Why did the baby have a blue nasolabial triangle. Alarming symptom: the appearance of cyanosis in the area of ​​​​the nasolabial triangle

Cyanosis is accompanied by the fact that the mucous membranes and skin becomes cyanotic. With cyanosis, an increase in hemoglobin is observed, which is why capillary blood acquires dark color. Cyanosis is a kind of symptom that occurs in diseases accompanied by an increase in hemoglobin in the blood with 3-valent iron. In most cases, cyanosis is due to the fact that reduced hemoglobin (that is, hemoglobin that has lost oxygen and a compound in CO2) increases in the blood up to 50 g / l, and in some cases more. The norm in this case is up to 3 g / l. This pathology sometimes occurs in congenital anomalous forms hemoglobin. Sometimes it develops due to the formation of sulfhemoglobin in the blood, which is caused by poisoning with aniline derivatives, sulfonamides, nitrates. It can also be caused by absorption in cholera, food poisoning from the intestines huge amount endogenous nitrates.

Causes and types

Cyanosis can develop if there is too much carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Such a process is possible in cases where gas exchange disorders are observed in the lungs (the oxygen contained in the blood stops being replaced carbon dioxide) or when arterial and venous blood mixes. With thromboembolism and asphyxia pulmonary artery in a few minutes, and sometimes seconds, acute cyanosis develops. Acute pneumonia or a severe attack bronchial asthma can cause subacute cyanosis, which develops from 10 minutes to 1 day.

Chronic diseases of the lungs and heart can lead to cyanosis, which will appear gradually, gradually. Cyanosis is often found in respiratory and heart failure, so it is often regarded as a symptom of congenital heart muscle disease. cyanosis often accompanies chronic diseases lungs, in which, as a result of compaction lung tissue gas exchange has been disrupted. With circulatory disorders, cyanosis occurs in mild form. In such cases, as a rule, the level of hemoglobin in the blood increases, which combines with carbon dioxide and slows down blood flow. Polycythemia, in turn, leads to an increase in the level of red blood cells in the blood, and as a result, the blood begins to thicken, while staining the skin of the lips and face in Blue colour(nasolabial triangle). This form of cyanosis is fraught with various complications.

Cyanosis may be due to some external factors, for example, the cold season. In newborns, cyanosis is diagnosed in cases of insufficient development of the respiratory system. In some cases, cyanosis results from long stay at high altitude, because due to lack of oxygen, defensive reaction organism, as a result, the number of red blood cells increases. This condition does not pose a health hazard, it is called polyglobulia.

Cyanosis may indicate the presence in the body of such diseases as epilepsy, thrombophlebitis, bronchial asthma, diphtheria, pneumonia, Quincke's edema, cholera, shock, plague. Cyanosis is general and local, in origin it can be central (pulmonary) and peripheral (cardiac).

Peripheral cyanosis occurs due to the fact that the blood flow in the capillaries slows down, as a result, the tissues receive more oxygen and the blood is saturated with carbon dioxide. In most cases, this condition occurs with heart failure with a slow outflow venous blood.

If a arterial blood does not receive full saturation, then central cyanosis develops. The limit level can be from the norm of 85% or less. At dark skin facial cyanosis will be noticeable only when the rate is below 75%. Such cyanosis develops with heart defects, with a characteristic mixing of arterial and venous blood, respiratory failure.

Diagnostics

An arterial blood gas test can help determine the amount of oxygen in your blood. blood flow study, x-ray examination, an examination of the heart and lungs will help determine why the oxygen content in the blood began to decrease and why cyanosis began to develop because of this.

Treatment

With the development and progression of cyanosis, oxygen therapy is indicated. With effective treatment, the manifestations of cyanosis either decrease or completely disappear.

The appearance of a newborn baby in the family is always an occasion to give him all your attention and time. Caring mothers try to monitor any changes in the body, behavior and health of the child, so as not to miss a single, even the slightest, problem. Even slight redness skin can cause anxiety, let alone the possible blueing of the nasolabial triangle.

