What is a woman's reproductive age? Until what age does a man retain reproductive function?

Reproductive age determines a woman’s ability to conceive and give birth to a child.

There are women who are able to conceive at 45, and there are those who have exhausted their supply of eggs by age 35. This reserve is commonly called ovarian reserve.

Ovarian reserve (ovarian reserve, follicular reserve) is the totality of all follicles (eggs) of a woman, or you can also say the potential of the ovaries to produce eggs now and in the future.

Every woman has an ovarian reserve before birth, and the size of the reserve is determined genetically. It is given once and for life. It cannot be increased. It is depleted year after year. When the number of follicles reaches a critical point, menopause occurs. This is a natural process.

Many women believe that the ability to bear a baby ends with the onset of menopause (the end of menstruation). This is wrong.

The reproductive function does not turn off “suddenly”, but fades away gradually. The inability to conceive occurs much earlier than menopause - even before the eggs are completely “over”.

Reproductive age is considered to be up to 49 years. But, taking into account modern life circumstances (stress, poor ecology, abortion, pelvic inflammatory processes, etc.), you should not confidently rely on this figure. Reproductive aging is promoted by ovarian surgery, various diseases, heredity. Therefore, there is no universal answer - everything is individual.

“Passport” age is the main reason for decreased reproductive function. The reduction of eggs begins at birth, but after 35 years this process accelerates several times.

One of the factors of a pathological (premature) decrease in ovarian reserve is surgery on the internal reproductive organs of a woman (ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus). To date, a lot of information has been accumulated about the negative impact of pelvic operations on the ovarian reserve. Any intervention on these organs (as on any other) must be balanced and justified.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is produced by the pituitary gland and its amount directly depends on the woman’s ovarian reserve.
AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone) is a hormone that is produced jointly by all the follicles that a woman currently has. In young people healthy women- he is tall. AMH decreases with age and in young women when the ovarian reserve is depleted.

You should evaluate your ovarian reserve if:
- You are over 35 years old and planning to conceive;
- You have undergone surgery on the internal reproductive organs, trauma, inflammation;
- you have malformations of the internal genital organs;
- the nature of your menstruation has changed for no particular reason;
- You are undergoing treatment malignant diseases(chemo- or radiation therapy);
- your mother, sister, aunt or grandmother experienced early menopause.

Smoking, alcohol abuse, and drug use are the causes of many adverse events and problems, including early reproductive aging.

Number of women under 34 years of age who find it difficult to conceive or carry a child to term last years doubled. Therefore, it has become fashionable to plan motherhood in advance, five or even ten years in advance. Why take the risk? Moreover, there are a lot of centers and specialists who will determine how fertile you are (that is, your ability to conceive and bear a child) and help prolong your fertile period - for this you no longer need to go abroad, as before.

1. Take an ovulation test
Age is the main factor affecting fertility. The optimal period of conception for most women is from 23 to 31 years. Then fertility begins to fall by about 3% annually, and 10 years before menopause, conceiving naturally becomes problematic. It is impossible to calculate the onset of time X, but you need to focus on the number 41 (for Russian women, menopause begins on average at 51 years old), and already at 35 years old you need to take control of ovulation. You can check whether your body produces an egg in each cycle yourself by purchasing a home ovulation test at the pharmacy (Frautest, Ovuplan, ClearBlue or any other brand). You need to be tested 3–4 months in a row for 5 days in the middle of the cycle. Negative result– a reason for a visit to the doctor and further research.

2. Freeze your eggs
Cryopreservation of an egg is still a rare service (storage costs about 17,000 rubles per year), but after 12 years—the shelf life of a frozen egg—everything will pay off. If you decide, go to a clinic that does IVF. First, you will have to undergo standard tests for infections and undergo an examination by a gynecologist. The next stage is a two-week course of injections of follicle-stimulating hormones, which begin on the second day of the cycle. In this way, your body will be forced to produce a record dozen eggs at a time instead of one or two. Not to take more money from you. It’s just that after defrosting, only three or four will be working. When the material is ripe, it will be removed (the procedure is done under general anesthesia) and preserved for a year to begin with. The contract with the clinic where the eggs are stored must be renewed annually and done on time - for the sake of the safety of future children.

