Female genitourinary system diseases symptoms treatment. Symptoms of diseases of the genitourinary system

One of the most common reasons for visiting a urologist today is genitourinary infections (UI), which should not be confused with STIs. The latter are sexually transmitted, while MPI is diagnosed at any age and occurs for other reasons.

Bacterial damage to the organs of the excretory system is accompanied by severe discomfort - pain, burning, frequent urge to empty the bladder, and the release of pathological secretions from the urethra. In severe cases of infection, intense febrile and intoxication symptoms may develop.

The best treatment option is to use modern antibiotics, which allow you to get rid of pathology quickly and without complications.

Genitourinary infections include several types of inflammatory processes in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys with the ureters (they form the upper sections of the urinary tract), as well as the bladder and urethra (lower sections):

• – inflammation of the parenchyma and pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys, accompanied by painful sensations in the lower back of varying intensity, as well as severe intoxication and febrile symptoms (lethargy, weakness, nausea, chills, muscle and joint pain, etc.).
• – inflammatory process in the bladder, the symptoms of which are frequent urge to urination with accompanying sensation incomplete emptying, sharp pain, sometimes blood in the urine.
• Urethritis is a lesion of the urethra (the so-called urethra) by pathogenic microorganisms, in which purulent discharge, and urination becomes painful. There is also a constant burning sensation in the urethra, dryness and pain.

Urinary tract infections can have several causes. Besides mechanical damage, pathology occurs against the background of hypothermia and decreased immunity, when the opportunistic microflora. In addition, infection often occurs due to poor personal hygiene, when bacteria enter the urethra from the perineum. Women get sick much more often than men at almost any age (with the exception of older people).

Antibiotics in the treatment of MPI

In the vast majority of cases, the infection is bacterial in nature. The most common pathogen is a representative of enterobacteria - coli, which is detected in 95% of patients. Less common are S.saprophyticus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Entero- and.

The disease is also often caused by mixed flora (an association of several bacterial pathogens).

Thus, even before laboratory research the best option For infections of the genitourinary system, treatment will be with broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Modern antibacterial drugs are divided into several groups, each of which has a special mechanism of bactericidal or bacteriostatic action. Some drugs are characterized by a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, that is, they have a detrimental effect on a limited number of species of bacteria, while others (broad spectrum) are intended to combat different types pathogens. It is the antibiotics of the second group that are used to treat urinary tract infections.

Penicillins

First of discovered by man BPOs have been practically universal remedy antibiotic therapy. However, over time, pathogenic microorganisms mutated and created specific defense systems, which required the improvement of medications.

On this moment natural penicillins have practically lost their clinical significance, and semi-synthetic, combined and inhibitor-protected penicillin antibiotics are used instead.

Urogenital infections are treated the following drugs of this series:

• . Semi-synthetic drug for oral and parenteral use, acting bactericidal by blocking cell wall biosynthesis. It is characterized by fairly high bioavailability and low toxicity. Particularly active against Proteus, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. In order to increase resistance to beta-lactamases, it is also prescribed combination remedy Ampicillin/Sulbactam ® .
• . In terms of the spectrum of antimicrobial action and effectiveness, it is similar to the previous ABP, but is characterized by increased acid resistance (it is not destroyed in an acidic gastric environment). Its analogues and, as well as combined antibiotics for the treatment of the genitourinary system (with clavulanic acid) - Amoxicillin/Clavulanate ® , ® , are used.

Recent studies have revealed high level resistance of uropathogens to ampicillin and its analogues.

For example, the sensitivity of E. coli is slightly more than 60%, which indicates the low effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and the need to use antibiotics of other groups. For the same reason, it is practically not used in urological practice and antibiotic sulfonamide ().

Recent studies have revealed a high level of resistance of uropathogens to ampicillin ® and its analogues.

