What do Biseptol tablets help with?

Pathogenic bacteria are present in the surrounding space of a person, and therefore in his body. immune cells do not allow pathogenic microflora to develop, but with weakened immunity or other factors, microbes begin to actively multiply in the body, causing various diseases.

Pathogenic microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Since these are different biological objects, the treatment should be prescribed in accordance with the pathogen. The doctor prescribes the medicine that will be effective in the fight against this or that microbe. One of the most commonly prescribed drugs against bacteria is Biseptol. What Biseptol helps from and how to take it, we will consider in the article.

For the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, two types of drugs are prescribed: antibacterial and antimicrobial. The former contain substances that kill bacterial cells, while the latter inhibit protein synthesis in an enemy cell and stop its vital activity.

The active ingredients of Biseptol do not have components that are present in the natural environment, and therefore the drug does not belong to the group of antibiotics. In other words, the drug is completely synthetic.

The composition of the medicine:

• sulfamethoxazole - basic active ingredient stops the growth and development of bacteria;
• trimetroprin - has an auxiliary effect, prevents the restoration and reproduction of pathogenic microflora.

Co-trimozole is a synonym for sulfonamides. It is part of Trimethoprim, an antibiotic that is widely used to treat diseases of the urinary system.

Pharmachologic effect:

The bacteriostatic property of the drug is achieved by blocking the active substances of biosynthesis folic acid in bacterial cells. Folic acid is involved in metabolic processes, in which microbial protein synthesis occurs with the help of nucleic acids. Violation of biochemical reactions in the cell leads to a cessation of reproduction and to its death from the inside.

Biseptol actively affects the following microorganisms:

• gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria;
• protozoa;
• staphylococci;
• toxoplasma;
• streptococci;
• mushrooms;
• coli.

Shows resistance to sulfonamides pathogenic microflora that causes syphilis and tuberculosis.

Indications for use

Biseptol is indicated for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to active substances component. Asking the question: “What does Biseptol help from?” It should be understood that you can not self-medicate. It is true to determine whether the drug will be effective or not, only the doctor can after examining the patient.

• The medicine helps with inflammatory diseases bodies respiratory system: rhinitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, laryngitis and others.
• Bispetol is often prescribed for infectious lesions of organs genitourinary system: prostatitis, inflammation of the uterine appendages, pathological processes in the kidneys, bladder, urethra.
• The drug is effective for the treatment of organs digestive system: inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), inflammatory processes in the small and large intestines (enterocolitis), gastritis.
• Biseptol is prescribed for pathologies of ENT organs accompanied by infection: inflammation maxillary sinuses(sinusitis), inflammatory processes occurring in the inner and outer ear (otitis media), purulent inflammation in the tonsils.

Therapeutic effect on prostatitis

Biseptol for prostatitis is one of the most strong medicines to fight disease. It is prescribed if the pathology of the prostate gland is infectious. The active ingredients of the drug penetrate deep into the tissues of the prostate, stopping the development pathogenic bacteria. Reducing the number and activity of bacteria reduces pain, swelling of the prostate, eliminates other symptoms.

note

Prostatitis should be treated with Biseptol only on the recommendation of a doctor. Self-medication can be useless or even harmful. After the examination, the specialist will calculate the dosage that will be optimal.

It is necessary to take the drug for inflammation in the prostate for at least two weeks. The first few days the doctor prescribes maximum dosage, which then decreases. The patient feels relief after 2-3 days, but it is important not to interrupt the course of treatment, as bacteria can develop resistance to the drug. This, in turn, can lead to a chronic form of prostatitis that is difficult to treat.

Some patients believe that since Biseptol is not an antibiotic, it can be taken uncontrollably, but this is not so. The drug has serious side effects, and an increased dose of medication will not cure prostatitis faster. It is necessary to follow the treatment regimen for inflammation of the prostate and follow all the recommendations of the doctor.

Therapeutic effect on other pathologies

Biseptol is prescribed for many inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system and ENT organs. And, sometimes, people believe that it can be taken for acute respiratory infections, but in this case the drug is useless, since these diseases are caused by viruses. But sore throat, tonsillitis, sinusitis and other diseases complicated by bacterial microflora, Biseptol treats perfectly.

Biseptol treatment should be treated with caution when it comes to children. Even if in the past the doctor prescribed a drug for the treatment of, for example, tonsillitis, then with recurrence Under no circumstances should you give your child medicine on their own.

Otherwise, the bacteria will become resistant, and sore throat will appear again and again.

The therapeutic effect of sulfonamides on various organs manifests itself in the same way, since the principle of influencing bacterial cells is the same. But the doctor determines the dosage and course of treatment individually.

Before you start taking the drug, you must exclude contraindications. Biseptol is not used in the following cases:

• anemia ( low level folic acid);
• hypersensitivity to active ingredients;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• severe renal dysfunction;
• children's hyperbilirubinemia;
• damage to the liver parenchyma;
• at risk of developing hemolysis.

When you receive medicinal product caution should be exercised in persons suffering from bronchial asthma and pathologies in the thyroid gland.

The drug may adversely affect different systems organism: nervous, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, hematopoietic system.