However, if the child turns blue nasolabial triangle, do not panic, as there are two options for the development of events.

The child's nasolabial triangle turns blue - a description of the problem

AT medical terminology There is a specific name for this phenomenon - cyanosis. It is associated with a significant decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood from the norm of ninety-two to ninety-five percent.

Even a slight blue of the skin near the baby's nose is a reason to visit a pediatrician and consult with him, as there are many reasons for such a manifestation.

Depending on whether the baby is healthy or not, the nasolabial triangle turns blue for various reasons.

Why does the nasolabial triangle turn blue in healthy newborns

The level of oxygen in the blood vessels can drop if the baby cries a lot and for a long time. The origin of the symptom is pulmonary in nature, and the problem does not go beyond the norm. If you establish in time why such a emotional excitability, and eliminate the source of discomfort, it will take only a few weeks, and the uncharacteristic skin color will disappear on its own. If the blueness does not go away longer, you should consult a specialist.

A bluish tint may appear due to the fact that blood vessels close to the surface of the skin are clearly visible through light and thin skin. In this case, the concern will be completely redundant. You just need to wait a bit until everything corrects itself.

The third reason for healthy babies, this is hypothermia. To avoid this problem, you should follow some rules:

• Control the air temperature in the children's room and, if necessary, dress the baby warmer;
• Use pleasant warm water for bathing, and also make sure that the air temperature in the bathroom corresponds to room temperature.

If hypothermia is already taking place, do not rush to sound the alarm. To get started, just warm the baby and provide him comfortable conditions at home.

Another reason is premature birth. It is no secret that they are extremely undesirable and sometimes even dangerous, since Airways not yet finalized. There is a risk of developing hypoxia, one of the symptoms of which is that the nasolabial triangle turns blue in a child at three months old.

The nasolabial triangle turns blue in sick babies

There are a number of pathologies for which this manifestation is one of the main symptoms.:

• Malfunction of the heart of the baby, for example, a defect in the organ ( valvular disease in which the flow of blood from one valve to another is disturbed) or acute heart failure;
• Diseases in the respiratory tract in severe form, for example, pneumonia or pathologies in the lungs. In addition to cyanosis, symptoms such as shortness of breath, bouts of shortness of breath, obvious wheezing, and blanching of the skin appear. Serious pathologies can develop due to a prolonged cold or virus. How more intense symptoms, the more noticeable the blue will be;
• Foreign body in the respiratory tract. You will notice that the baby cannot take a breath or coughs heavily, shortness of breath has appeared. The first thing to do is call ambulance, and in the process of waiting for the doctor - put the child on his knees upside down and gently tap on his back. In this way, you can push out a small object yourself and release your breath;
• Bronchial asthma and respiratory allergosis, provoked by prolonged exposure to the allergen on the organ. The consequence is hypoxia;
• Violations at work nervous system arising as a result of complex childbirth or an incompletely mature system.

In each of the cases described, a visit to the pediatrician is necessary.

Diagnostic methods for blue nasolabial triangle

In order not to torment yourself with assumptions and conjectures, it is best to immediately contact a specialist and undergo an examination. The following modern medical procedures can be used as diagnostic methods:

• Radiography chest;
• Cardiogram;
• Ultrasound examination of the heart.

A full examination involves the placement of three specialists with a baby:

1. A pediatrician who can prescribe everything necessary tests and procedures, determine the causes of the problem, prescribe the appropriate treatment regimen and / or refer to the next doctor;
2. A cardiologist who can diagnose possible pathologies in the region of the heart;
3. A neurologist who is directly involved in the study of cyanosis, along with parallel symptoms, such as trembling of the chin, arms and legs, nervousness, crying.

Once the exact cause is established, effective treatment can begin depending on the disease.