Cephalosporins

Another group of beta-lactams with a similar effect, differing from penicillins in increased resistance to the destructive effects of enzymes produced by pathogenic flora. There are several generations of these medications, and most of them are intended for parenteral administration. From this series are used the following antibiotics for the treatment of the genitourinary system in men and women:

• . Effective medicine from inflammation of all organs genitourinary area for oral administration with a minimal list of contraindications.
• (Ceclor ® , Alphacet ® , Taracef ® ). It belongs to the second generation of cephalosporins and is also used orally.
• and its analogues Zinacef ® and. Available in several dosage forms. They can be prescribed even to children in the first months of life due to low toxicity.
• . Sold in powder form for the preparation of a solution, which is administered parenterally. Rocephin ® is also a substitute.
• (Cephobid ®). A representative of the third generation of cephalosporins, which is prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly for genitourinary infections.
• (Maxipim ®). The fourth generation of antibiotics of this group for parenteral use.

The listed drugs are widely used in urology, but some of them are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

Fluoroquinolones

The most effective antibiotics to date for genitourinary infections in men and women. These are powerful synthetic drugs with bactericidal action (the death of microorganisms occurs due to disruption of DNA synthesis and destruction of the cell wall). They are considered highly toxic antibacterial agents. Poorly tolerated by patients and often causes unwanted effects from the therapy being carried out.

Contraindicated in patients with individual intolerance to fluoroquinolones, patients with central nervous system pathologies, epilepsy, persons with kidney and liver pathologies, pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and patients under 18 years of age.

• . Taken orally or parenterally, is well absorbed and quickly eliminates painful symptoms. It has several analogues, including Tsiprinol ®.
• ( , Tarivid ®). Antibiotic fluoroquinolone, widely used not only in urological practice due to its effectiveness and wide spectrum of antimicrobial action.
• (). Another drug for oral, as well as intravenous and intramuscular use. It has the same indications and contraindications.
• Pefloxacin ® (). It is also effective against most aerobic pathogens and is taken parenterally and orally.

These antibiotics are also indicated for mycoplasma, since they act on intracellular microorganisms better than the previously widely used tetracyclines. A characteristic feature of fluoroquinolones is Negative influence on connective tissue. It is for this reason that drugs are prohibited from being used before reaching the age of 18, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as persons with diagnosed tendinitis.

Aminoglycosides

Class antibacterial agents, intended for parenteral administration. The bactericidal effect is achieved by inhibiting protein synthesis of predominantly gram-negative anaerobes. At the same time, drugs in this group are characterized by quite high performance nephro- and ototoxicity, which limits the scope of their use.

• . Medicine second generation aminoglycoside antibiotics, which are poorly adsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and are therefore administered intravenously and intramuscularly.
• Netilmecin ® (Netromycin ®). Belongs to the same generation, has similar action and a list of contraindications.
• . Another aminoglycoside that is effective for urinary tract infections, especially complicated ones.

Thanks to long period half-life of the listed drugs are used only once a day. Prescribed to children from an early age, but contraindicated for lactating women and pregnant women. First generation aminoglycoside antibiotics are no longer used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Nitrofurans

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for infections of the genitourinary system with a bacteriostatic effect, which manifests itself against both gram-positive and gram-negative microflora. At the same time, resistance in pathogens practically does not develop.

These drugs are intended for oral use, and food only increases their bioavailability. To treat UTI infections, Nitrofurantoin ® (trade name Furadonin ®) is used, which can be given to children from the second month of life, but not to pregnant and lactating women.

The antibiotic trometamol, which does not belong to any of the groups listed above, deserves a separate description. It is sold in pharmacies under trade name Monural and considered universal antibiotic with inflammation of the genitourinary system in women.

This bactericidal agent for uncomplicated forms of inflammation of the urinary tract is prescribed in a one-day course - 3 grams of fosfomycin ® once (according to indications - twice). Approved for use at any stage of pregnancy, there is practically no side effects, can be used in pediatrics (from 5 years).

Cystitis and urethritis

As a rule, cystitis and nonspecific inflammatory process in urethra occur simultaneously, so there is no difference in their antibiotic treatment. For uncomplicated forms of infection, the drug of choice is.

Also, for uncomplicated infections in adults, a 5-7 day course of fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin ® , Norfloxacin ® and others) is often prescribed. The reserve ones are Amoxicillin/Clavulanate ® , Furadonin ® or Monural ® . Complicated forms are treated similarly, but the course of antibiotic therapy lasts at least 1-2 weeks.

