
• ultrasound. With the help of ultrasound screening, specialists identify abscesses, the presence of calculi in the kidneys and determine the causes of urinary stagnation, assess the risk of congenital defects of the urinary tract.
• CT scan. A CT scan is usually not necessary, but if the ultrasound did not allow doctors to see complete picture pathological process, this type of research will dot the “and”.

In addition, the diagnostic complex may include a gynecological examination. The thing is that in women, pyelonephritis is similar to the symptoms of certain sexually transmitted diseases.

Treatment of pyelonephritis

Symptoms of the disease can only be eliminated with antibiotics. In the predominant number of cases, the duration of the course of antibiotic therapy for an uncomplicated course of the disease usually does not exceed two weeks.

Antibiotics are administered orally or parenterally, if their form of release allows it. The doctor proceeds from a specific situation, choosing one or another drug. The results of laboratory tests for bacteria that provoked the disease, a tendency to allergies, the presence of chronic diseases, age, pregnancy are taken into account. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for pyelonephritis are:

• "Penicillin";
• "Trimethoprim";
• "Sulfamethoxazole";
• "Ciprofloxacin";
• "Cefotaxime";
• "Cefaclor";
• "Cefuroxime";
• Levofloxacin.

To overcome the disease in pregnant women, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is resorted to in the most severe cases. Nitrofurans are considered a safer alternative to antibiotics. These drugs include Furagin and Furadonin.

FROM preventive purpose in chronic pyelonephritis, preparations containing this substance are used to prevent relapse, and for exacerbations of the chronic form, Nitroxoline is recommended.

To have an idea of ​​what antibiotics are needed for pyelonephritis caused by a particular pathogen, take into account the table below:

What is pyelonephritis, most often becomes known to people with a weakened immune system.

Common Complications

With complications of pyelonephritis that arose against the background of diabetes, urolithiasis, due to injuries, injuries, anatomical intrauterine anomalies of the kidneys and pregnancy, hospitalization and inpatient treatment are indicated.

If the disease is accompanied severe pain, high temperature, chills, severe nausea and vomiting, the patient requires emergency medical attention and the implementation of measures to prevent dehydration. When vomiting, antibiotics are administered intravenously. Persistent fever and chills may also indicate that the kidney infection has spread into the blood.

In isolated cases, pyelonephritis progresses with the formation of a purulent-inflammatory focus - an abscess. If antibiotic treatment does not bring the desired effect, the abscess is opened. The procedure that is done in this case is called nephrostomy: a special tube is inserted through the skin on the back directly into the focus of inflammation on the kidney and the purulent contents are pumped out.

Folk remedies

In parallel with taking antibacterial drugs for pyelonephritis, doctors often recommend the use of herbs and folk remedies that have anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Phytotherapy is also successfully used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. The following is an example of several well-known folk recipes for the preparation of remedies for pyelonephritis:

• Decoction of corn silk. Vegetable fibers are taken in the amount of two tablespoons, pour a glass of boiling water. You need to cook in a water bath. Put the dishes with the broth on the stove, cover with a lid and simmer over low heat for about 30 minutes. After that, cool and strain, add a little boiled water. Before use, the product is slightly heated and shaken.
• An infusion of birch buds and yarrow helps relieve symptoms of cystitis and urinary tract infections. To prepare it, you need dry raw materials. Both components are used in equal proportions (2 tablespoons each) and poured with a liter of boiling water. Then the product is left for a couple of hours to infuse. Take a drink twice a day for half a glass, on an empty stomach.
• Birch tar. To relieve inflammation in the kidneys, you need to use a glass three times a day. warm milk containing 5-10 drops of tar. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
• Dill infusion. Finely chopped greens (approximately 10 g) are poured hot water and, having covered with a lid, set aside for an hour. Ready infusion drink three times a day before meals.

Fresh cranberries, as well as cranberry decoctions and fruit drinks, have long been known for their diuretic and antimicrobial properties. 2-3 handfuls of this berry should be eaten by pregnant women in order to prevent pyelonephritis. The measures to prevent the disease also include the regular use of celery, spinach. These products prevent the development of inflammatory processes in the kidneys, providing a good outflow of fluid and a decongestant effect.

Nuances of the diet

In search of an answer about what pyelonephritis is and how to deal with this disease, it is impossible to ignore the issue of nutrition. With the described disease, it is the diet that plays a huge role, determining, in fact, the patient's chances of recovery. The patient runs the risk of nullifying the effect of the use medicines, ignoring the simple rules for compiling a daily menu for kidney pyelonephritis.

Nutrition is based on the principles of maximum restriction in the consumption of salt and smoked products. Salt is a mineral that retains fluid in the tissues of the body and contributes to the development of edema against the background of kidney dysfunction. Its daily intake should not exceed 6 g.

During the period of acute pyelonephritis (or exacerbation of chronic), canned food, fatty, spicy, fried foods, sweets and pastries. Urologists recommend completely abandoning coffee (natural and instant), carbonated and alcoholic beverages. Caution should be taken when including mushrooms and legumes in the diet.

Features of the daily menu and nutrition for pyelonephritis are built on the need for mandatory consumption of diuretic and anti-inflammatory products, herbal decoctions. Chamomile, rosehip, lingonberry and horsetail teas, green tea, still mineral water will be useful.

In the summer season, with kidney disease (pyelonephritis), you need to eat fresh vegetables, fruits, melons. To stop the exacerbation against the background of the chronic course of the disease, give preference to a vegetable and dairy menu, including dairy and sour-milk low-fat products, dried fruits in the diet. They are enriched with potassium, and this trace element, as you know, removes salt from the body and maintains muscle tone. In strictly limited quantities, you can use butter, cereals, bread. Protein food vegetable origin is desirable to minimize.

When preparing salads from fresh vegetables, try to chop everything very finely or grate it, and season the dishes with olive oil. When boiling meat (chicken, rabbit, turkey), it is advisable to drain the first broth a few minutes after boiling and cook the meat in a new broth - this will remove all extractive substances from the tissues.

Prevention of kidney disease

To minimize the likelihood of developing renal pyelonephritis, you must:

• Drink several glasses of water every day. This helps to flush out pathogenic bacteria from the urinary tract and kidneys, preventing their reproduction.
• Timely treat any inflammatory processes in the body, regardless of their severity.
• Eat a balanced diet and give up bad habits, lead an active and healthy lifestyle.
• Avoid hypothermia, keep your legs and lower back warm, do not sit on a cold surface.

If there are problems with the urinary system, treatment should not be delayed. Running pathologies often require surgical intervention in order to restore the satisfactory function of the genitourinary system and prevent relapses in the future.