Taking the drug may be accompanied by the following side effects:

• dizziness and pain in the head;
• depression, apathy and peripheral neuritis;
• abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting;
• urticaria, rash, erythema;
• cough, choking, bronchospasm;
• anemia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia;
• increased urea concentration, impaired renal function;
• myalgia, arthralgia.

How to take Biseptol for children and adults

For ease of use, Biseptol is available in different dosage forms.

1. Tablet form available in two dosages:
   • 120 mg - for children;
   • 480 mg - for adults.
2. Suspension for children with a strawberry scent in a bottle of 80 ml. 1 dose - 5 ml contains 240 mg of active substances.
3. Concentrate for solution preparation for the purpose of infusion. 1 ampoule contains 480 mg of active substances.

How to take Biseptol and in what dosage forms depends on the disease and age of the patient.

Treatment in adolescents and adults:

The minimum dose for treatment over 14 days is 480 mg every 12 hours. The standard dosage is 960 mg twice a day, in severe infections the dose is increased to 1440 mg every 12 hours.

• Infection treatment course respiratory tract and ENT organs is ten days.
• Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system ranges from fourteen to twenty-one days.
• Diseases gastrointestinal tract treated for at least five days.
• Therapy of infectious diseases of the genital organs (soft chancre) is carried out from seven to fourteen days.
• For the treatment of acute infections urinary tract in women, "shock" therapy is carried out, in which a single dose is up to 2880 mg.
• Pneumonia is treated with 960 mg twice a day. Individual dosage is calculated as 30 mg/kg.
• Nocardiosis is treated at a dosage of 2880 mg for at least three months, acute brucellosis - four weeks, typhoid fever- three months.

How to drink Biseptol tablets and suspensions?

Tablets are drunk every 12 hours, so the medication should be taken in the morning and evening. The drug should be taken only after meals, the tablet is washed down large quantity pure water.

You can not drink the medicine on an empty stomach, otherwise it may cause side effects.

Treatment in children

Up to five years, the drug is prescribed in a standard dosage of 240 mg in the morning and evening. From six to twelve years - 480 mg twice a day. The duration of treatment is seven days.

Children from two one month old up to six months, at birth from a mother infected with HIV, the dosage is 120 mg.

Children Biseptol are most often prescribed for treatment intestinal infections, tonsillitis, otitis, laryngitis and other infectious diseases of the respiratory tract.

The syrup is used from the age of two months, and tablets of 120 mg - from two years.

With an individual dosage, the suspension is calculated based on 36 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight.

How to drink Biseptol in suspension?

The medicine should be given to the child after meals, it is advisable to observe the time interval between taking the suspension, which is 12 hours. The medicine is drawn with a special measuring syringe through the neck of the vial. Before drawing up the suspension, the bottle must be shaken well so that the liquid is shaken. There are special divisions on the syringe that determine the dosage.

Biseptol suspension has a pleasant berry taste, so children drink it easily. If the child wants to drink the medicine, then you can give him clean water.

It is important to give the child the medicine in exactly the dose prescribed by the doctor; in no case should one show independence in this matter.

The minimum dosage is calculated as follows:

• up to six months - 2.5 ml in the morning and evening;
• up to three years of age - 2.5-5 ml twice a day;
• up to six years of age - 5-10 ml every 12 hours;
• up to twelve years - 10 ml every 12 hours.

Prices:

• Tablets 120 mg 20 pieces - 30 rubles;
• Tablets 480 mg 28 pieces - 90 rubles;
• Suspension 240 mg / 80 ml - 120 rubles.

How are Erespal and Biseptol combined when taking?

Biseptol does not combine well with different drugs and alcohol. In inflammatory diseases of an infectious nature, it is prescribed first of all, if the medicine does not help, then the doctor corrects the treatment.

Erespal is prescribed for the treatment of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The drugs have different pharmachologic effect on the body, therefore, the attending physician will best answer the question of combining the methods of Erespal and Biseptol.

Pharmachologic effect:
The combination of these two products, each of which has a bacteriostatic (preventing the growth of bacteria) effect, provides high bactericidal (destroying bacteria) activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including bacteria resistant to sulfanilamide products.
The bactericidal effect is associated with a double blocking effect of bactrim on the metabolism (metabolism) of bacteria. Sulfamethoxazole disrupts the biosynthesis of dihydrofolic acid, and trimethoprim blocks the next stage of metabolism - the restoration of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, which is necessary for the development of microorganisms. The choice of sulfamethoxazole as a component of bactrim is due to the fact that it has the same elimination rate (removal rate) with trimethoprim.
The drug is effective against streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, dysentery bacillus, typhoid fever, coli, protea; ineffective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spirochetes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The drug is rapidly absorbed when taken orally. Maximum concentration in the blood is noted after 1-3 hours after administration and is stored for 7 hours. High concentrations are created in the lungs and kidneys. It is excreted in a significant amount in the urine (40-50% of trimethoprim and within 60% of sulfamethoxazole are excreted within 24 hours, mainly in acetylated form).