For pregnant women, the drug of choice is Monural ®; beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins) can be used as an alternative. Children are prescribed a seven-day course of oral cephalosporins or Amoxicillin ® with potassium clavulanate.

Additional Information

It should be taken into account that complications and severe course diseases require mandatory hospitalization and treatment parenteral drugs. On an outpatient basis, medications are usually prescribed to be taken orally. Concerning folk remedies, then special therapeutic effect it does not and cannot be a substitute for antibiotic therapy. The use of herbal infusions and decoctions is permissible only in consultation with a doctor as an additional treatment.

Unfortunately, diseases of the genitourinary system in men of an infectious nature are often diagnosed. In this case, the inflammatory process is localized in the urethra, penis, pathogens even penetrate the testicles and their appendages, prostate and other organs. Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in representatives strong half humanity may end full recovery or go to chronic form with alternating periods of exacerbation at the stage of well-being.

Main pathologies

Medicine knows a lot of infections of the male genitourinary system, each of which has its own characteristics and methods of treatment. Infectious lesions of the male genitourinary system in medicine are grouped into subgroups:

• specific - infections transmitted from partner to partner during sex (viruses);
• nonspecific, the root cause of which is considered to be pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microflora.

Depending on the location of the inflammatory process in men, the following are possible:

• - inflammation of the urethra;
• balanitis - inflammatory lesions in the head of the penis;
• prostatitis - the prostate gland becomes inflamed;
• vesiculitis - disruption of the seminal vesicles;
• cystitis - the bladder is affected from the inside;
• epididymitis - an inflammatory process in the male testicles;
• orchitis - affects the epididymis;
• pyelonephritis: the kidneys become inflamed.

Reasons for appearance

Infections of the genitourinary system in men have different nature occurrence. Inflammation occurs more often in the lower parts of the system, which is due to characteristic features male anatomy. The causative agents of such diseases can be different:

• fungus (candida);
• virus (for example, herpes);
• bacteria (chlamydia, staphylococcus);
• protozoa (for example, Trichomonas).

The pathogen can be transmitted through contact of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, therefore the most common root causes of genitourinary infections include:

• sexual intercourse with unfamiliar partners without contraception;
• presence of sources of chronic or acute infections inside the body;
• transmission from a woman with vaginosis, sexually transmitted diseases.

Predisposing factors include:

• decreased immunity;
• lack of intimate hygiene;
• prolonged stress;
• hypothermia;
• mechanical injuries of the genital organs;
• abnormal structure of the constituent units of the genitourinary system (ureters, urethra);
• presence of dysbacteriosis;
• radiation exposure;
• bad habits;
• disturbance of urine outflow;
• stone formation;
• failure to keep the foreskin clean.

Features of the flow

Some infectious diseases men undergo differently than women. The main reason is the different anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary system. Manifestations of such ailments in the male population occur in aggravated form and lead to protracted treatment. For example, the male urethra is almost 4 times longer than the female urethra, which complicates the process of healing it. However, in this case there is also a positive point: the longer the urethra, the more difficult it is for microorganisms to get into the bladder or kidneys, since they overcome a considerable distance, during which they are exposed to negative influences of the body.

The main symptoms of genitourinary tract diseases in men

MPS problems in men occur in three forms: acute, chronic and latent. It happens that pathologies do not show their signs and therefore can go unnoticed in time in both adults and children. The main manifestations of inflammation of the male urinary system differ according to the location of the outbreak. In this regard, there are local and general modifications, which are characterized by the following characteristics:

• acute pain, burning and discomfort in the affected area;
• frequent urge to go to the toilet, especially at night;
• lower back pain;
• blood in the urine or presence of cloudy sediment, increased amount lymphocytes;
• uncharacteristic, sometimes with pus and an unpleasant odor, less often with bloody streaks;
• redness on the head of the penis;
• erectile dysfunction, ejaculation;
• acute urinary tract infections may be accompanied by malaise, fever, headache and nausea;
• sticking of the urethral outlet;
• acute urinary retention due to kidney inflammation, for example.

