Pharyngitis in children: forms, symptoms and treatment. Pharyngitis symptoms and treatment in children

Pharyngitis is called inflammatory process located on the posterior wall of the pharynx. main symptom this disease that a child may complain to parents is pain and discomfort in the throat. In most cases, pharyngitis develops against the background of acute respiratory infections, together with other catarrhal processes in the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract, much less often as an independent pathology. It occurs in children of all ages. How less baby the more severe the course of the disease and the more difficult the choice of drugs.

Content:

Causes of the disease

Pharyngitis in children can develop as an independent disease or be the result of some other. In most cases, inflammation of the pharynx occurs against the background of damage to the body by acute respiratory viral infections (influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus) and other viruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus). Less commonly, bacterial pathogens (streptococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae and diphtheria bacillus, meningococci) become the cause of pharyngitis. The greatest risks the appearance of pharyngitis exists in children attending kindergartens and schools in the autumn-winter period during seasonal epidemics of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.

The following factors can contribute to the development of the inflammatory process on the back of the pharynx:

• difficult nasal breathing, leading to inhalation through the mouth of cold, unpurified air and drying of the mucous oral cavity and throat;
• posterior rhinitis, in which infected mucous secretions do not exit through the nasal passages when blown out, but flow down;
• hypothermia;
• weakening of local immunity;
• frequent use vasoconstrictor drops in the treatment of a runny nose, flowing down from the nasal cavity, irritating the mucous rear wall pharynx and reducing its protective properties;
• exacerbation of certain chronic diseases (rhinitis, adenoiditis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, stomatitis, caries);
• removal palatine tonsils, accompanied by atrophic changes in the mucous tissue of the pharynx;
• lack of vitamins (A and group B);
• gastroesophageal reflux, as a result of which the contents of the stomach often enter the throat, causing irritant effect on her mucous membrane.

Sometimes the causes of pharyngitis are allergic reactions that occur in response to an allergen entering the mucous membrane of the throat. Inflammation of the pharynx can also be caused by mechanical damage to its mucosa by foreign bodies or surgical operations, exposure to chemical solvent vapors, dust, tobacco smoke, and hot air. Also, inflammation of the pharynx develops as a result of eating too hot, rough, spicy or sour food.

Types of pharyngitis

Taking into account etiological factor pharyngitis in adults and children is infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal), traumatic, allergic or caused by contact of the pharyngeal mucosa with irritants. Treatment of the disease directly depends on its type.

By the nature of the course, the disease occurs in acute or chronic form. In the first case, children have acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa. Chronic pharyngitis is a sluggish inflammatory process that lasts several months or more and is characterized by phases of remissions and exacerbations. Most often, it occurs as a result of not fully cured acute pharyngitis or as an independent disease due to prolonged irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa by aggressive factors.

Depending on the severity of the inflammatory process chronic pharyngitis happens:

• simple, or catarrhal, manifested as hyperemia of the pharyngeal mucosa;
• granulosa, or hypertrophic, accompanied by the growth of tissues affected by the inflammatory process;
• atrophic, accompanied by drying out or thinning of inflamed tissues;
• mixed, in which pathological changes in the mucous membrane characteristic of the hypertrophic and atrophic types are simultaneously present on the back of the throat.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pharyngitis in children differ depending on the form of the disease and the severity. A characteristic sign of acute inflammation is:

• redness and swelling;
• sharp pain in the throat, markedly aggravated by swallowing, especially hard and hot food;
• an increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C;
• hoarseness of voice;
• coughing due to a sensation of perspiration and soreness on the pharyngeal mucosa;
• irradiation of pain in the ears (if the inflammation affects the tubopharyngeal ridges).

In chronic pharyngitis, the symptoms are less pronounced, there is dryness and sore throat. This form of inflammation is not characterized by an increase in temperature and a change in general condition and activity of the child. However, during exacerbations, the symptoms of chronic pharyngitis intensify and are similar in clinical picture to acute pharyngitis.

With granular chronic pharyngitis, a viscous coating of thick mucus accumulates on the back of the pharynx, red swollen plaques form, the submandibular lymph nodes can be enlarged and painful on palpation, and there is a pulling pain in the back of the head.

The atrophic form of chronic pharyngitis in children is diagnosed extremely rarely. It is characterized by pallor and dryness of the throat mucosa, the formation of crusts on it, which are dried mucus, and the appearance of a vascular pattern on the back of the pharynx.

Features of symptoms depending on the cause

With pharyngitis that occurs against the background of SARS, the inflammatory process spreads to the entire pharynx, including tonsils and soft palate. It is often accompanied by a runny nose, conjunctivitis, cough, gastrointestinal disorders.

Pharyngitis caused by pathogenic bacteria is characterized by a prolonged course, headache, fever, tonsillitis. When the throat is affected by fungi, cracks and erosion form on its mucosa and in the corners of the mouth, a characteristic white curdled coating appears on the back of the pharynx, and the posterior cervical lymph nodes increase.

If the cause of pharyngitis is an allergen on the mucous membrane of the throat, then it manifests itself in the form of a dry cough, not accompanied by fever and severe sore throat.

Features of symptoms in young children

Parents can suspect pharyngitis in infants who cannot yet express themselves and show where they hurt, according to the following signs:

• capriciousness, tearfulness;
• anxiety and bad dream;
• occasional coughing;
• loss of appetite and regurgitation after feeding;

For young children less than 2 years of age, acute pharyngitis is difficult. If its cause is SARS, then it is combined with acute inflammation mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, runny nose, cough, accompanied by a rise in body temperature, general weakness and lethargy, loss of appetite.

Diagnosis of the disease

If pharyngitis is suspected in children, parents should consult a doctor. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment are fraught with complications, and what younger child the more serious they may be. Confirmation of the presence of an inflammatory process on the mucosa of the posterior pharyngeal wall, as well as its form and causes, is established on the basis of:

• complaints of the child or parents, if the child is small;
• examination of the oral cavity and throat (pharyngoscopy);
• palpation of the lymph nodes in the neck;
• the results of bacteriological culture of a swab from the pharynx.

With pharyngitis, there is moderate redness, swelling and infiltration of the posterior pharyngeal wall, palatopharyngeal arches, and less often also soft palate.

A sore throat can be a symptom of not only pharyngitis, but also tonsillitis, measles, scarlet fever. Unlike pharyngitis, angina is characterized by rapid dynamics in the development of the clinical picture. The next day, a purulent plaque and plugs appear on the tonsils, their redness and increase in size are observed, the body temperature rises sharply to 40 ° C.