Biseptol method of administration and dose:
Before prescribing a product to a patient, it is desirable to determine the susceptibility of the microflora to it that caused the disease in this patient. Adults and children over 12 years of age are usually prescribed 4 tablets (or 2 forte tablets, or 8 measuring spoons of syrup) in a daily dose. The minimum daily dose for long-term therapy (more than 14 days) is 2 tablets (or 1 forte tablet, or 4 measuring spoons of syrup). The maximum daily dose (for the treatment of especially severe cases) -6 tablets (or 3 forte tablets, or 12 measuring spoons of syrup). The daily dose is divided into 2 doses (morning and evening). The drug is taken after meals with enough liquids. In acute infections, treatment with the product is carried out for 5 days or until the sick person has no symptoms of an infectious disease for 2 days.
For gonorrhea, the product is prescribed for one day at a daily dose of 10 tablets (5 forte tablets, or 20 measuring spoons of syrup), divided into 2 doses (morning and evening). For acute uncomplicated infections urinary tract in women, it is recommended to prescribe 2-3 forte tablets at a time. It is advisable to take the tablets in the evening after meals or before going to bed.
With pneumocystosis ( acute form inflammation of the lungs; observed more often in weakened babies during the first months of life), caused by Pneumocystiscarinii, is prescribed in a daily dose of sulfamethoxazole up to 0.1 g / kg of body weight and trimethoprim up to 0.02 g / kg. Assign after 6 hours. The course of treatment is 14 days.
For children under 12 years of age, the product is prescribed as a syrup in a daily dose of sulfamethoxazole 0.03 g and trimethoprim 0.006 g. The syrup is taken 2 times a day (morning and evening). For severe infections daily dose can be increased by about 50%.
For patients with impaired renal function, the dose is set depending on the amount of creatinine clearance (the rate of blood purification from final product nitrogen metabolism - creatinine). With a creatinine clearance greater than 30 ml / min, dose adjustment is not required; at 15-30 ml / min, half the usual dose is used; with a creatinine clearance of less than 15 ml / min, the use of the product is not recommended. Elderly patients may also require dose adjustment.
The drug should be used under close medical supervision.

Biseptol contraindications:
Increased susceptibility to sulfonamides, diseases of the hematopoietic system, impaired liver and kidney function, pregnancy. The drug should not be administered to premature babies and newborns. Biseptol should be used with caution in children early age. When treating with the product, it is necessary to carefully monitor the blood picture.

Biseptol side effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, allergic reactions, nephropathy ( common name some kidney diseases). Leukopenia (decreased white blood cell count) and agranulocytosis may develop ( a sharp decline the number of granulocytes in the blood).

Release form:
Tablets in a pack of 20 pcs. The drug is available in tablets in two dosages: for adults, containing 0.4 g (400 mg) of sulfamethoxazole and 0.08 g (80 mg) of trimethoprim in one tablet; for babies containing 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 20 mg of trimethoprim in one tablet.
For adults, tablets “bactrim forte” are also produced, containing 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim, and for babies - syrup, 1 ml of which contains 40 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 8 mg of trimethoprim (a suspension of white with a yellowish tint in 100 ml bottles ).

Synonyms:
Bactrim, Septrin, Abacin, Abactrim, Andoprim, Bacterial, Bacticel, Bactifer, Bactramin, Bactramel, Bactrizol, Berlocid, Hemitrin, Doctonil, Ectapprim, Ekspektrin, Falprin, Gantrin, Infectrim, Metomid, Microcetim, Nola "ps, Oradin, Oribact, Potecept, Primazol, Resprim, Septocid, Sumetrolim, Trimexazole, Trixazole, Uroxen, Vanadil, Aposulfatrin, Bactecod, Bactreduct, Blackson, Groseptol, Cotribene, Cotrim, Cotrimol, Eriprim, Primotren, Rancotrim, Sulfatrim, Trimesol, Expazole, Novotrimed, Oriprim, Sinersul, Cotrimaxol, Cotrimaxazole, Sulotrim, Trimosul.

Storage conditions:
List B. In a dry, dark place.

Biseptol composition:
Tablets for adults contain 0.4 g (400 mg) of sulfamethoxazole and 0.08 g (80 mg) of trimethoprim. Tablets for babies contain 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 20 mg of trimethoprim in one tablet.
Tablets "Bactrim forte", containing 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim. 1 ml of syrup contains 40 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 8 mg of trimethoprim (suspension of white with a yellowish tint in 100 ml vials).

Attention!
Before using the medication "Biseptol" you need to consult a doctor.
The instructions are provided solely for familiarization with " Biseptol».

Respiratory infections (bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess empyema, otitis, sinusitis); - infections of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, urethritis, salpingitis, prostatitis), incl. gonorrheal nature; - infections of the gastrointestinal tract (dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid, diarrhea); - infections of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis, etc.).

Release form of the drug Biseptol

Tablets 120 mg; blister 20 cardboard pack 1; Tablets 480 mg; blister 20 cardboard pack 1;

Pharmacodynamics of the drug Biseptol

Is a bactericidal drug a wide range action, active against the following microorganisms: Streptococcus spp. (hemolytic strains are more sensitive to penicillin), Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli (including enterotoxigenic strains), Salmonella spp. (including Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi), Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus anthracis, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), Listeria spp., Nocardia asteroides, Bordetella pertussis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pasteurella spp., Francisella tularensis, Brucella spp., Mycobacterium spp. (including Mycobacterium leprae), Citrobacter, Enterobacter spp., Legionella pneumophila, Providencia, some types of Pseudomonas (except Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Serratia marcescens, Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Morganella spp., Pneumocystis carinii, Chlamydia spp., (including Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci); protozoa: Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, pathogenic fungi, Actinomyces israelii, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Leishmania spp. Resistant to the drug: Corynebacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema spp., Leptospira spp., viruses. It inhibits the vital activity of Escherichia coli, which leads to a decrease in the synthesis of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and other B vitamins in the gut. Duration therapeutic effect is 7 hours.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug Biseptol