Diagnostics

An accurate diagnosis cannot be made by symptoms alone. The doctor must examine and interview the patient, and then prescribe a complex diagnostic procedures, the need for which is determined depending on the expected pathology:

• general blood and urine analysis;
• blood biochemistry;
• taking a smear from the urethra;
• excretory urography;
• cystoscopy;
• MRI, CT;
• bacteriological culture on Wednesday;
• kidney scintigraphy;
• provocation test.

To provide full assistance to men, they can be prescribed the following drugs that can defeat both primary and recurrent infections:

• antibiotics to restore microflora;
• uroantiseptics or sulfonamides;
• immunomodulators with reduced body resistance;
• medications with lactic acid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effect (for example, rectal suppositories) or gels, soap;
• analgesics and antispasmodics to reduce pain;
• antiperetics at high temperatures;
• swelling is relieved with diuretics;
• antihistamines against sensitization;

The chronic form of genitourinary infections requires that each drug is taken longer than the standard course for full recovery microflora. In more complex cases it is used surgical intervention to remove the affected area (for example, if it is difficult to neutralize the microbes that cause inflammation of the urinary tract) to stop the spread of the pathological process.

Infections of the genitourinary system in women are quite common. Every year, thousands of patients visit a general practitioner, nephrologist or gynecologist for various symptoms resulting from these pathological conditions. In most cases, after examination it turns out that the process has already become chronic and requires a long time to eliminate it.

Types of diseases

Infectious pathology manifests itself in a woman’s urinary tract as follows:

1. Pyelitis. Inflammation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidneys occurs.

1. . The inner lining is affected Bladder.

1. Ureteritis. It involves the involvement of the ureters in the process.

1. . The urethra becomes inflamed.

Very often, when visiting a doctor, it turns out that diseases are directly related to damage to the reproductive system.

A disease such as pyelonephritis in women is not classified as a urinary tract infection, since it occurs with damage to the kidney parenchyma.

Causes

Almost 90% of urinary tract infections in women are caused by E. coli. It is not considered a pathogenic microorganism, but when the rectum enters the urethra it begins to multiply and causes inflammation.

Another reason for these infections in women is the exacerbation of flora, which is constantly in the urinary tract, but with a sharp weakening of the immune system (severe illness, hypothermia) begins to multiply and causes an inflammatory process. In women, this phenomenon often occurs during pregnancy and after menopause.

What are the manifestations

In order to decide on treatment, you should find out how these diseases manifest themselves. So, assuming that a disease such as a genitourinary tract infection has appeared in women, the symptoms may be as follows:

1. Urinary dysfunction. It can be painful, frequent, difficult. There are cases of urinary retention due to spasm of the bladder sphincter. Despite the frequent urge, the portions of urine decrease because the bladder does not have time to fill.

1. The patient often experiences pain in the lumbar region, suprapubic area, and groin.

1. A change occurs in the urine - it becomes cloudy, mixed with sediment or blood, and sometimes sand is found in it.

Almost every disease listed above is characterized by similar symptoms. But the degree of their severity depends on the localization of the infectious lesion, the severity of the process, general condition woman's body. Thus, painful emptying of the bladder is observed with urethritis, and with cystitis it is observed frequent urination in small portions. And pyelitis is often accompanied by pain in the lumbar area and increased body temperature. The last sign may indicate the development of pyelonephritis, and is an alarming sign.

Diagnostics

To confirm a urinary tract infection in a woman, the doctor listens to complaints, collects anamnesis, conducts general and clinical trial. Additional techniques(MRI, ultrasound, excretory urography, x-ray) are used to exclude kidney pathology.

For the medical history, it is important to find out when signs of trouble first appeared and how long it lasts. You should also ask if you have had similar episodes before, this will help determine whether the urinary tract infection is acute or an exacerbation of a chronic process.

The necessary tests are blood and urine tests. You should study the results especially carefully laboratory diagnostics urine, they will show the degree of development of inflammation, its severity and severity. Bacteriological culture will help identify the etiology of the disease, after which it is necessary to determine the sensitivity of the flora to various antibacterial agents.