Respiratory allergy

The pediatrician must determine what became the causative agent of the disease - an infection (if there is redness of the throat and tonsils) or an allergen (if the skin turns pale and spots). In the first case, the pediatrician will immediately prescribe treatment, and in the second case, he will send to the allergist for test analyzes and a prescription for antihistamines, which relieve the severity of the condition. Once the allergen has been identified, it is enough to simply limit contact. little man with him.

Complication of parainfluenza or pneumonia

A complication of parainfluenza infection can be laryngitis, which appears if the disease is not stopped in time. It is accompanied by a dry cough, similar to barking, retraction of loose parts of the chest. Consequence - respiratory failure and cyanosis. In this case, it is advisable to hospitalize the child.

Similar manifestations are observed in pneumonia. In this case, the body temperature can be either low (about 37 degrees), or reaching a mark of forty degrees. Inpatient treatment involves the use of an infusion or drip method for severe cases.

Heart disease

Congenital heart disease is diagnosed by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. They prescribe an electrocardiogram, which examines the activity of the heart. Then the baby is sent for echocardiography to obtain information about the functioning of the valves, heart muscles, as well as the intensity of blood flow.

For all young parents, any change in the child's condition is an alarm. And of course, the situation when the nasolabial triangle in the baby turns blue is of great concern. Since such a condition can be observed in both a healthy and a sick child, we will take a closer look at possible situations.

The nasolabial triangle is an area on the face that is limited by the mouth, nose, and nasolabial folds. In newborns, this area turns blue in case of a decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood. In medicine, this phenomenon is called cyanosis, a decrease in the level of O2 in the blood to a level of less than 95%. All causes of cyanosis can be divided into pathological and physiological.

Physiological causes

This item includes indicators that are the norm and do not imply any diagnosis. The blue nasolabial triangle in the baby may be the result of:

1. Prolonged crying, at this time, the duration of the exhalation significantly exceeds the duration of the inhalation, respectively, less oxygen enters the body.
2. During breastfeeding the baby makes significant efforts, the vessels dilate and can become noticeable.
3. If a child is at a high altitude in relation to sea level for some time, then the level of oxygen in his blood decreases. The same happens with adults and does not entail danger.
4. When hypothermia is among the first, the nasolabial triangle turns blue. If after a bath or while changing clothes you notice such changes, just warm the little one. Is the unhealthy shade gone? So, you should not worry, cyanosis is physiological.

Important! Blueness, which is normal, quickly passes. If you observe a change in the color of the skin in other places, contact your pediatrician immediately.

Pathological factors

These reasons include conditions unusual for the body, talking about diseases. They are divided into three groups:

• States of central origin. In this case, the nasolabial region in infants often turns blue, accompanied by lethargy of the sucking reflex. Often seen after difficult childbirth, at increased rates pressure, head injuries, underdevelopment of the vasomotor part of the brain.
• Pulmonary origin. Complemented by the general pallor of the child, the blue color of the skin around the upper and lower eyelids. The cause can be any diseases of the lungs and bronchus, getting into the nasopharynx foreign object or passive smoking.
• Cardiovascular origin. Cyanosis is one of the first symptoms of birth defects hearts. It manifests itself already in the first days after birth, while hearing noises in heart rate not yet possible.

As you can see, the causes of the onset of the disease can be absolutely different origin, demand immediate or therapeutic treatment. But if there is still time before visiting the pediatrician, and fantasy draws the most terrible diagnoses, it is worth paying attention to general state child and symptoms.

What to pay attention to

An analysis of the baby's condition is an integral part of the life of a young mother, because the health of the baby, as well as her own peace of mind, often depends on her attentiveness. But do not rush to panic, if the area around the mouth turns blue in the little one, answer yourself the following questions:

1. Was there a lag in the development of the baby, how did the birth go?
2. Have problems been previously detected in the work of the heart or vascular system.
3. Is the usual rhythm of breathing preserved when the color of the nasolabial triangle changes, is there a cough.
4. What color is the rest of the skin.
5. What is the general condition of the baby, is there any lethargy or constant drowsiness.