When taken orally, both components of the drug are completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cmax active ingredients the drug is observed after 1-4 hours. Trimethoprim penetrates well into cells and through tissue barriers - into the lungs, kidneys, prostate, bile, saliva, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid. The binding of trimethoprim to plasma proteins is 50%, T1 / 2 is normally 8.6–17 hours. The main route of elimination is through the kidneys (50% unchanged). Sulfamethoxazole: plasma protein binding is 66%, T1 / 2 is normal - 9-11 hours. The main route of elimination is through the kidneys, with 15-30% in the active form.

Use of the drug Biseptol during pregnancy

Contraindicated in pregnancy. At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Biseptol

Hypersensitivity to co-trimoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfonamides or any component of the drug; - pregnancy; - lactation period; - childhood up to 3 years (for this dosage form); - established diagnosis of damage to the liver parenchyma; heavy kidney failure if it is not possible to determine the concentration of the drug in plasma (not recommended for use with Cl creatinine<15 мл/мин); - тяжелые гематологические заболевания (апластическая анемия, В-12-дефицитная анемия, агранулоцитоз, лейкопения, мегалобластная анемия, гипербилирубинемия у детей, связанная с дефицитом фолиевой кислоты); - дефицит глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы (вероятность развития гемолиза). С осторожностью: - дефицит фолиевой кислоты; - бронхиальная астма; - заболевания щитовидной железы.

Side effects of the drug Biseptol

From the nervous system: headache, dizziness; in some cases - aseptic meningitis, depression, apathy, tremor, peripheral neuritis. From the respiratory system: bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, pulmonary infiltrates. On the part of the digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, gastritis, abdominal pain, glossitis, stomatitis, cholestasis, increased activity of "liver" transaminases, hepatitis, sometimes with cholestatic jaundice, hepatonecrosis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pancreatitis. On the part of the hematopoietic organs: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic and hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, hypoprothrombinemia, methemoglobinemia. From the urinary system: polyuria, interstitial nephritis, impaired renal function, crystalluria, hematuria, increased urea concentration, hypercreatininemia, toxic nephropathy with oliguria and anuria. From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia. Allergic reactions: itching, photosensitivity, urticaria, drug fever, rash, exudative erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis, allergic myocarditis, fever, angioedema, hyperemia of the sclera. Others: hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

Dosage and administration of Biseptol

Inside, after eating, with a sufficient amount of liquid. The dose is set individually. Children: from 3 to 5 years - 2 tablets. (120 mg) 2 times a day; from 6 to 12 years - 4 tablets. (120 mg) or 1 tab. (480 mg) 2 times a day. With pneumonia - 100 mg / kg / day (based on sulfamethoxazole), the interval between doses is 6 hours, the course of treatment is 14 days. For gonorrhea - 2 g (calculated as sulfamethoxazole) 2 times a day, with an interval of 12 hours.

Overdose of Biseptol

It is not known what dose of co-trimoxazole can be life-threatening. Symptoms: with an overdose of sulfonamide - lack of appetite, intestinal colic, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness. Perhaps the development of fever, hematuria, crystalluria, later - bone marrow suppression and jaundice. With an overdose of trimethoprim - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, depression, impaired consciousness, depression of bone marrow function. Treatment: withdrawal of the drug, gastric lavage (no later than 2 hours after taking the drug) or induction of vomiting, drinking plenty of fluids (if diuresis is insufficient and kidney function is preserved). The introduction of calcium folinate - 5-10 mg / day. The acidic environment of urine accelerates the excretion of trimethoprim, but may also increase the risk of crystallization of the sulfonamide in the kidneys. Chronic overdose of co-trimoxazole (when using high doses for a long period) - depression of bone marrow function, manifested by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or megaloblastic anemia.

Interactions of the drug Biseptol with other drugs

The drug is not recommended to be taken simultaneously with thiazide diuretics due to the risk of thrombocytopenia (bleeding). Co-trimoxazole increases the anticoagulant activity of indirect anticoagulants, as well as the effect of hypoglycemic drugs and methotrexate. Reduces the intensity of hepatic metabolism of phenytoin (extends its T1 / 2 by 39%) and warfarin, enhancing their effect. Rifampicin reduces T1 / 2 trimethoprim. Pyrimethamine at doses greater than 25 mg/week increases the risk of megaloblastic anemia. Diuretics (more often thiazides) increase the risk of thrombocytopenia. Benzocaine, procaine, procainamide and other drugs, as a result of the hydrolysis of which PABA is formed, reduce the effect of the drug. Between diuretics (thiazides, furosemide, etc.) and oral hypoglycemic drugs (sulfonylurea derivatives) - on the one hand, and antimicrobial sulfonamides - on the other, a cross-allergic reaction may develop. Phenytoin, barbiturates, PASK - increase the manifestations of folic acid deficiency. Derivatives of salicylic acid enhance the effect of the drug. Ascorbic acid, hexamethylenetetramine and other drugs that acidify urine increase the risk of developing crystalluria. Colestyramine reduces absorption, so it should be taken 1 hour after or 4-6 hours before taking co-trimoxazole. Medicines that depress bone marrow hematopoiesis increase the risk of myelosuppression. May increase plasma concentrations of digoxin in some elderly patients. May reduce the effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants. In patients after kidney transplantation, taking co-trimoxazole and cyclosporine, there is a transient dysfunction of the transplanted kidney, manifested by an increase in serum creatinine concentration, which is probably caused by the action of trimethoprim. Reduces the reliability of oral contraception (inhibits the intestinal microflora and reduces the enterohepatic circulation of hormonal compounds).