Treatment of pharyngitis

Preparations and procedures for the treatment of pharyngitis in children should be prescribed by the local pediatrician or pediatric otolaryngologist, taking into account the age of the patient, the cause of the disease and the severity of the patient's condition. Treatment is carried out at home. In uncomplicated forms of the disease occurring against the background of SARS, the inflammatory process subsides on its own within a few days.

Medications

In acute pharyngitis and exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis in children, the following drugs are used for treatment:

• preparations for the preparation of solutions for gargling (rotokan, furatsilin, chlorophyllipt);
• solutions for lubricating the inflamed mucosa (protargol, Lugol's solution);
• lozenges and lozenges with antiseptic, emollient and analgesic effects (lysobact, septefril, pharyngosept, strepsils, imudon);
• sprays and aerosols for irrigation of the pharynx (hexaspray, inhalipt, yox, tantum verde, cameton, miramistin);
• antibacterial drugs locally, less often systemically (with precisely established bacterial etiology diseases and determining the sensitivity of the pathogen to specific antibiotics);
• immunomodulating drugs for pharyngitis against the background of acute respiratory viral infections (viferon, laferobion, immunoflazid, aflubin);
• solutions for inhalation (soda-buffer, decasan, saline);
• antipyretics based on paracetamol or ibuprofen when the temperature rises above 38 ° C.

For the treatment of pharyngitis in a child under 3 years of age, sprays and aerosols are not used, since they, when injected, can provoke a reflex spasm of the larynx and an asthma attack, as well as gargling due to the complexity self-fulfillment this procedure for babies.

At fungal pharyngitis in children, treatment consists in treating the throat with local antifungal drugs. Inflammation of the pharynx caused by an allergic reaction is treated by taking antihistamines in the form of tablets, drops or syrups (Fenistil, Erius, Zyrtec, Cetirizine, Zodak).

Folk remedies

From folk methods treatment for pharyngitis after consultation with a doctor, children can do steam inhalation and gargling with decoctions medicinal plants(chamomile, sage, calendula, eucalyptus, St. John's wort, oak bark), which have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and healing effects. For rinsing, a simple saline solution is also used (1 teaspoon of salt per glass of water).

At night, you can give the patient warm milk with honey or mineral water, which will have a warming and softening effect. However, before using such folk remedies, you should make sure that the child is not allergic to the herbs and honey used.

Features of patient care

Of great importance for the speedy recovery of the child is a plentiful warm drink ( mineral water without gas, tea, compote, berry fruit drinks) and fresh moist air, for which Special attention the well-known pediatrician Komarovsky E.O. turns parents. All this will contribute to effective moisturizing and cleansing of the affected pharyngeal mucosa.

To reduce injury and irritation of the inflamed throat mucosa during the period of illness, the child should follow a sparing diet. It is not recommended to give him too rough, hard, spicy, salty, sour, hot or cold food.

Video: Children's ENT about the symptoms and treatment of pharyngitis

Possible complications and prevention

In the absence of timely and proper treatment, acute pharyngitis in children can lead to complications, the main of which are:

• the transition of the disease to a chronic form;
• spread of infection to the organs below respiratory system(laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis);
• peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscess;
• autoimmune diseases (rheumatism);
• angina.

To reduce the risk of pharyngitis in children in acute or chronic form, it is necessary to follow simple preventive measures that are aimed primarily at increasing immunity and minimizing contact with potential pathogens. These include regular walks fresh air, nutritious food and rest.

Hypothermia should be avoided. In the room where the child lives, it is important to create normal level humidity and temperature conditions (cool moist air), exclude contact with polluted air, tobacco smoke, dust. It is necessary to treat rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis in a timely manner to prevent prolonged nasal congestion and forced breathing through the mouth, as well as to prevent contact with sick people during seasonal SARS epidemics.

The child has a sore throat. Grandmothers with the air of connoisseurs claim that this is a cold due to an extra serving of ice cream eaten the day before. Mothers suspect angina. The last word for a doctor who is urgently taken to show the child or who is called to the house. However, the doctor does not share the points of view of parents and representatives of the older generation and confidently declares that the baby has pharyngitis. Authoritative children's doctor Evgeny Komarovsky will talk about pharyngitis in children.

About the disease

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous and lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. If the inflammatory process moves and captures the nasopharynx, this is already nasopharyngitis (its other name is nasopharyngitis). Inflammation of the pharynx occurs for a variety of reasons:

• viral infection caused by influenza viruses, adenoviruses;
• bacterial infection with streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, fungi of the Candida family;
• an allergy that develops in the larynx- due to inhalation of poisonous, toxic substances, dust.

Pharyngitis can be acute and chronic. An acute one develops immediately after a negative impact or infection, and a chronic one develops against the background of constant or sometimes recurring unfavorable factors that haunt the child for quite a long time. Sometimes chronic pharyngitis is generally independent disease, not viral and not allergic, in no way associated with SARS, influenza or manifestations of an allergic reaction. Moreover, such an “independent” pharyngitis can have full-fledged periods of exacerbation and remission.

Evgeny Komarovsky claims that there is nothing unusual in pharyngitis - the disease occurs in childhood more often than parents used to think. There are kids who are diagnosed with this 3-4 times a year, but this can no longer be considered the norm. Quite often, inflammation of the pharynx and nasopharynx can be triggered by too dry air inhaled by a child whose parents are very fond of closing all the windows and maintaining a hot microclimate in the apartment.

Symptoms

Viral pharyngitis is usually acute. It develops against the background of SARS or influenza, which means that it is characterized by all the symptoms of these diseases - runny nose, current snot, headaches, fever up to 38.0 degrees. With such pharyngitis, the child will complain of pain or sore throat, it will hurt him to swallow. breastfeeding baby, who cannot complain about anything, will begin to refuse food, cry and worry.

Another hallmark of pharyngitis is a dry cough that torments the child, especially at night. Lymph nodes in the neck often become inflamed. Evgeny Komarovsky claims that there is nothing surprising in this, because it is through these nodes that the outflow of lymph from the inflamed larynx occurs. Sometimes on the tonsils or the walls of the larynx, you can see large red granular formations-granules. Then pharyngitis will be called granulosa (with damage to the lymphoid tissue).

Allergic pharyngitis develops most often also acutely, a short time after inhaling chemicals or allergens. With it, there are no symptoms of SARS, but it may well be a runny nose. The temperature rises slightly - up to 37.0-37.5, higher - extremely rarely. Dry unproductive cough and the pain when swallowing is also quite intense.