If all the questions do not cause you concern, then you can watch the child. If at least one of the points takes place, then it is necessary to consult with a pediatrician.

When to sound the alarm

Nevertheless, in infants, any abnormal condition develops and progresses faster, so you must always be on the alert. It is necessary to call an ambulance in situations:

• If the child behaves sluggishly and indifferently.
• If the blue color extends to the whole body.
• If breathing is clearly difficult.

Remember that self-treatment cannot be here. Observe the condition of the baby, but in any case, contact the pediatrician, because the question is child health better to play it safe.

cyanosis - clinical sign a number of pathologies in which the skin of patients acquire a blue color. The reason for such changes is the accumulation in the blood of deoxyhemoglobin - hemoglobin, which gave oxygen to the tissues. Blood depleted of oxygen becomes dark, translucent through the skin and makes it cyanotic. This is most clearly seen in places with thinned skin - on the face and ears.

Cyanosis occurs in individuals with circulatory disorders leading to generalized or local hypoxemia.

With insufficient blood supply to the capillaries, acrocyanosis develops, which is manifested by cyanosis of the skin of the fingers and toes, the tip of the nose. This term, translated from ancient Greek, means "dark blue limb."

The severity of cyanosis varies from barely noticeable cyanosis to purple skin. Temporary cyanosis occurs when excessive physical activity, persistent cyanosis - with long-term cardiac or pulmonary diseases.

Classification

Central cyanosis is diffuse in nature and the maximum severity. It develops with weak blood arterialization, leading to hypoxia. In the lungs, gas exchange is disturbed, an excess of carbon dioxide accumulates in the arterial blood, which is clinically manifested by blue conjunctiva of the eyes, palate, tongue, mucous membranes of the lips and cheeks, and facial skin. Qualitative and quantitative changes in hemoglobin in the blood lead to a violation of its transport function and hypoxia.

Acrocyanosis is localized on the feet, hands, nose, ears, lips. Peripheral cyanosis is considered a normal variant in the first days of a newborn's life. Its origin is easily explained by the incompletely eliminated germinal type of blood circulation, especially in premature babies. The cyanosis of the skin is aggravated by swaddling, feeding, crying, and anxiety. When infant fully adapts to the outside world, cyanosis will disappear.

Acrocyanosis in adults is a sign of arteritis.

Cyanosis happens:

• Permanent and transient, occurring with low blood glucose or inflammation of the meninges,
• Total or general
• Regional or local: perioral, distal,
• isolated.

Local cyanosis develops in places with the largest number blood vessels, perioral - around the mouth, periorbital - around the eyes. Cyanosis of any part of the human body can appear with pulmonary and cardiac pathologies.

There are several types of cyanosis by origin:

1. Respiratory type due to an insufficient volume of oxygen in the lungs and a violation of the transport chain of its supply to cells and tissues. It develops when there is a complete or partial violation of the movement of air through the respiratory tract.
2. cardiac type- insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues leads to oxygen deficiency and blue skin.
3. cerebral type develops when the blood loses its ability to attach oxygen to hemoglobin and deliver it to brain cells.
4. metabolic type develops when there is a violation of the absorption of oxygen by tissues.

Respiratory cyanosis disappears 10 minutes after oxygen therapy, all other types persist for a long time. Massage of the earlobe helps to get rid of acrocyanosis.

Etiology

With dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels, the blood cannot fully deliver oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body, which leads to the development of hypoxia. At the same time, cyanosis appears against the background of fatigue, fatigue, headache, insomnia, chest pain, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and disorientation.

Cyanosis is a clinical sign various diseases internal organs:

• Heart and blood vessels -, varicose disease and atherosclerosis,
• Blood - and
• Respiratory system - pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleurisy, pulmonary edema, bronchiolitis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, infections, COPD, emphysema, breath holding, croup, foreign bodies, inflammation of the epiglottis,
• Poisoning with poisons or medicines - nitrites, phenacetin, nitrobenzene-containing drugs, sulfonamides, aniline, sedatives, alcohol,
• drug overdose,
• that last a long time
• Anaphylactic shock, angioedema,
• food poisoning,
• especially dangerous infections- cholera, plague,
• Small intestine carcinoid.