Special instructions for taking Biseptol

With caution, the drug is prescribed for folic acid deficiency in the body, bronchial asthma, aggravated allergic history. With long-term (over 1 month) courses of treatment, regular blood tests are necessary, since there is a possibility of hematological changes (most often asymptomatic). These changes can be reversible with the appointment of folic acid at a dose of 3-6 mg / day, which does not significantly impair the antimicrobial activity of the drug. Particular caution should be exercised in the treatment of elderly patients or patients with suspected initial folate deficiency. The appointment of folic acid is also advisable for long-term treatment in high doses. To prevent crystalluria, it is recommended to maintain a sufficient volume of urine. The likelihood of toxic and allergic complications from sulfonamides increases significantly with a decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys. It is not advisable to use food products containing large amounts of PABA during treatment - green parts of plants (cauliflower, spinach, legumes), carrots, tomatoes. Excessive sun and UV exposure should be avoided. The risk of side effects is much higher in AIDS patients. It is not recommended for use in tonsillitis and pharyngitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus due to the widespread resistance of strains. Impact on laboratory results: Trimethoprim may change the results of the determination of the level of serum methotrexate, carried out by the enzymatic method, but does not affect the result when choosing a radioimmunological method. Co-trimoxazole can increase the results of the Jaffe reaction with picric acid by 10% (for quantitative determination of creatinine).

Storage conditions of the drug Biseptol

List B.: At a temperature not higher than 25 °C.

Shelf life of the drug Biseptol

Belonging of the drug Biseptol to the ATX classification:

J Antimicrobials for systemic use

J01 Antimicrobials for systemic use

J01E Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

J01EE Sulfonamides, combinations with trimethoprim (including its derivatives)

Biseptol is a fairly well-known drug in Russia. It belongs to antiseptics, i.e. substances that inhibit the production of certain pathogenic bacteria. Many people who have received the appointment of this drug are interested in whether Biseptol is an antibiotic, because. It is widely believed that antibiotics are harmful to the body.

Description and use of the drug

Is Biseptol an antibiotic or is it not? No. Biseptol belongs to a fundamentally different group of drugs - antibacterial compounds based on sulfonamides.

They differ from antibiotics, firstly, in their origin: sulfonamides are exclusively artificial agents, they are synthesized at a chemical factory and do not occur in nature, while all antibiotics without exception have a natural or, in extreme cases, a semi-synthetic basis.

Secondly, sulfonamides have a fundamentally different mechanism of action: they are built into the structure of pathogenic microorganisms or protozoa and replace para-aminobenzoic acid in their protein, which makes it impossible for bacteria, protozoa, and even some types of fungus to multiply.

Although the fungus is in most cases immune to these substances, this is especially true of the pathogenic fungus of the genus Candida. Moreover, sulfonamides, as well as antibiotics, can create (under certain conditions) a favorable environment for the occurrence of candidiasis.

The action of biseptol is provided by 2 active synthetic compounds: sulfamethoxazole, which has an overwhelming effect on bacteria and protozoa, and trimethoprim, a synergistic substance that enhances the therapeutic effect of the main ingredient.

Biseptol is absorbed into the blood within 1-2 hours, dissolving in the stomach. This drug reaches its maximum concentration in the blood 6-7 hours after the patient takes the drug. The main route of excretion is the urinary tract.

Many pathogens are sensitive to the main component - sulfamethoxazole, including:

Therefore, the use of Biseptol is advisable if a person has inflammation of the organs of the ENT, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system and others caused by a bacterial infection.

Note: in diseases caused by viruses or fungal infections, such as colds or candidiasis, the use of biseptol is pointless and useless, because. it has no effect on the viral and mycological life form. If you have, for example, a cough, then Biseptol can help only if bacteria are the cause of the disease. Also, this drug is ineffective against spirochetes and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

What helps the drug Biseptol? Many people try to drink Biseptol for a cold cough, but, as mentioned above, in most cases this is not justified. However, taking Biseptol is recommended for:

In addition, the list of indications for the use of biseptol includes bacteriological infections of the stomach, intestines, etc., such as:

• diarrhea;
• typhoid and paratyphoid;
• dysentery;
• cholera;
• poisoning.

It can be successfully used for skin diseases such as furunculosis and pyoderma, as well as brain inflammation - meningitis, wound infections, incl. after surgery, etc.

Biseptol is prescribed for the prevention of diseases such as pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with HIV / AIDS.