Bacterial pharyngitis is severe, with a rise in temperature above 38.5 degrees, with severe pain in the throat. On visual inspection, purulent formations can be seen in the larynx and tonsils, which are often confused with tonsillitis.

Main difference acute tonsillitis(tonsillitis) from acute pharyngitis (for the attention of parents) lies in the fact that with angina, the tonsils are affected, and with pharyngitis, the inflammatory process is more blurred, it also extends to the walls of the larynx. With tonsillitis, the child complains of pain when swallowing, with pharyngitis, a dry cough will necessarily be observed, as well as other symptoms characteristic of the disease.

Chronic pharyngitis is less pronounced, and sometimes it is noticed only during periods of exacerbations. A child with a chronic form of the disease often has a sore throat, often there is a feeling of dryness in the mouth and larynx, quite often a dry cough appears, but the temperature does not rise (at least until the next exacerbation). An exacerbation, like two drops of water, will resemble ordinary acute pharyngitis.

Treatment

The choice of treatment tactics depends on what kind of ailment the child has developed - viral, bacterial or allergic. It should be noted that even a very experienced doctor will not be able to answer this question. the most important question only on the basis of a visual examination of the child and an assessment of all accompanying symptoms. The doctor, of course, will say that the baby has pharyngitis, but only two simple analyzes will help to find out its origin: clinical analysis blood and throat swab for flora and sensitivity to antibiotics.

Without these studies, says Yevgeny Komarovsky, there can be no talk of any normal, responsible and conscious treatment of pharyngitis. After all, all three types of ailment are treated in completely different ways and drugs.

You should not rush to follow the recommendations of the doctor, who, having looked into the throat and established the fact of the presence of the disease, immediately prescribes antibiotics or prescribes several types. antiviral agents. Such a doctor should be asked to issue a referral for tests, which should show how and what is best treated.

Viral pharyngitis is more common than other types, since children get sick with viral infections more often than everyone else. Approximately 85% of acute pharyngitis are viral nature. Such pharyngitis cannot be treated with antibiotics, says Yevgeny Komarovsky. Antimicrobial agents against viruses show no activity at all, but increase the risk of developing a bacterial complication by 7-8 times.

The only thing proper treatment viral pharyngitis - plentiful warm drink, sufficiently humidified air in the apartment where the sick child is located, irrigation of the mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx saline solution(1 teaspoon of salt per liter of water). If the age of the child allows, it is possible to provide a gargle of the inflamed throat with the same saline solution. Locally for the inflamed pharynx, an antiseptic is used (for example, Miramistin), as well as lozenges with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Komarovsky warns that it is not necessary to use Lugol (and even more so to cauterize the tonsils and larynx with iodine), since this is much more harmful to the child than pharyngitis, which is not smeared with anything, treated or cauterized.

Allergic pharyngitis will require a more detailed approach. Antibiotics in the treatment of such an ailment are categorically contraindicated. The doctor may prescribe antihistamines - depending on the allergen (if its type can be quickly established). Salt lavages of the nose and larynx, as well as local antiseptics (except iodine), are relevant.

In addition, it will be necessary to remove from the room all objects that can accumulate dust - carpets, soft toys, books. The air is humidified to a level of 50-70%, ventilated and often do wet cleaning in the child's room.

With bacterial pharyngitis, according to Yevgeny Komarovsky, the question of the need to use antibiotics is decided on an individual basis. Not in all cases antimicrobials generally needed. If there is a need for them, then most often they use drugs of the penicillin group.

Diseases of the posterior pharyngeal wall accompany people throughout their lives. More often, this pathological process affects babies, because they have weakened immunity and anatomical features of the structure of the throat. It is useful for every parent to know how to treat acute pharyngitis in children. This article will indicate which drugs are best taken for illness, how to distinguish the disease from similar ailments by clinical signs.

As a rule, the disease is provoked in children due to the influence of infectious pathogens on the mucous membrane. respiratory tract. The inflammatory course in the posterior pharynx is caused by influenza viruses, herpes, adenoviruses, fungi and bacterial bodies. The most common form of the disease occurs in children.

Acute pharyngitis in a child is provoked by such factors:

• injuries, burns of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract;
• ingress of foreign bodies into the throat;
• infectious, viral damage;
• hypothermia;
• emotional shock.

Passive smoking also causes the development of this disease, since nicotine smoke irritates the throat, provokes the activation of bacteria. Children's pharyngitis is divided into:

• acute (treated for 1 month);
• protracted (more than 31 days);
• chronic (does not go away in 6 months, often worsens).

The neglected form of the pathology is able to proceed in the catarrhal, granular and atrophic phase. The disease can have an allergic, fungal, viral, bacterial and traumatic etiology.

Symptoms of pharyngitis in children allow you to notice the development of the disease in a timely manner. The most pronounced clinical picture during the onset of pathology. Symptoms are usually severe, babies complain of severe pain in the throat, the temperature rises above 38 degrees.

How to eliminate the inflammatory process in the back of the pharynx in children, the attending physician establishes. It is impossible to choose treatment on your own, especially in the acute stage of the disease.

The disease requires complex therapy with the use of pharmacy, folk and physiotherapeutic measures.

As a rule, treatment takes place at home, if the parents clearly follow the doctor's recommendations. At one year old baby pharyngitis is usually cured in the hospital, since constant monitoring and medical assistance is required.

Factors leading to the development of pharyngitis in children.

Symptoms

Clinical manifestations in acute inflammatory course in the back wall of the larynx are quite bright. Children feel burning, dryness, soreness, soreness in the throat, the symptoms are especially pronounced when swallowing. How to treat acute pharyngitis in children will depend on clinical manifestations diseases, stages of neglect of pathology. Symptomatic therapy helps to relieve painful symptoms, improve the patient's condition.

Acute pharyngitis in children symptoms and treatment:

• strong pain in the throat;
• shallow cough symptom;
• hoarseness in the voice;
• the temperature can rise and remain subfebrile;
• headache;
• sleep disorder.

In newborn babies, the disease is much more severe, the symptoms remain the same, a rash on the body, a runny nose, dysphagia, dyspepsia, and conjunctivitis are added to it. Severe course This form of the disease in children is sometimes complicated by the development of purulent otitis media, mediastinitis, retropharyngeal abscess.