It is always carried out for a urinary tract infection, since it is necessary to exclude such a serious disease as. If damage to the renal parenchyma is suspected, a contrast X-ray examination should be performed.

In very rare cases, MRI and CT are used. With their help, the presence of a neoplasm, the degree of damage to the parenchymal tissue of the kidneys, and the presence of congenital or acquired anomalies of the urinary system are reliably determined.

If a urinary tract infection is caused by sexually transmitted flora, then consultation with a gynecologist or venereologist is recommended.

Treatment

Only a doctor knows how to treat a urinary tract infection in women. Diseases associated with organs that excrete urine bring not only discomfort, but can also cause complications. You should not self-medicate, as this can lead to disastrous results.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics for urinary tract infections in women are selected empirically. Usually recommended products have wide range actions that can deactivate most of the pathogenic and opportunistic flora(penicillins, macrolides or cephalosporins). If there is no effect from such treatment within 3 days, the dosage regimen should be reconsidered and the drug replaced. It is best to first do a culture test for sensitivity to it.

Antibiotics should be taken in a certain way. The course can last from 5-7 to 10 days. Treatment should not be interrupted even if there are no signs of disease, and it is also not recommended to prolong the use of the drug without a doctor’s recommendation. Sometimes combinations of antibiotics with sulfonamide drugs are used.

Relieve pain and spasms

Very often, during inflammatory processes, discomfort and tension occur when urinating. Therefore, to alleviate the condition and relieve the symptoms of burning and stinging, NSAIDs are used. They will relieve swelling, pain, and help normalize the process of emptying the bladder.

Spasms of the bladder neck during severe inflammation may lead to obstruction of urine flow. This phenomenon can be eliminated by using antispasmodics.

Natural uroseptics

Currently, the pharmaceutical industry produces sufficient quantity products used for urinary tract infections in women that are made with natural basis. They effectively help as additional therapy to the main treatment regimen in acute period, and are applied as prophylactic drugs during the period of remission.

Other means

It helps a woman with inflammation of the genitourinary system local therapy. This is especially true during pregnancy, since taking antibiotics can harm the unborn child.

You can use antiseptics in solutions or anti-inflammatory herbal decoctions for sitz baths. As local remedy Suppositories are often prescribed for genitourinary tract infections in women.

Diet

Products that can irritate the inner lining of the bladder and urethra are excluded for consumption. This is fat and fried food, canned food and spicy dishes.

For infection urinary organs a woman needs to drink at least two liters of fluid, unless there are contraindications. Recommended drinks include fresh juices, berry or dried fruit compotes, lingonberry and cranberry juice, mineral water without gas.

Reception excluded alcoholic drinks and strong coffee.

Prevention

To prevent the development of infection, as well as to prevent another exacerbation, it is recommended:

1. Dress only for the season, avoiding hypothermia.

1. Monitor genital hygiene daily.

1. If there are signs of decreased immunity, you can take a course of multivitamins, and severe cases– immunostimulants.

1. Treat everything on time accompanying illnesses and sanitize foci of chronic infection.

1. Use a condom during sexual intercourse.

1. In the presence of chronic pathology conduct a course of treatment natural preparations uroseptic and diuretic action.

1. Drink enough fluids and follow a diet that excludes irritating foods.

1. Eliminate bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol.

Most often, bacteria and microorganisms enter organs through sexual contact. Infections genitourinary tract caused by such microorganisms as: ureaplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia, gonococcus, trichomonas, fungi, treponema pallidum, viruses, etc. All bacteria contribute to the development of the infectious-inflammatory process, but each of them has its own characteristics.

Types of infections and their main symptoms

If there are bacteria in the genitourinary system, the following signs may indicate an inflammatory process:

• Frequent urination
• Feeling of pain and burning after urination
• Urine discharge
• Presence of blood in the urine
• Darkening and cloudiness of urine
• Lower abdominal pain
• Formation of condylomas
• Plaque on the genitals
• Enlarged lymph nodes in groin area
• Outer hole sticking

In addition to the main symptoms, the following signs are added: fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, etc.
Depending on the organ in which the inflammatory process occurs, there are the following diseases: vaginosis, endometritis, bartholinitis, salpingitis. The most common are urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis.