There are congenital familial forms of methemoglobinemia with autosomal recessive inheritance.

At healthy people cyanosis can occur during hypothermia, in high altitude conditions, in a stuffy unventilated room, during a flight without oxygen equipment.

Symptoms

characteristic areas of cyanosis

Cyanosis is a symptom of life-threatening diseases. With central cyanosis, the skin of the periorbital and perioral region first turns blue, then it spreads to areas of the body with the thinnest skin. Peripheral cyanosis is most pronounced in areas remote from the heart. It is often associated with swelling and swelling of the neck veins.

Depending on the time of occurrence, cyanosis is acute, subacute and chronic.

cyanosis does not negative impact on the general well-being patients, but in combination with other signs of the underlying pathology becomes a reason for going to the doctor. If cyanosis occurs suddenly, grows rapidly and has a significant degree of severity, then it requires emergency care.

Cyanosis, depending on the etiology of the disease, is accompanied by various symptoms: strong cough, weakness, fever and other signs of intoxication.

• Cyanosis at bronchopulmonary diseases manifests as a purple tint to the skin and mucous membranes and is combined with shortness of breath, wet cough, fever, sweating, moist rales. These symptoms are characteristic of an asthma attack, acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, pneumonia. With PE, intense cyanosis develops against the background of chest pain and shortness of breath, and when it is combined with hemoptysis. Sharp cyanosis and severe shortness of breath are signs of tuberculosis and lung carcinomatosis. Patients with similar symptoms require urgent hospitalization and respiratory resuscitation.
• In heart disease, cyanosis is one of the main symptoms. It is combined with shortness of breath, characteristic auscultatory data, wet rales, hemoptysis. Cyanosis with heart defects is accompanied by secondary erythrocytosis, an increase, and the development of capillary stasis. Patients develop deformity of the fingers according to the type drumsticks and nails like watch glasses.

cyanosis in a newborn with a heart defect and the characteristic structure of the fingers of an adult with an untreated defect

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle in a child occurs both in the norm and in pathology. In newborns, the skin is so thin that blood vessels can be seen through it. Severe, persistent cyanosis requires urgent appeal to the pediatrician.

cyanosis is not subject special treatment. When it appears, oxygen therapy is carried out and the main treatment is enhanced. Therapy is considered effective in reducing the severity of cyanosis and its disappearance.

In the absence of timely and effective treatment diseases manifested by cyanosis, in patients there is a disorder of the nervous system, the overall resistance of the body decreases, sleep and appetite are disturbed, in severe cases the person may go into a coma. This condition requires the provision of emergency medical care in the intensive care unit.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of diseases manifested by cyanosis begins with listening to complaints and taking an anamnesis. The patient is found out when the cyanosis of the skin appeared, under what circumstances cyanosis arose, whether it is permanent or paroxysmal. Then determine the localization of cyanosis and specify how its shade changes during the day.

After a conversation with the patient, a general examination begins, the severity of his condition and the presence of concomitant diseases. The doctor performs auscultation of the heart and lungs.

Then they move on to the laboratory instrumental methods research:

1. General blood test,
2. Analysis of the gas composition of arterial blood,
3. - a pulse oximeter is put on the patient's finger, which determines the saturation of the blood with oxygen in a few seconds,
4. Determination of blood flow velocity
5. Examination of the functions of the heart and lungs,
6. The study of gases of exhaled air - capnography,
7. electrocardiography,
8. X-ray of the chest,
9. Computed tomography of the chest,
10. Cardiac catheterization.

Features of treatment

Treatment of cyanosis is aimed at eliminating the underlying disease that provoked blue skin. If the patient becomes difficult to breathe, the respiratory rate exceeds 60 breaths per minute, he sits hunched over, loses his appetite, becomes irritable and does not sleep well, you should consult a doctor.