3. Get your weight in order
Waist is not only needed to attract a quality sire. Lack, as well as excess, of fat in the body can cause hormonal imbalance. As a result, those who are too large or too skinny girls The production of eggs by the ovaries is disrupted. Fortunately, not for good, but only until the weight returns to normal. To determine it (the norm), the Belgian sociologist and statistician Adolphe Quetelet came up with BMI - body mass index. To calculate it, you need to divide your mass (in kilograms) by the square of your height (in meters). It is believed that the BMI of a potential mother should fluctuate between 20 and 25 units. Going beyond these limits is already a risk. A recent study in the Netherlands showed that for every unit above 29, fertility fell by 4%.

4. Leave big sport
Physical activity is beneficial. Within reasonable limits. American doctors established standards for women planning to conceive soon - run no more than 10-12 km per week and work out in the gym no more than one hour a day. Because if you ride an exercise bike too hard, your menstrual cycle may be disrupted or ovulation may stop. This is mainly due to the loss of fat tissue - which is what we, as a rule, strive for. However, fat is also a source and store of female sex hormones - estrogens. Therefore, if there are failures in the cycle, you must immediately stop training.

5. Stop drinking coffee and quit smoking
Everyone who smokes knows that it is harmful. But few people know that the chemicals that accumulate in the body of a smoker disrupt the level of estradiol, the main estrogenic steroid hormone. To delay the onset of menopause and increase fertility by 30%, you just need to quit smoking. By the way, your feat will reduce the risk of miscarriage if pregnancy occurs. You don't have to give up coffee (as well as caffeine-containing products) completely. Just reduce the dose to one cup per day.

6. Change your diet
The book The Fertility Diet was recently published in the United States. It presents interesting data. For example, sweets, potatoes, White bread and other foods rich in " fast carbohydrates", interferes with ovulation, and " slow carbohydrates» and products with high content iron – on the contrary, they help to conceive. Also, those who sooner or later plan to become a mother are recommended to eat more dairy products - with as high a fat content as possible. This will increase the level of female hormones estrogen. As for vitamins, Special attention pay attention to folic acid(vitamin B6) – it increases the chances of conceiving. When planning a pregnancy, it is advisable to start taking folic acid and vitamin C (in the first phase of the cycle) and vitamins A and E (in the second) about six months in advance.

7. Choose a contraceptive
Taking oral hormonal contraceptives does not harm fertility. On the contrary, when the pills are chosen correctly, hormonal levels can be adjusted. A blood test for hormones will show whether you need to reduce androgen levels or increase estrogen levels. It will have to be taken twice - in both phases of the cycle. After this, the doctor will prescribe a suitable oral contraceptive or, if there are contraindications, he will advise against taking them.

8. Do an ultrasound
Take care of your health. Some women's diseases make themselves felt by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, malfunctions menstrual cycle. Others, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis, are masters of camouflage. Or they lurk in the body asymptomatically, slowly destroying reproductive health. But if you visit a gynecologist every six months and do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, any disease can be caught at an early stage.

9. Don't have an abortion
Abortion in itself is not dangerous and does not deprive you of the opportunity to give birth. healthy child in future. Complications after it are dangerous. This is, first of all, a serious hormonal disruption - regardless of whether it is a medical or mechanical abortion. In the second case, there is a high probability of injury, which can provoke endometritis - inflammation of the uterine mucosa. How long does it take to recover or use reliable contraceptives? The choice is obvious.

10. Take care of your man
Theoretically, he can become a father even after 70 years of age, but in half of the cases it is not possible to conceive a child due to his fault - due to a decrease in the number of motile sperm. To prevent this from happening, he only needs to do two things: simple rules– do not squeeze or heat the scrotal area. Of course, you are unlikely to be able to persuade a man to give up his car and change sedentary office work to healthy, hard physical labor. But he can stop holding a laptop on his lap for a long time, sleeping in a hot bath and sauna, wearing tight underpants and riding a bicycle with an uncomfortable seat. And, by the way, some people could have sex more often – 2-3 times a week. In order to improve sperm quality.

It's all in your head!

Scientific director of the Institute of Perinatal Psychology and Reproductive Psychology, Professor Galina Filippova, explained why problems with conception are often associated with mental health and what to do about it.

How does the brain influence our ability to get pregnant?