With urethritis, the patient is worried sharp pain before urination, discharge of mucus from the urethra, sometimes mixed with pus with a characteristic odor.

• (inflammation of the bladder) is characterized by frequent urge to urinate, pain in the lower abdomen and when urinating. The urine is cloudy, often mixed with blood. The patient may have a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. A complicated form of cystitis leads to the development of pyelonephritis.
• is a complicated form of cystitis. The patient complains of pain in the lumbar region, fever, chills, change in the color of urine, which has foul odor etc.

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma.
TO viral infections include genital herpes, condylomas, cytomegalovirus infection.

Infections are transmitted primarily through sexual contact, but infection through household, transplacental, etc.
All microorganisms and bacteria affect the organs of the genitourinary system and have an adverse effect on reproductive function women.

• is venereal disease, the causative agent of which is Treponema pallidum. The patient develops a chancre on the mucous membranes, and the lymph nodes become enlarged. There are primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis, which differ in the degree of localization of treponemes on the mucous membrane.
• Gonorrhea. The causative agent is gonococcus, which affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and genital organs. The inflammation process extends to different departments genitourinary system. The main symptoms are: inflammation in the vaginal area, the presence of mucopurulent discharge from cervical canal, pain when urinating, swelling of the urethra, itching in the vagina.
• . The presence of signs of chlamydia in the body is indicated by the appearance of pale yellow discharge, feeling of pain during urination, sexual intercourse, pain before menstruation. The danger of chlamydia is that complications can lead to damage to the uterus and appendages.
• Ureaplasmosis. Microorganism Ureaplasma urealiticum, causing ureaplasmosis, when it enters the body for a long time, does not make itself felt. The disease is almost asymptomatic, so women rarely pay attention to minor changes in the body. After incubation period the patient is bothered by a burning sensation during urination, the appearance of mucous discharge, and pain in the lower abdomen. If your immune system is weakened, any physical factors(hypothermia, colds, stress, large physical exercise) activate the infection.

• Mycoplasmosis. The disease manifests itself in the form of colorless, white or yellow discharge, burning during urination. After sexual intercourse, pain often appears in the groin area. With weakened immunity, mycoplasmosis pathogens can be transferred to other organs ( urinary tract, urethra, kidneys).
• Genital herpes. Unlike other sexually transmitted infections, it is characterized by the appearance of small blisters with cloudy liquid on the mucous membrane. Their formation is preceded by itching, burning and redness at the site of localization. In addition, the patient experiences an increase lymph nodes, fever and muscle pain appear.
• Condylomatosis. Characterized by the appearance of condylomas in the vaginal area. The causative agent is human papillomavirus infection. Condylomas are small warts that gradually grow, resembling cauliflower.

Most infections are asymptomatic, progressing over time from acute stage into chronic.
If you have certain symptoms, you should mandatory visit a gynecologist for qualified diagnosis and elimination of the infection.

Methods for diagnosing and treating genitourinary infections

At the moment there are quite a lot various methods studies to detect infection: rapid tests, bacteriological culture, smear examination genitourinary organs, enzyme immunoassay, serological method, PCR and LCR. Most precise methods identifying the causative agent of the disease are flora culture and polymerase chain reaction(PCR).

Treatment genitourinary infections is prescribed after a thorough diagnosis and determination of the form of the disease. For the treatment of genitourinary infections it is usually prescribed drug therapy. The patient is prescribed (Penicillin, Cefazolin, Ofloxacin, Lefloxacin, Azithromycin, etc.), bacteriostatics (Nitrofurantoin, Furomag, etc.), antiviral (Arbidol, Valtrex, Ingavirin, Interferon, Amiksin, etc.) and antifungal drugs(Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Irunin, Pimafucin, Ketoconazole, etc.).

In the attached video you can learn about diseases of the urinary system.

For each disease, a specific treatment regimen is drawn up. If it is violated, the dosage is inadequate and self-treatment may become chronic.

TO inflammatory diseases genitourinary system in women includes a whole group of diseases that can be localized in different organs. These diseases are united by similar symptoms, causes, and the ease with which the process moves to another part of the system.