If cyanosis of the lips, palpitations, fever, cough, blue nails and difficulty breathing appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Oxygen therapy

Oxygen therapy can reduce the blueness of the skin. Blood oxygen saturation is achieved by using an oxygen mask or tent.

AT complex treatment respiratory and accompanied by hypoxia, oxygen therapy is mandatory. Inhalation of oxygen through a mask helps to improve the general condition and well-being of patients. Cyanotic seizures that occur during physical work or against a background of fever disappear after a short inhalation of oxygen.

The closed oxygen tent is the most expedient method of oxygen therapy, allowing you to adjust the gas mixture and the pressure of the injected oxygen. Oxygen can also be administered through an oxygen tank, mask, pillow, or probe. Centralized oxygen supply is carried out when using artificial ventilation lungs.

An oxygen cocktail eliminates cyanosis and other consequences of hypoxia. It improves the quality of life for many patients, restores strength, saturates cells with oxygen, improves metabolism, attention and reaction speed. An oxygen cocktail is a thick foam filled with oxygen molecules. With the help of a special oxygen cartridge, juices, fruit drinks and syrups are enriched with oxygen not only in medical institutions, but also at home.

Currently, oxygen concentrates produced in Europe, America and Asia are very popular. They are highly reliable, stable in operation, almost silent, have long term services. special attention deserve portable oxygen concentrates that provide patients with the comfort of movement and a mobile lifestyle.

Medical treatment

Drug therapy is aimed at improving the supply of oxygen to the body and its delivery to the tissues. To do this, patients are prescribed drugs that enhance pulmonary and cardiac activity, normalize blood flow through the vessels, improve the rheological properties of blood, and enhance erythropoiesis.

To reduce the cyanosis of the skin, patients are prescribed:

If the cause of cyanosis is heart disease, it is often possible to get rid of it only with the help of surgery.

Oxygen cocktails are also taken to prevent hypoxia in people at risk and with chronic heart and lung diseases. To improve the quality of life and prevent the onset of old age, you should follow the elementary rules and recommendations: treat chronic diseases in time, healthy lifestyle life, a lot of walking on fresh air, keep your health and love yourself.

Video: about heart defects - the cause of cyanosis in infants

Main symptoms:

• Blue nasolabial triangle
• Blue soles
• Blue ears
• Blue phalanges of the fingers
• Blueness of the skin
• Blueness of the extremities
• Blueness of nails
• Blueness of the mucous membranes

Cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes is the occurrence of an unnatural bluish tint on certain parts of the body and mucous membranes, which can occur both in a child and in an adult. According to medical research, this pathological condition is caused by the fact that in the blood there is increased amount pathological hemoglobin, which makes its color look like blue. At the same time, insufficient oxygen saturation of the blood is noted, as a result of which blood is not supplied to certain parts of the body in the required volume, which causes cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes.

In some cases, such a pathological condition is extremely heavy character because it is accompanied by suffocation. And if a patient in such a state is not provided with medical care in time, the risk of his death is high.

Varieties and causes

The most common phenomenon is acrocyanosis, characterized by a change in the color of the skin on the distal parts of the body, that is, the limbs, face. Acrocyanosis mainly develops in patients with cardiac pathology and may be evidence of development in a child or adult. In adults, acrocyanosis is also a sign of development, and some other pathologies. But also pathology occurs in infants who do not have anomalies in the development of the cardiovascular system.

Cyanosis is localized with this type of pathology on the hands and feet, on the ears, the tip of the nose and lips. For infants in the first days of life, acrocyanosis is normal, since his lungs have not yet begun to function to their fullest, which is manifested by an insufficient supply of oxygen to the blood. Acrocyanosis is more pronounced when the baby cries, makes excessive efforts during feeding, or shows anxiety.