The chronic course of the disease is characterized by discomfort and a feeling of a foreign object in the throat, a barking cough symptom. On visual inspection, the mucosa is loose, there are redness on it. The child feels nausea, vomiting, sore throat, soreness gives to the ear. Treatment of acute pharyngitis in children differs from therapeutic measures aimed at eliminating the advanced form of the disease. It is necessary to fight the disease with frequent exacerbations. This process is fraught with dangerous complications in the form of otitis media and meningitis.

With inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall of fungal etiology, the symptoms do not differ from the catarrhal and hyperplastic varieties. Cracks and ulcers are often observed in the corners of the mouth, the posterior lymph nodes are enlarged, there is a curdled coating in the larynx, over which a reddish eroded mucosa is visible. Treatment of pharyngitis in a child of 2 years of this etiology often requires inpatient conditions.

Signs of the development of pharyngitis in children.

Diagnostics

Only the attending physician can make an accurate diagnosis. In general, the diagnosis does not cause difficulties in determining the disease. It is useful for each parent to know how to distinguish pathology from catarrhal tonsillitis, diphtheria and other infectious diseases. When establishing a diagnosis, the results of laboratory tests, the general condition of the patient's body are taken into account. Pharyngitis in children under one year old is difficult to determine, since the child cannot make complaints, parents must do this for the baby, after monitoring his behavior.

Tests needed to make a diagnosis:

• rhinoscopy;
• otoscopy;
• auscultation.

With the help of a throat smear, it is possible to clarify the causative agent of the infection for the selection of therapy to cure a disease such as pharyngitis. Prevention of the disease requires maintaining the protective properties of the body, hardening, timely treatment of catarrhal pathologies.

How to identify pharyngitis in children.

Treatment

Often, the fight against inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall of the acute phase is limited to local therapy. During the development of the disease, it is necessary to create the most favorable conditions for the patient's recovery.

1. It is required to exclude the use of spicy, fried, sour, cold and too hot food.
2. The air temperature in the room should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius.
3. Oxygen needs to be humidified with the help of special humidifiers.
4. The patient is shown to be silent, without special need, not to talk.

As a local therapy, patients are prescribed disinfectants for irrigation of the oropharynx (herbal decoctions, antiseptics). The back wall of the throat should be treated with Lugol's solution, Iodinol. Medicinal and alkaline inhalation measures will ease the pain. Resorption of lozenges will help moisturize the larynx, relieve tickling and pain. Newborns who cannot independently take tablets and gargle are advised to provide plentiful drink use of antimicrobial drugs.

To prevent the occurrence of chronic pharyngitis in children, manipulations are carried out to restore nasal breathing, sanitize foci of inflammation.

How to get rid of pharyngitis in children

Drops for oral administration

Drops are used to stop the local inflammatory process in the nasopharynx, which occurs due to the spread of the disease to nearby organs. For the treatment of pathology, these medicines are used on average no longer than 7 days. Topical drops to eliminate acute pharyngitis are drugs based on antibacterial components, such as Isofra, vasoconstrictor drugs - Nazol and Naphthyzin.

1. Isofra drops are made on the basis of antibacterial agent local effects of framycetin. This component is effective in the chronic course of respiratory diseases. The course of treatment usually lasts 10 days. Uncontrolled use of drops is fraught with addiction. The drug Isofra has no side effects, has no contraindications.
2. The drug Nazol Baby is actively used in pharyngitis for the treatment of children, drops give a vasoconstrictive effect. The drug effectively eliminates nasal congestion, the inflammatory process in its mucosa. These drops can not be used for atherosclerosis, heart failure, glaucoma. In the form of side effects, nausea, sleep disturbance, and sometimes vomiting are noted.
3. The drug Naphthyzin also has a vasoconstrictive effect, it is used both for the treatment of pharyngitis and for acute and chronic diseases. Drops help to eliminate puffiness, reduce the amount of mucus. The medicine is contraindicated in children under 3 years of age.

In children under 3 years of age, the acute form of pharyngitis is usually accompanied by catarrhal rhinitis, an inflammatory process in the lining of the nasopharynx. Drops quite effectively eliminate these phenomena.

The drug for pharyngitis Isofra

Means Nazol for the treatment of pharyngitis in children

Remedy Naphthyzinum for pharyngitis.

Medicinal aerosols

Sprays are widely used to treat inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall in children. This form of preparations is convenient to use, aerosols practically do not give side effects.

What drugs are most effective for the treatment of pharyngitis?

Spray Based sea ​​salt— Aqualor. This substance gives a strong bactericidal

Spray preparations for the treatment of pharyngitis in children.

impact. To enhance the result, the preparation contains chamomile and aloe. Plants give a soothing, softening effect on the inflamed larynx. As a rule, Aqualor is used no more than 6 times a day.

Aerosol Lugol for the treatment of an inflamed larynx.

Aerosol Lugol. This drug is produced on the basis of iodine, has a bactericidal and antispasmodic effect. It is most effective to use such a drug at the stage of development of the disease. You need to process the throat 2-4 times a day. Within half an hour after using the medicine, you do not need to give the child food and drink so that the active ingredients have time to be absorbed into the larynx. You can not use this spray in case of iodine intolerance. The course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor individually. Newborns should apply an aerosol to a pacifier, which should then be given to the child.

Aerosol for irrigation of the inflamed pharynx Geksoral.

Hexoral. Apply it remedy Only children over 3 years old are allowed. The drug gives an antiseptic, antispasmodic effect. The tool effectively eliminates all fungi. The active components of the drug linger exclusively on the mucous membrane, therefore, malfunctions digestive system no. You need to apply the spray only in the morning and in the evening, as the result lasts for 12 hours. Geksoral effectively eliminates purulent inflammatory processes. The course of treatment is set by the pediatrician.

Aerosols act by distributing active ingredients directly to the site of inflammation. The tool also prevents the spread of infection to other organs.

Solutions for rinsing

Liquids for irrigation of the oropharynx in acute pharyngitis in babies are used as local therapy. With their help, it is possible to relieve soreness in the throat, relieve swelling.

1. Chlorhexine solution. To make a medicinal rinse liquid, you need to take 10 milliliters of the product and 30 ml boiled water. Since the solution cannot be swallowed, the procedure must be carried out in this way: the baby stands over the sink, and the parent injects the medicine from a syringe. Manipulations to carry out 3 times a day, for 2 weeks.
2. Chlorophyllipt. With the help of the tool you can lubricate the inflamed throat cotton swab soaked in a solution of the drug for irrigation of the pharynx. For 100 milliliters of warm boiled water, you will need 5 ml of medicine, stir the mixture thoroughly. The event is carried out 4 times a day for 14 days.