That is why these diseases are often considered together - because common approaches to treatment, prevention and the possibility of joining one pathology to another.

Inflammation of the genitourinary system develops much more often in women than in men (almost 5 times). The reason for this is the proximity of the anus, vagina and urethral outlet, as well as the short ureter. Therefore, bacterial infection and the inflammatory process easily spread to a neighboring organ.

Inflammation is the body's way of fighting invading pathogens. An increase in temperature is defensive reaction and proof of work immune system against infection.

Inflammation of the genitourinary system is caused by:

1. Hypothermia of the body, reducing protective forces. This common reason MPS diseases in women. Clothing that is not appropriate for the season, sitting on the ground and stones, washing cold water, constantly freezing feet in inappropriate shoes.
2. , transmitted through sexual intercourse, as well as microtraumas of the genital organs received during sex.
3. Insufficient hygiene of the external part of the MPS, which contributes to the occurrence of infection and the rise of the source of infection in an ascending manner during internal organs.
4. The transition of inflammatory processes with the flow of blood and lymph from other organs and systems. In particular, intestinal inflammation or constipation, pneumonia can lead to the spread of the disease to the internal organs of the MPS.

Infection often occurs while swimming in open water or visiting public baths. The infection easily penetrates the vagina and spreads further. An easy way for infection is created by wearing short skirts and thongs together. With such a union, the outer part of the MPS is open to all infections.

Most dangerous reasons there may be oncological diseases.

Attention: untimely initiation of treatment provokes a rapid spread of inflammation to neighboring organs, increasing the volume of damage.

What symptoms accompany this inflammation?

Signs of the disease appear some time after the infection enters the body. They have some specific features, depending on the pathogen and location. However, it can be said that there are general symptoms inflammation of the genitourinary system in women.

These include:

1. Urinary disorders - frequent urge, difficulty emptying the bladder, pain and stinging. Sometimes itching, heaviness and burning are observed. Change in color and odor of urine, bloody spots.
2. Genital organs - rashes and neoplasms on the mucous membranes, atypical vaginal discharge with pungent odor, swelling.
3. Pain is localized in lumbar region back, lower abdomen, appear when urinating.
4. Common signs of intoxication are fever, weakness, headaches, sleep disturbances, nausea and dizziness.

Many women have discomfort during sexual intercourse and lack of desire.

Diseases that are classified as inflammation of the MPS can be divided into two groups:

• Most frequent pathologies urinary tract:
  • cystitis;
  • pyelonephritis;
• Common diseases of the reproductive system:
  • vaginitis, vulvovaginitis;
  • thrush;
  • adnexitis;
  • chlamydia;
  • gonorrhea;
  • syphilis.

These and some other, less common diseases are classified as inflammation of the MPS.

For appointment effective treatment inflammation of the genitourinary system in women is not enough to determine the symptoms; it is necessary to identify the causative agent and the location of the process.

Diagnosis

Due to the relationship between the genital and urinary organs, you may have to be treated by more than one specialist. Diseases are treated by a gynecologist, nephrologist, urologist, venereologist, neurologist.

Before deciding how to treat inflammation of the genitourinary system in women, the following examinations may be prescribed:

• general urine and blood analysis;
• blood for biochemistry;
• bacterial culture of urine to determine the pathogen and prescribe an antibiotic;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• vaginal smear examination;
• It is possible to perform CT, MRI, cystoscopy, urography, radiography with a contrast agent.

After the research, it will become clear which specialist will treat inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Drug treatment

Diagnostics allows you to identify the causative agent of the infection and select drugs to eliminate it. Taking antibiotics is mandatory.

Drugs for inflammation of the genitourinary system in women:

• antibiotics - to suppress the pathogen. These are Augmentin (Amoxicillin), Ceftriaxone, Monural;
• diuretics – Canephron;
• antispasmodics and analgesics to reduce pain No-shpa, Baralgin;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – Ibuprofen.

Attention: during treatment it is necessary to take blood and urine tests to determine the effectiveness of the drugs used and timely adjustment of methods.