It is important to understand that there are different types of pathological condition. Yes, in medical practice talk about central and local cyanosis. Central cyanosis develops when the arterial blood is not sufficiently oxygenated, which happens when serious illnesses, such as, erythrocytosis, and others. This condition may indicate the need for urgent medical attention to a person. This variety is also called diffuse cyanosis, and it has the maximum severity.

With local cyanosis, impaired blood circulation is observed in a localized area due to local disturbance blood circulation. This form of pathology is observed in places increased accumulation vessels - around the mouth, around the eyes.

The local form is also called peripheral cyanosis. The following pathological conditions can be the causes of this form of the disease:

• slowing of blood flow in the capillaries due to or squeezing them with a tumor;
• poisoning and organism;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• and, preventing a sufficient supply of oxygen to the blood;
• chest deformity as a result of traumatic injury with impaired respiratory function.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle is often diagnosed in infants, which indicates malformations of the lungs, heart and neuralgia.

In general, peripheral cyanosis is more common in medical practice than central cyanosis, since there are many more causes that cause it.

Symptoms

If the patient has such a form of pathology as acrocyanosis, which mainly occurs in infants, its symptoms will be blue nails, phalanges of the fingers and soles of the child, ears and nasolabial triangle, including mucous membranes. The cyanosis of the mucous membranes, nails and skin can be mild or severe - and the more pronounced it is, the more severe the child's condition, which indicates acute respiratory failure.

Very often, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, as well as peripheral cyanosis, occurs in people with pathological conditions such as:

• convulsions;
• drug overdose;
• food poisoning.

Symptoms of the pathological condition, manifested by cyanosis of the skin, nails and mucous membranes, differ depending on the type of disorder that caused acrocyanosis. So, in diseases of the lungs or bronchi, cyanosis of the lips, nasolabial triangle and mucous membranes is manifested by a dark purple color of this area, indicating a lack of oxygen.

In heart disease, acrocyanosis also occurs, but at the same time clinical picture complement other symptoms, such as:

• thickening of the phalanges of the fingers like drumsticks;
• moist rales;
• hemoptysis;
• dyspnea.

Cyanosis of the extremities occurs in the peripheral form of pathology, and is diagnosed quite often in both adults and children. At the same time, cyanosis in newborns, as mentioned above, can be both pathological and physiological in nature, therefore health care infants are required only when the cyanosis is very pronounced and does not go away for a long time.

Diagnostics

Acrocyanosis and other varieties of this pathological condition are not a disease in and of themselves. This is just a symptom of a serious pathology in the body of a child or adult, therefore, when such a symptom appears importance occupies diagnostics. First of all, if a child or an adult has cyanosis of the face, he is checked respiratory system, identifying the causes of lack of oxygen in the blood. If a child is diagnosed with acrocyanosis, that is, blueness of the extremities, mucous membranes, nails, they first of all diagnose disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system.

The main tests that are prescribed for patients with suspected acrocyanosis are:

• general blood test;
• blood gas analysis;
• blood flow velocity analysis;
• pulse oximetry.

Then, taking into account complaints and symptoms, as well as these tests, research methods such as electrocardiography, chest CT, chest x-ray can be prescribed.

Features of treatment

Acrocyanosis, as mentioned above, is a symptom of the pathological condition of the internal organs. Therefore, treatment in this case will be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease that caused the cyanosis of the face, limbs, mucous membranes or nails.

One of the methods that are used to treat this pathological condition is oxygen therapy, in which the patient is allowed to inhale oxygen, thereby increasing its concentration in the blood. Treatment with oxygen therapy is used in conjunction with other measures to treat heart or respiratory failure causing acrocyanosis.

Drug treatment is also used - drugs are prescribed that improve blood flow and increase capillary saturation. These drugs include:

• antihypoxants;
• bronchodilators;
• respiratory analeptics;
• cardiac glycosides and certain other drugs prescribed by a doctor.

Unfortunately, in most cases, treatment will be ineffective if acrocyanosis in a child or adult has developed due to cardiac pathologies. In such situations, it is only effective surgical treatment, especially often used in infants born with heart abnormalities.

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