The above medicines should be used to treat a child when he is already able to independently rinse the oropharynx without swallowing the solution. Before buying a medicine, you should consult a doctor. Such drugs are quite harmless, but to avoid side effects, it is better to play it safe.

How to irrigate the pharynx with pharyngitis in children.

Preparations for resorption

Medicinal lozenges are easy to use, have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Lozenges often have a pleasant taste and aroma so that children do not refuse to use this remedy.

1. Septolete. You can use these lozenges for babies up to 4 years old. It is necessary to dissolve the drug every 5 hours, 1 tablet, until the symptoms subside. The course of treatment should last no more than 7 days.
2. Pharyngosept. Lozenges for resorption include ambazone, which gives a powerful antiseptic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect. For maximum results, suck on 1 tablet every 3 hours. Approved for use by children from 3 years. Babies up to 7 years old are given three things a day. The course of treatment should not last more than 5 days.
3. Grammidin. Lozenges are produced on the basis of lidocaine, this substance often provokes allergic reactions. Lozenges are prescribed for children from 4 years of age. A day is allowed to take no more than 4 lozenges. The course of treatment lasts no longer than 6 days.

It should be noted that lozenges from pharyngitis are allowed to be used in the absence of problems in the work of the kidneys. It is important to make sure that the baby does not suffer from such diseases before giving him pills.

Medicines for the treatment of pharyngitis in children.

Means for resorption Pharyngosept

Means for resorption with pharyngitis.

What is the danger of the disease

In the absence of a timely and competent cure, the acute form of pharyngitis in babies can lead to the development of complications. They are treated much harder than the disease itself in any of its forms.

What complications occur after pharyngitis in babies:

• the transition of the disease to chronic course;
• the spread of infection to nearby organs;
• the appearance of pharyngeal and peritonsillar abscess;
• rheumatism;
• tonsillitis.

The consequences of untreated pharyngitis can be avoided if you start fighting the disease in a timely manner. It should be noted that in children, complications appear much more often than in adults. Therefore, full compliance with all recommendations of the attending physician is required.

Prevention

To minimize the risks of developing inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall in infants, you need to follow simple rules that are aimed at increasing protective functions body and prevent contact with pathogens. Prevention of pharyngitis in children consists of:

• avoid hypothermia (they provoke the activation of pathogenic microorganisms present in the body);
• regular walks on fresh oxygen (1-2 times a day under normal weather conditions);
• in the room where the sick child is located, there should be humidified oxygen;
• in the room where the baby stays, you should not smoke, it is better to do it on the street;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning in the room;
• timely treat rhinitis, adenoiditis, sinusitis.

The child should be given vitamins during outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases. If the child is prone to colds worth sticking with preventive rules constantly.

With the help of this video, you can find out what acute pharyngitis is in children, the symptoms and treatment of the disease.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process in the mucous tissue of the throat. The disease itself is a symptom of a viral or infectious diseases. It always proceeds quite sharply and painfully, therefore it brings a lot of inconvenience and reduces the quality of life. As a rule, the disease often affects children different ages but adults are also susceptible to infection. This article will consider in detail such a disease as pharyngitis in children, the symptoms and treatment of the disease.

Cause of pharyngitis

Usually, the main cause of pharyngitis are viruses that infect the tissues of the throat. In medicine, there are several more reasons that can cause this disease. Among the most common are:

• harmful bacteria (streptococci, pneumococci);
• viruses that arise due to influenza or adenoviruses;
• fungi (candida);
• complications provoked by other ailments, such as sinusitis, rhinitis, in advanced cases, even caries;
• harmful chemical elements in the atmosphere;
• inhalation of supercooled or very hot air;
• natural and drug allergens provoke an unpleasant complication.

Acute pharyngitis in children is always accompanied by severe pain, which at timely treatment passes quickly. However, chronic pharyngitis in children proceeds quite smoothly and manifests itself when any infections enter the body. Reasons for the formation chronic illness lots of. They appear due to the abnormal formation of the nasopharynx with a special structure. digestive tract. Also harmful environment, allergies, problems in the endocrine and cardiovascular system and lack of vitamins (A, B).

Clinical picture of the disease

The appearance of pharyngitis is always accompanied by obvious painful symptoms. Among the main signs clearly manifested:

• painful feeling when swallowing;
• constant perspiration;
• loss of strength, which provokes lethargy;
• lack of appetite;
• body temperature rises to 40 °;
• general malaise and weakness.

The disease can affect a child at any age. However, it is most dangerous for babies under one year old, as it provokes swelling of the mucous tissues of the larynx, which can lead to suffocation. As a rule, the disease adversely affects children's body, causing lethargy, tearfulness, worsening sleep, loss of appetite. The baby often burps after eating, and on examination, the throat is red and swollen. All these symptoms point to pharyngitis, which requires immediate medical treatment.

Important! Dr. Komarovsky strongly recommends that young mothers not self-medicate, but show their baby to the local doctor as soon as possible.

In children, pharyngitis is quite common. The disease may occur in different forms, which differ in their manifestations, however, regardless of them, the disease requires timely medical treatment.

By localization, the disease is divided into several categories:

• superficial or catarrhal pharyngitis, affecting the surface of the pharynx;
• granulosa pharyngitis affects not only upper walls throat, but also lymphoid tissue. At the same time, nodules are formed on the mucosa, from the altered structure of the epithelium. They strongly irritate the surface of the pharynx, which causes dryness. The disease is always accompanied by severe pain and with a temperature of up to 40 °;
• atrophic pharyngitis is manifested as a consequence advanced disease. It is characterized by significant changes in the tissues of the throat and oral apparatus. This complication provokes a violation of the normal functioning of the digestive system.

In any case, whatever form of pharyngitis is established, it causes painful symptoms and requires immediate treatment. In order to prevent complications, it is necessary to seek medical advice as soon as possible. medical care.

An accurate diagnosis should only be made by a doctor. As a rule, he will be able to make an opinion on the main complaints of the child. Also, the specialist will carefully examine the baby's throat. The ailment is usually accompanied by soreness and burning when swallowing, and the surface of the throat is always red and swollen. Timely diagnosis, will avoid such a serious illness as tonsillitis. It differs from pharyngitis in that abscesses form on the surface of the pharynx.

As a rule, the diagnosis is established immediately. However, in order to accurately determine the cause of the pathology, the doctor may additionally prescribe bacteriological cultures or testing for viruses. This can be done by taking swabs from the throat. Based on the data obtained, a course of therapy is prescribed, which is aimed not only at eliminating the symptoms, but also treating the cause of the disease.