Release form and therapy regimen

Most often, the drug is available in the form of tablets of 120, 480 and 960 mg. Sometimes a suspension syrup or dry concentrate is used to prepare an infusion solution. The main substances in them are contained in a ratio of 5 to 1, that is, 5 mg of sulfamethoxazole accounts for 1 mg of trimethoprim. Tablets of 960 mg are a form with an increased concentration - "forte" for use in emergency cases.

The main way of using Biseptol is oral, i.e. suspension or tablets. In the case of a severe infection, it can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously using a drip.

There is Biseptol for children and adults. Release form for young patients - suspension, syrup with strawberry flavor. For infants from 3 to 6 months, the drug can be given as a suspension of 2-2.5 ml 2 times a day (time period 12 hours). Older kids, from 7 months to 3 years - 5 ml twice a day. A child older than 3 years old can be given tablets if he is able to swallow them.

In this case, the dose is:

• 240 mg 2 times a day for the age of 3-5 years;
• 480 mg 2 times a day for the age of 6-12 years;
• over 12 years old - 960 mg 2 times a day.

Adults Biseptol, as a rule, are prescribed at a dosage of at least 960 mg twice a day, but if this medicine is prescribed for a long course to treat a disease that has flowed into a chronic form, then the dosage in an adult can be reduced to 480 mg.

How to use? The usual course of treatment is 2 weeks. It is not necessary to reduce it, because. because of this, an untreated disease can become chronic, while pathogenic bacteria become resistant to sulfanilamide, and the disease can no longer be treated with these drugs.

Tablets should be taken after meals with plenty of water. At the same time, you should not eat food rich in protein, including beans (beans, soybeans, peas, lentils), cheese, meat and dairy products, because. protein reduces the effective effect of the drug. The use of alcohol is prohibited.

There is also an injection method for using biseptol, it is used in severe forms of diseases, and also if it is necessary to achieve an increased concentration of the drug in the spinal cord. Injections can be started in children from 6 years of age. Dosage - the same in terms of the content of the main components in the solution.

Note: with a long course of treatment, it is necessary to control the composition of the blood. You may need to take folic acid in parallel.

Possible adverse reactions and contraindications

The main feature of any sulfonamides is that many pathogens quickly acquire resistance to it, i.e. become insensitive. It can be prescribed only after the doctor, after analyzing, ascertains the sensitivity of pathogens to this drug.

In addition, Biseptol has quite a few side effects: in particular, it causes gradual intoxication of the liver and kidneys, it can inhibit hematopoiesis (with long-term therapy in high doses), and an allergy to Biseptol is a common occurrence.

Biseptol during pregnancy is under an absolute ban; treatment of newborns with it is also prohibited.

How else could it be dangerous? The danger is a large overdose, while the side effects are as follows:

• aplastic anemia, which can lead to bone marrow atrophy;
• dysfunction of the liver and kidneys;
• crystallization of urine, the appearance of "sand";
• dermatological problems;
• candidiasis;
• myalgia and arthralgia - when muscles and joints hurt
• gastritis and pancreatitis, nausea and vomiting;
• anemia, a decrease in leukocytes and platelets in the blood;
• spasms in the respiratory system.

It may, although in rare cases, cause chills or fever. Also, during treatment with Biseptol, side effects can manifest themselves in the form of depression, apathy, tremor (trembling in the fingers), etc.

This drug is absolutely contraindicated in the following groups of patients:

Interaction with other drugs

Biseptol is able to interact with many of the drugs that a person can drink with other concomitant diseases.

There are certain drugs with which it is unacceptable to take, for example with:

1. Acetylsalicylic acid.
2. Nalgesin and its analogues.
3. Phenylbutazone.
4. Barbiturates
5. Diuretics, especially those based on thiazide.

Biseptol is able to chemically enhance the action of:

1. Anticoagulants.
2. Glipizide, gliquidone and other antidiabetic agents (and often gives an allergy when taken together with them).
3. Methotrexate.
4. Phenytoin.

It is very important to know that Biseptol weakens the effect of hormonal contraceptives. If you use oral contraception during treatment, then you should notify your doctor about this and, on his recommendation, increase the dose.

If you combine Biseptol with Pyrimethamine, then the chances of developing anemia increase. The action of Biseptol is reduced by Rifampicin and painkillers of the novocaine group.

Drug analogues

This substance has many synonyms - these are drugs that have the same active chemical compound in the composition, and therefore have similar pharmacological properties. Biseptol synonyms are:

1. Abatsin.
2. Andoprin.
3. Abactrin.
4. Bactrim.
5. Bactramine.
6. Baktifer.
7. Oriprim.
8. Orybact.
9. Cotrimol.
10. Cotrimaxazole.
11. Cotribene.
12. Sulothrim.
13. Sulfatrim.
14. Trimosul.
15. Ectaprim.

An analogue is a medicine that has similar pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, but at the same time - other active substances in the composition. In some cases, even a drug from another group of drugs, but prescribed to cure the same diseases, can be called an analogue.

In a narrow sense (according to similar pharmacology), Biseptol analogues include other drugs from the group of sulfonamides, to which he himself belongs. This is the well-known Streptocid, Sulfathiazole sodium, Mesalazine and other sulfonamides, produced under various trademarks, in various dosages, etc. In a broad sense, even antibiotics can be understood as an analogue of Biseptol.