Which often develops in women, drugs from the penicillin group (Amosin), fluoroquinolones, and the tetracycline group are prescribed. The course of treatment is 5-10 days, depending on the amount of inflammation.

In severe cases, if paresis (partial muscle paralysis) of the bladder develops due to inflammation of the genitourinary system, treatment may be replaced with more effective ones.

For pyelonephritis, cephalosporins (Cephalexin), fluoroquinolones, and penicillins are prescribed.

Inflammation of the genital organs:

1. For adnexitis - antibiotics different groups often combined, prescribed in pairs. Antiseptics local use for baths, compresses.
2. For salpingitis - also used joint use drugs (Gentamicin, Cefotaxime). Anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin E, anti-adhesive agents – Lidaza.

When treating inflammation of the genitourinary system in women, suppositories are often used - rectal and vaginal.

They are an additional therapy local action. Suppositories reinforce the action of antibiotics and have the following effects:

1. Antiviral and antimicrobial - act on infectious agents and prevent their spread.
2. Anti-inflammatory – reduce the intensity of the process, relieve swelling and pain.

They are recommended to be used at night, but in severe cases, when bed rest, possible administration every 4 hours. Using suppositories instead of taking oral medications reduces the load on the digestive tract.

Only a doctor can decide whether it is worth replacing tablets and injections with suppositories.

When treating MPS diseases, diet must be followed. It is aimed at reducing salt intake, getting the right amount clean water(up to 1.5 liters). Instead of water, you can drink rosehip infusion or fruit drinks. Recommended diets are Nos. 6 and 7.

Treatment with folk remedies

Medicinal herbs, as well as fruits, vegetables and berries are widely used in folk medicine to reduce inflammation and pain.

1. Watermelon rind is dried and added in small portions to drinks and decoctions to improve urine excretion.
2. Pour a glass of boiling water over the decoction of birch leaves (4 tablespoons) or buds (2 tablespoons), leave for an hour, adding soda on the tip of a knife. Take 0.5 cups 3 times a day.
3. Drink 0.5 cups of pumpkin juice 3 times a day.

Is surgery required for inflammation?

Diseases are treated conservative methods, taking medications and injections. If during hardware examinations (ultrasound) it is not detected urolithiasis disease or dangerous pathologies Ministry of Railways buildings, surgery not required.

Possible complications

Failure to see a doctor in a timely manner and poor quality treatment can lead to dangerous diseases. Women often refuse to take antibiotics for inflammation of the genitourinary system, hoping to get by with folk remedies.

However, these funds are not enough to destroy the pathogen. As a result, you may develop:

• endomyometritis, panmetritis;
• infertility.

An untreated disease will certainly return again and may become chronic. After treatment with antibiotics, it is necessary to restore the vaginal microflora.

Methods for preventing the inflammatory process

The prescribed treatment must be completed. Many women stop taking medications immediately after relief occurs, not wanting to overload the body with unnecessary chemicals.

However, you should know that the timing and dosage of the drugs are designed to completely extinguish the inflammatory process. Early refusal of treatment is fraught with the return of the disease.

In addition, women need to remember that after treatment for inflammation of the genitourinary system, extreme caution must be exercised. Prevention measures:

1. Dress according to the season - overheating is also not good for the body. You should especially be wary of hypothermia. You need to wear warm boots, trousers, tights, preventing freezing.
2. It is better to choose linen from natural fabrics. When wearing short skirts, it is better to choose closed panties rather than thongs. It is easy to catch an infection in public transport, park, institute. Besides, narrow stripes injure the mucous membranes, opening the path to infection.
3. When wearing pads, you should follow the rules for changing them. No matter how much manufacturers guarantee their antibacterial properties and convince them that they “breathe,” microbes multiply very quickly in them.
4. Cleanliness is the key to health. It is necessary to observe hygiene requirements and wash regularly. Do not use other people's towels, washcloths, or clothes.

A good way of prevention is walking, exercising without fanaticism, light sports, and an active lifestyle. The general tone of the body is promoted good blood circulation, improvement metabolic processes and resistance against infection. Then you won’t have to deal with inflammation of the genitourinary system and take antibiotics.