Treatment of pharyngitis in children of different ages

In the treatment of pharyngitis, it is necessary to take into account the age of the child. Since what will help a baby up to a year old will not be relevant to a child at 12 years old. Medicines for children should be prescribed only by a pediatrician!

Therapy of the disease in babies up to a year

In the smallest children, the disease is always quite difficult. The situation is further complicated by the fact that there is no possibility to use additional methods of treatment (for example, rinsing). At the first symptoms, you need to contact your pediatrician. As a rule, doctors recommend such therapy:

• if the disease proceeds in a mild form, and the baby does not have a temperature, then you can put a compress of mustard and honey on the throat;
• it is important for the child to drink warm liquid, it is necessary to give it as much as possible;
• the throat should be wiped with antiseptic preparations, which do not contain irritating ingredients (alcohol, menthol);
• crush the Faringosept tablet into powder, dip the nipple into it and let it suck on the baby. One dose should not exceed ¼ tablet. The procedure can be carried out three times a day.

Treatment of children up to 2 years

At this age, the disease is quite painful, however, not like in babies up to a year old. The child is recommended to put compresses, provided that there is no temperature, and also to carry out inhalations based on Borjomi or saline.

Treatment at home is accompanied by irrigation of the throat antiseptic sprays. For this purpose, Yoks and Givalex are used. These drugs disinfect the surface of the pharynx, which contributes to a speedy recovery. Important role regular airing of the room and maintaining sufficient humidity plays a role in therapy.

Therapy of pharyngitis in children older than 3 years

As soon as the child feels unwell, he needs to provide bed rest and regular alkaline drink. It is important for the child to adjust the diet, which excludes fried, sweet, smoked and sour. The diet must be filled with fresh vegetables and fruits. For treatment, the following activities are recommended:

• put compresses on the throat and legs;
• do inhalations from a decoction medicinal herbs and boiled potatoes;
• gargle with special solutions (salt, soda, Furacilin);
• irrigate the throat with antiseptic sprays (Akvalor, Lugol, Oracept, Geksoral, Ingalipt);
• dissolve lozenges and tablets.

Important! Pharyngitis responds well enough to therapy at any age. However, treatment with folk remedies should always be an addition to the main drug therapy.

Antibiotic treatment

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of pharyngitis is a controversial issue. However, if the disease has an advanced form, then therapy should be carried out only with the help of these drugs. If this is not done, then the child's condition will only worsen, since the treatment will not bring good results. For therapy, doctors recommend the use of such pharmacological agents:

• Biseptol;
• Bioparox;
• Hexoral.

Important! Acute prolonged pharyngitis can lead to atrophy of the mucous tissues of the larynx, so antibiotics must be used for therapy. They will effectively restore the health of the child.

For pharyngitis, doctors recommend the use of antibiotics local action. They have a more gentle effect on the body, as they do not disrupt the functioning of the liver and kidneys. For a more effective effect, it is important to combine therapy with corticosteroids, also for topical use.

Prevention of pharyngitis

Dr. Komarovsky, like many pediatricians, is of the same opinion that prevention is the best treatment for any disease. To do this, they recommend that all parents observe and accustom the child to such simple rules:

• maintain sufficient humidity in the room;
• try to avoid gassed and dusty areas;
• during the epidemic, it is necessary to take homeopathic medicines that increase immunity;
• try to warm up.

All preventive actions it is important to carry out in moderation and take into account the age and abilities of the child. Be healthy!

Unlike a sore throat, this disease causes inflammation of the back of the throat without affecting the tonsils. Pharyngitis can develop against the background of other pathologies of the upper respiratory tract, including rhinitis, tracheitis, laryngitis. The danger of the disease is that, if left untreated, it flows into a chronic form, causing great discomfort. Characteristic signs of pharyngitis are a hoarse voice, perspiration and a red back wall of the throat in a child. Treatment of the disease is mainly local, but systemic therapy with oral medication may also be required.

What is pharyngitis

In this disease, the lymphoid and mucous tissues of the posterior pharyngeal wall become inflamed without involving the tonsils in the pathological process. Pharyngitis occurs in 40% of cases of acute respiratory infections in children. The smaller the child, the more severe the disease and the more difficult the choice of drugs. At viral lesions pharyngitis develops as an independent pathology, but in childhood it is more often observed against the background of a cold, rhinitis, bronchitis, laryngitis. This is due to the child's tendency to diffuse lesions respiratory tract.

The reasons

Primary pharyngitis is associated with exposure to the pharyngeal mucosa of infectious agents. The disease can be provoked by intestinal and common infections, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. AT individual cases the cause is burns of the mucous membrane of the throat, foreign objects in the pharynx or damage to the throat during surgical operation. The most common causative agents of pharyngitis are the following pathogenic microorganisms:

• influenza viruses, herpes, parainfluenza, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses;
• bacteria such as staphylococci, meningococci, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae and diphtheria bacillus, corynebacteria, moraxella, diplococci;
• fungi, intracellular agents (chlamydia, mycoplasmas).

Pharyngitis viral etiology observed in 70% of cases, bacterial and others account for 30%. Its acute form is associated with such pathologies as Infectious mononucleosis, measles, scarlet fever, SARS. Chronic type of pharyngitis is more often diagnosed in patients with the following inflammatory diseases oropharynx:

• adenoiditis;
• sinusitis;
• stomatitis;
• rhinitis;
• chronic tonsillitis;
• angina;
• caries.

Risk factors for the development of pharyngitis include local or general hypothermia. There is a high probability of inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa as a result of the action of various irritants on it, for example, spicy food, tobacco smoke, dusty or cold air. Patients who have the following are also at risk:

• weakening of local immunity;
• removal of the palatine tonsils, after which there are atrophic changes pharyngeal mucosa;
• gastroesophageal reflux, which causes stomach contents to enter the throat;
• posterior rhinitis, in which mucus, in case of blowing the nose, flows down the throat;
• difficulty in nasal breathing, due to which unpurified cold air is inhaled through the mouth;
• allergy due to histamine that has fallen on the mucous membrane of the throat.

Types and forms

Bacteria and viruses enter the pharyngeal mucosa from other foci of inflammation. For this reason, pharyngobronchitis, pharyngolaryngitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis in children are diagnosed more often than an isolated form of pharyngitis. Depending on the nature of the course, the disease is the following types:

• Sharp. The inflammation continues for 2 weeks. The symptom of the disease is pronounced. Pain and sore throat, dry cough are more often noted. The cause may be infectious and inflammatory processes in the trachea or nasopharynx.
• Subacute. This variety progresses faster than chronic, but does not become acute stage. Some patients subacute form is a harbinger rubella measles or scarlet fever.
• Chronic. It takes more than six months with frequent exacerbations.