In pharmacology, it is considered a combination drug that can affect a wide range of types of adverse microorganisms.

Biseptol ® is a fully synthesized combined agent that has an antimicrobial effect and contains in its composition. The latter belongs to the group of sulfonamides.

Their use in medical practice for several decades has provoked the emergence of many strains resistant to these drugs. Combination preparations, of which Biseptol is a representative, were called upon to overcome this resistance.

Sulfonamides are able to integrate into the structure of the pathogen, thereby disrupting metabolic processes and affecting the reproduction and growth of microorganisms.

Biseptol ® is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs for infectious lesions of the genitourinary system.

It is used as a prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia, which is often diagnosed in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Biseptol is indicated for diseases of bacterial etiology, the causative agents of which are:

• streptococci (ovoid asporogenic gram + bacteria);
• staphylococci (non-motile gram + cocci);
• meningococcus (gram-diplococci causing meningococcal infection);

• gonococcus (a gram-aerobic bacterium that causes gonorrhea);
• Escherichia coli (a gram-rod-shaped bacterium common in the lower intestine);
• salmonella (a non-spore-bearing rod-shaped bacterium);
• cholera vibrio (gram-motile bacterium of the genus Vibrio);
• bacillus anthrax (causative agent of anthrax);
• Pfeiffer's bacillus (non-motile gram bacterium);
• listeria (gram + rod-shaped bacterium);
• nocardia (gram + immobile aerobic bacteria);
• whooping cough (small, immobile, non-spore-forming gram-coccobacilli that affect the epithelium of the bronchi);
• fecal enterococcus (opportunistic pathogen);
• as well as Klebsiella, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus, Francisella, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Legionella pneumophila, Providencia, Serration marcescens, Shigella, Yersinia, Morganella, Pneumocystis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittac, Toxoplasma, Actinomycetes.

The antimicrobial effect does not apply to corynebacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Koch's bacillus, pale treponema, leptospira and viruses.

Pharmacological group

The pharmacological group of the drug is combined sulfanilamide antibiotics.

Prescription for Biseptol ® in Latin

Rp.: Biseotoli 0.48
D.t.d. No. 20.
S. 1 tablet four times a day.

Biseptol ® instructions for use of tablets for adults

Biseptol is taken orally or practiced by intravenous injections. Drugs are taken after meals and washed down with plenty of water. Acute infections are treated for at least five days.

Annotation to Biseptol ®

The bactericidal effect is based on the ability of the active active substance to block the synthesis of folates in the cells of foreign agents. Sulfamethoxazole affects the production of dihydrofolic acid, and trimethoprim does not allow dihydrofolic acid to turn into tetrahydrofolic acid. The latter is the active form of folic acid and is responsible for protein metabolism and microbial cell division.

When taken orally, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration of the components is observed after 60-240 minutes. Trimethoprim penetrates well into cells and tissue barriers - into the lungs, bile, saliva, sputum, seminal and cerebrospinal fluid, vaginal secretions.

Plasma protein binding for trimethoprim is 50 percent, for sulfamethoxazole 66 percent. Biological T1 / 2 for the first substance takes from 9 to 16 hours, for the second - about 10 hours. In elderly patients and in those with pathologies of kidney function, the half-life increases, therefore, in this case, dosage adjustments cannot be dispensed with.

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim cross the placental barrier. Both substances are found in breast milk. The drug is eliminated by the kidneys.

Photo of the packaging of Biseptol ® in tablets of 120 mg

With long (more than 30 days) courses of treatment, it is necessary to regularly monitor blood counts, since there is a high probability of hematological changes. The latter are reversible in the appointment of vitamin B9 (Folic acid). Biseptol is prescribed with caution to persons suffering from folate deficiency. Folic acid is also indicated for long-term treatment and at high dosages.

To prevent crystalluria, it is necessary to maintain a sufficient amount of excreted urine. If renal filtration is impaired, the risk of toxic reactions increases.

Against the background of therapy, you should not eat foods that contain para-aminobenzoic acid (legumes, spinach, tomatoes). During therapy, ultraviolet radiation should be avoided.

As for the interaction with other drugs, Biseptol inhibits the intestinal microflora, which helps to reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Strengthening the action is promoted by derivatives of salicylic acid (acetylsalicylic acid, methyl salicylate, analgin, sodium salicylate). The combination with diuretics is dangerous because the risk of developing thrombocytopenia increases. Biseptol, taken together with barbiturates, increases the manifestations of vitamin B9 deficiency.

Dosage of Biseptol ® for parenteral administration

Intravenous injections are given every twelve hours (maximum 1920 milligrams). For maximum effect, a constant serum trimethoprim concentration should be maintained at 5 micrograms.

For malaria, the causative agent of which is Plasmodium falciparum, intravenous injections are made within two days (1920 milligrams twice a day). In renal failure, half the standard dose is prescribed for three days, and then only half of the standard dose.

Biseptol 480 is intended exclusively for intravenous administration. The duration of the introduction is 60-90 minutes. In severe cases of the disease, the dosage is doubled.

Biseptol ® indications for use

Biseptol stops infections that are localized:

1. in the respiratory tract: acute and chronic, bronchiectasis, pneumocystosis, pleural empyema;
2. in the gastrointestinal tract: typhoid fever, shigellosis, angiocholitis;
3. in ENT organs: , ;
4. in the urinary system: donovanosis, inguinal lymphogranulomatosis, chancroid,;
5. on the skin: acne, ;
6. in the musculoskeletal system: last line drug for osteomyelitis.