Taking into account the area of ​​​​inflammation, the disease is divided into 2 more types: common - the entire posterior surface of the pharynx is affected, limited - inflammation is noted only on the lateral ridges. Depending on the localization, chronic pharyngitis in children is represented by the following forms:

• catarrhal(only the mucous membrane of the throat is affected);
• granular(inflammations are located deeper in the lymphoid follicles);
• atrophic(accompanied by drying of inflamed tissues).

Symptoms

Pharyngitis in a child is accompanied by pain when swallowing, dryness, soreness and sore throat. Against this background, a shallow cough is observed, a hoarseness of voice appears. On examination of the throat, one can note the following signs:

• redness of the pharyngeal wall, soft palate and palatopharyngeal arches;
• grainy throat in a child with protruding inflamed follicles;
• hyperemia and swelling of the tongue, lateral folds of the pharynx.

The temperature with pharyngitis in a child is normal or subfebrile (37 degrees). It rises higher if the disease has developed against the background viral diseases. Then the little patient has fever, headache and swelling. submandibular lymph nodes. The following symptoms indicate the chronic course of the disease:

• obsessive cough;
• feeling foreign body in the throat;
• loose mucous throat.

Depending on the form and nature of the disease, very different, subjective symptoms can be observed. The main ones are the following:

• With a fungal form (pharyngomycosis). There are erosions and cracks in the corners of the mouth (jamming), cheesy plaque on the back of the pharynx, an increase in lymph nodes in the neck.
• With an atrophic form. Thinning, pallor and dryness of the mucous membrane of the throat are diagnosed. It contains hard-to-remove dried crusts.
• With chronic hyperplastic form. The child may complain of dryness and sore throat. Accumulates on the mucous membrane of the pharynx thick mucus which may cause vomiting. Against this background, hyperplasia of the epithelium of the throat can be noted.

Acute pharyngitis

Differs in a bright clinical picture. The child complains that it hurts to swallow, itching, dryness and sore throat. The temperature increase is insignificant - up to 37-38 degrees. If the disease occurs against the background of a cold, then all the signs characteristic of it will appear, including cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis. With an “empty throat”, the sore throat intensifies - this is a characteristic symptom.

In children, hypertrophied inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa is observed. Large and medium granulations are formed on it, which bring pain. characteristic symptoms acute form are the following signs:

• refusal of the child to eat;
• irradiation of pain in the ear and lower jaw;
• petechial hemorrhages in the area of hard palate;
• soreness and enlargement of regional nodes;
• drowsiness, apathy.

Chronic

hallmark chronic form ailment is considered a false cough, in which sputum is not separated. It is celebrated mainly at night. Mucus accumulates on the back wall of the pharynx, which the child constantly swallows reflexively. When examining the throat, its redness and granularity can be noted. Purulent plaque is noted only with a bacterial etiology of the disease. Other distinguishing features are listed:

• slight rise in temperature in the morning;
• dryness of the throat, because of which you have to constantly swallow;
• hoarseness of voice;
• feeling of congestion in the upper part of the throat;
• malaise.

Pharyngitis in the chest

The disease is much more severe in infants. Since they cannot say what is bothering them, it is up to the parents themselves to identify the disease. Predominant in infants general symptoms, expressed by signs from the following list:

• poor sleep, anxiety;
• occasional coughing;
• tearfulness and capriciousness;
• temperature at 39 degrees;
• regurgitation after feeding;
• loss of appetite.;
• salivation - salivation;
• dysphagia - a disorder of the act of swallowing;
• severe fever;
• rash on the body;
• dyspepsia;
• runny nose.

Complications

Most of the complications of the disease occur with improper treatment. The infection spreads throughout the body, affecting mainly the respiratory tract, although inflammation can also affect the membranes of the brain. The list of complications of pharyngitis includes the following serious illness:

• Otitis. Is it sharp or chronic inflammation different departments ear.
• Tonsillitis. It develops during the transition of inflammation to the region of the palatine tonsils. Also called angina.
• Sinusitis. It is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more paranasal sinuses.
• Rhinitis. This is an inflammatory process in the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, which is accompanied by swelling and congestion.
• Conjunctivitis. With this disease, the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane of the eye, becomes inflamed.
• Meningitis. The most dangerous complication in which inflammation spreads to the membranes of the spinal cord and brain.

Diagnostics

Complications can be more serious, the smaller the child. For this reason, when signs of pharyngitis appear, you should immediately contact a pediatrician or pediatric otolaryngologist. A specialist, after listening to the complaints of parents, may suspect this disease. To confirm the diagnosis, the following procedures are carried out:

1. auscultation. This is a study in which the sounds generated in the process of work are heard. internal organs. In children, the doctor listens to the noise that occurs during breathing in armpit, and then in the middle and apical lobes chest.
2. Pharyngoscopy. This is a visual examination of the pharynx, which helps to identify swelling, hyperemia, infiltration of the back of the throat.
3. Rhinoscopy. During this procedure, the nasal passages, sinuses and septum are examined.
4. Otoscopy. It is an examination of the external auditory canals and the tympanic membrane.
5. Examination of a smear from the pharynx for microflora. It is carried out to clarify the causative agent of the disease and the subsequent selection correct scheme treatment. More often prescribed for suspected measles, scarlet fever or diphtheria.

Treatment of pharyngitis in children

Therapy of this disease in childhood is often limited local treatment. It consists in inhalation and rinsing. For small children who cannot rinse their mouths, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids and drip irrigation of the mucosa with antiseptics. If the child already knows how to dissolve tablets, then he is prescribed lozenges with analgesic, antibacterial and softening effects. When there is a pronounced hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx, the following procedures are prescribed:

• adenotomy;
• quenching of the posterior wall of the pharynx with radio waves;
• laser cauterization of granules in the throat;
• cryodestruction of affected tissues;
• cauterization with silver nitrate.

So that pharyngitis in children does not worsen, it is necessary to take measures to treat the underlying disease: caries, tonsils, adenoids, intestinal dysbacteriosis, colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, etc. Taking into account the etiology of inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, systemic therapy is prescribed the following drugs:

• antibiotics- with bacterial;
• antiviral- with a viral;
• antimycotics- with fungal;
• antihistamines- with allergic.