The chemotherapeutic agent demonstrates high rates of effectiveness in the treatment of acute brucellosis, nocardiosis, septicemia and Gilchrist blastomycosis.

What contraindications does Biseptol have?

Biseptol is not prescribed in the following cases:

• hypersensitivity to sulfonamides and other auxiliary components in the composition;
• violation of one or more functions of the liver and kidneys;
• decrease in the level of leukocytes;
• decrease in the number of platelets;
• decrease in the number of leukocytes;
• pernicious anemia;
• pregnancy;
• breast-feeding;
• aplastic anemia;
• insufficiency of G-6-FDG;
• pneumocystosis;
• the suspension is contraindicated in children under three months old;
• intramuscular injection is not carried out in patients under six years of age;
• hyperbilirubinemia in childhood.

The drug should be taken with caution in the elderly, with vitamin B9 deficiency, bronchial asthma, seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic eczema and thyroid pathologies. Biseptol is able to increase the symptoms in patients with porphyrin disease. The use of an antibacterial chemotherapy drug is contraindicated in severe heart failure, impaired hematopoiesis and elevated bilirubin concentration.

Side effects from taking Biseptol ®

Subject to the dosage prescribed in the official instructions, the drug is well tolerated by the body. When taking Biseptol, skin rashes and disorders of the digestive tract most often occur. In patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, allergic reactions appear: high fever, Quincke's edema and pulmonary eosinophilia, which is manifested by shortness of breath.

Patients may experience the following side effects when treated with Biseptol:

• skin reactions which often disappear after discontinuation of the drug: increased sensitivity of the body to ultraviolet exposure, polymorphic, malignant exudative erythema, acute or toxic epidermal necrolysis, hemorrhagic vasculitis;
• gastrointestinal tract: hepatitis, stool disorders (diarrhea), cholestatic syndrome, glossitis, increased levels of liver enzymes, in patients with severe chronic diseases and immune diseases, acute pancreatitis is often diagnosed;
• change in the blood picture: a decrease in the level of leukocytes in the total cellular composition of the blood, a decrease in the number of neutrophils, a low platelet count, neutropenia, folic acid deficiency, aplastic anemia, an increase in the concentration of methemoglobin, Werlhof's disease;
• urinary tract: tubulointerstitial nephritis, elevated creatinine, saline diathesis,
• central nervous system: meningeal syndrome, impaired coordination of movements, hallucinatory states;
• musculoskeletal system: muscle and joint pain;
• metabolism: Biseptol should be taken with caution in case of potassium metabolism disorders.

In non-diabetic patients, a decrease in blood glucose concentration is observed in the first days of therapy. Hypoglycemia also occurs in individuals with kidney and liver disease. The cause of this pathological condition may be inadequate nutrition.

The frequency of adverse drug reactions is significantly higher in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Severe and serious side effects (up to death) most often occur in the elderly and in patients with concomitant pathologies.
Biseptol ® during pregnancy

As a result of clinical studies, it was found that the active components of this chemotherapeutic drug are able to overcome the placental barrier, therefore, treatment with Biseptol during pregnancy is not advisable. If a woman takes drugs during lactation, then she should stop breastfeeding.

Treatment with this drug refers to teratogenic factors, since Biseptol ® negatively affects embryonic development and can provoke miscarriage or premature birth. Komarovsky E.O. believes that Biseptol ® should never be taken in the first trimester (3-10 weeks) of pregnancy.

The following drugs are considered safer for pregnant women:

• (azalide, slowing down slows down the growth and reproduction of bacteria);
• (a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic related to);
• (bactericidal, broad spectrum antibacterial agent, inhibiting transpeptidase);
• (cbeta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer);
• ( , binding to the 50S subunit of ribosomes);
• uroseptics (create a sufficient concentration of active substances in the urine and tissues of the genitourinary system).

It should be borne in mind that azithromycin ® and erythromycin can only be taken in the second trimester.

Biseptol ® suspension for children: instructions for use and other dosage forms

In the UK, Biseptol is prescribed only from the age of twelve.

In Russia and the CIS countries, the drug is widely used in pediatric practice, pediatricians prescribe it even to small children. The basic rule of therapy with Biseptol is strict adherence to the dosage.

Treatment takes on average about four days. Chronic diseases require a longer course of treatment. While taking Biseptol, the child's body should receive a sufficient amount of fluid. It is also necessary to adjust the diet: stop eating flour products, sweets, chocolate and some vegetable crops (cabbage, carrots, tomatoes).

Pregnancy

Biseptol ® is not used to treat pregnant and lactating women. If necessary, the appointment of Biseptol ® during breastfeeding, for the duration of antibiotic therapy, breastfeeding is temporarily stopped.

Alcohol and Biseptol ®

Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim is categorically incompatible with alcohol. For the period of treatment with Biseptol, it is necessary to stop drinking alcohol.

Taking alcohol against the background of antibacterial therapy with Biseptol increases the risk of side effects from taking sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, and also increases the load on the liver and exacerbates the manifestations of dysbiosis.