Antibacterial agents can also be used topically, for example, such as Bioparox, Grammidin or Oracept. Regardless of the chosen scheme, treatment should be aimed at achieving the following goals:

• temperature normalization- Recommend taking antipyretic drugs, for example, children's Paracetamol or Cefecol;
• reduction of pain and discomfort in the throat- inhalations, rinsing, warm plentiful drink are shown;
• providing complete rest- prescribed bed rest;
• elimination of nasal congestion- it is necessary to instill vasoconstrictor drops into the nostrils;
• strengthening immunity- for this, Grippferon or Derinat is instilled into the nose.

Treatment of pharyngitis in children at home

If the child has no complications and high temperature, the doctor may allow treatment at home. An important criterion for recovery in this case is compliance bed rest in the acute period - until the temperature drops to normal values. Parents must follow following rules:

• give the baby only warm food;
• exclude spicy dishes that irritate the mucous membrane of the throat;
• regularly ventilate the patient's room;
• daily carry out wet cleaning and humidify the air;
• limit the patient's voice load.

Drinking is not only warm water, but also milk with honey or soda. If the temperature has subsided, then it is allowed to make hot foot baths. For gargling, it is worth using decoctions the following herbs:

• chamomile;
• oak bark;
• sage;
• calendula.

To eliminate unpleasant symptoms in the throat, inhalations are indicated. It is better to carry them out with a nebulizer. The recommended frequency of the procedure is 1-4 times per day. Borjomi mineral water, Furacilin solution or saline solution are suitable for inhalation. The latter can be diluted with tincture of calendula or propolis in a ratio of 20:1. Other measures to treat pharyngitis at home are presented in the following list:

• taking mucolytics for dry cough - Mukaltin, licorice syrup, Ambrobene;
• treatment of the pharyngeal mucosa with antiseptics - Miramistin, Rotokan, Furacilin;
• resorption of antibacterial and anesthetic lozenges - Dr. Mom, Travisil, Falimint, Laripront, Strepsils.

Preparations

Antimicrobial agents are effective only in the bacterial nature of the disease, when the causative agents are streptococci, staphylococci or other bacteria. For children, approved antibiotics are Amoxicillin and Sumamed. The latter is used especially often. The advantage of Sumamed is that for children it is produced in the form of a powder, from which a suspension (syrup) is prepared. In addition, this form of release has a banana or cherry flavor.

Sumamed syrup is indicated for children from six months to 3 years. The daily dosage is 20 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The course of treatment is 3 days. Older children are allowed to take tablets in the same dosage. Side effects Sumameda is worth studying in the instructions, as they are represented by a large list. Contraindications for this drug are as follows:

• simultaneous reception with ergotamine and dihydroergotamine;
• kidney or liver dysfunction;
• hypersensitivity to macrolides.

If the cause of the disease is a virus, then instead of antibiotics, antiviral drugs are prescribed, such as Viferon or Acyclovir. The first preparation contains human recombinant interferon. Viferon is used for influenza, acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, infectious and inflammatory diseases. Advantage - allowed even for newborns and premature babies. In addition, this drug is an immunomodulator, since it normalizes the concentration of immunoglobulin E in the body.

Viferon is contraindicated only in case of hypersensitivity to its composition. Of the side effects, only allergic reactions can occur. The dosage depends on the form of release:

• 1 suppository 2 times every day for 5 days;
• a small amount of ointment is applied to the affected mucosa up to 3-4 times daily;
• gel is treated with the lesion up to 4-7 times during the day.

Topical preparations

To relieve inflammation in the throat, a remedy based on herbal dry extract and essential oil Sage lozenges from Natur Product has proven itself well. Sage lozenges from Natur Product – combination drug containing a complex of biologically active substances (1). It has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and expectorant effects, and also has astringent properties (1).

Sage lozenges from Natur The product has vegetable composition with few side effects (1,2). Sage lozenges from Natur The product is produced in Europe in accordance with international standards production quality. (one)

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. BEFORE USE IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST.

(1) instructions for medical use medicinal product Sage lozenges.

(2) Allergic reactions - according to the instructions for medical use.

Antifungals indicated for candidal form of inflammation of the pharynx. A characteristic feature is a curdled coating on the mucous membrane of the throat. Diflucan children's suspension helps to treat this form. It contains fluconazole. The advantage is that it can be given even to newborns, but only after consulting a pediatrician. Diflucan is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to fluconazole. Side effects are best specified in the instructions for the drug, because they are numerous. The daily dosage of Diflucan is 3 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

Etiotropic therapy may include antihistamines if the cause of the disease is an allergy. In this case, Zyrtec or Loratadin are prescribed. To relieve symptoms of the disease, the doctor may prescribe the following remedies:

• Mucolytics- Mukaltin, Ambrobene, licorice syrup, Sinekod. It is necessary for dry cough to improve sputum discharge.
• Antipyretic- Paracetamol, Cefecon. Shown when the temperature rises above 38.5 degrees.
• Antiseptic- Miramistin, Furacilin, Rotokan. They are used to treat the mucous membrane of the throat in order to wash off plaque from it.

Folk remedies

Recipes traditional medicine in the treatment of childhood respiratory diseases is used only as an adjuvant therapy. The basis should be the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor. If the pediatrician allows, then you can additionally use the following means:

• In 1 st. warm boiled water dissolve 1 tsp. salt. Gargle with this remedy up to 3-4 times every day.
• Give the patient a glass at night warm milk with the addition of a spoonful of honey.
• Mix equal parts flour mustard powder, honey and vegetable oil. Divide the whole mass in half, put each on a separate piece of fabric. Attach the resulting mustard plasters to the back and chest of the patient, wrap with a bandage and put on pajamas. Leave the compress on for 2 hours. Do it daily before bed.
• Fill with a liter hot water 1 st. l. from a mixture of wild rose, anise and raspberries. Pour into a thermos, let it brew for 3-4 hours. Give the patient in the form of warm tea for 4-5 days.

Prevention

An important condition prevention of this disease in childhood is routine vaccination. To prevent any inflammation of the respiratory tract will help compliance proper nutrition and taking vitamins. The child needs to be provided with a daily regular stay in the fresh air. The list of preventive measures includes the following:

• hardening;
• limiting contact with sick people;
• ventilation of housing and regular wet cleaning;
• application of Oksolinovo ointment for the nose before going outside;
• timely treat colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis;
• avoid contact of the child with tobacco smoke and dust.

Photo of pharyngitis in children

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