Believe it or not, he plays a key role! You must really want a child. What I mean is that the motivation must be so strong that your desire to give birth must be accepted within you. Many women are surprised: I really want to become a mother, I consciously want to! But they don’t understand that they may have strong unconscious resistance inside. In the left hemisphere of all mammals there is a region of the brain called the “maternal dominant”, which is responsible for organizing our behavior associated with the birth of children. And in the right hemisphere there is another important center - it is called the “dominant anxiety”. If for some reason it is in an excited state, it can suppress the “dominant motherhood” and, accordingly, the ability to conceive. That is your own brain– without your NATO advisor – sends signals to the body: don’t get pregnant, it’s dangerous now! If this happens for a long time, they may start functional changes in internal organs- ovulation will stop and be disrupted hormonal balance and so on.

In what cases is the “anxiety dominant” activated?
The cause could be any unresolved problem that you are reacting to. Great value has your social environment. For example, if you have a tense relationship with your mother-in-law, your own mother or husband, or you are afraid (even subconsciously) that the birth of a child will limit your personal freedom, then the dominant anxiety will be constantly aroused and it will be difficult for you to get pregnant. In my practice, I often encounter couples who have scandals just during the period of ovulation - like clockwork! – and they, accordingly, avoid intimacy these days. Perhaps they unconsciously experience anxiety and do not want a child, although they themselves deny it. By the way, anxiety is also dominant in men - it can suppress sperm activity with the same success as ovarian function in women. I had a patient whose mother kept saying as a child: “I had 20 abortions before you, and left you, you idiot, to ruin my life now!” Accordingly, he was “blocked” from having his own children.

But there are women who “get blown away by the wind”...
They do not have a subconscious fear of having children or, for example, that hyper-responsibility that is characteristic of many successful modern women experiencing difficulty conceiving. Those who become pregnant “from the wind”, for one reason or another, are not afraid that the child will interfere with their life.

How to remove these blocks?
Often pregnancy occurs when we simply let go of the problem, stop stressing ourselves and stressing our partner. Many women diagnosed with infertility decide to adopt a child and then unexpectedly become pregnant themselves - sometimes already at the adoption stage. This happens because they either stop experiencing stress - torturing themselves and their husband in order to conceive at any cost - or they simply internally accept a parental position. And then everything works out! In general, it is important for a woman to realize her fears and find out: the child will help or hinder her. Many are afraid that the latter will happen, without good reason.

How do you help women?
With each individual, we study family history - in particular, what kind of mother image a woman carries within herself (as a rule, it is copied from her own mother, and if it is negative, this can also prevent you from getting pregnant), but usually we go deeper and look at least 3– 4 generations family scenarios. Of course, we also analyze your today’s life situation– at work, with your man, parents, etc. Finally, we find out your “subconscious plan” - after all, most often you yourself know very well when you can “allow” yourself to get pregnant. As a result, we develop your personal “motherhood plan”.

Issue price

At the Southern California Reproduction Center, one cycle of egg freezing costs $7,000, but most do multiple cycles and then give a discount. In Russia it costs from 150,000 rubles plus storage - from 8,000 to 18,000 rubles per year. In Moscow, eggs can be frozen in the Perinatal Center medical center, Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after. V.I. Kulakov and at the European Medical Center. There is a way out even if your man’s sperm or your own eggs are not suitable for some reason - the same centers will tell you the contacts of donor material banks.

Happens…

Ilona (36 years old):“I got pregnant from a stranger”
Two months ago I gave birth to a daughter from a man whose name I didn’t even know. Before this, my husband and I tried to conceive without success for five years. To be honest, of the two of us, I wanted a child more. My wife was happy with everything anyway. We had common interests, common friends, and at first, good sex. True, he liked oral history more, but for my sake he performed his marital duty as expected once a week. However, over time, bed from pleasure turned into hard work. The husband often went to strip clubs, from where he returned, to put it mildly, drunk. Or he pretended to be asleep and snored loudly on purpose. At the same time, I didn’t want to go to the doctor, claiming that I was infertile and there was no need to try. But I saw many doctors, and they said that the problem was not with me. Once, at a colleague’s birthday party, I had sex with a friend of a friend in the bathroom. As they say, quickly. There wasn't much pleasure. But two weeks later the test showed that I was pregnant. While I was deciding how to tell my husband about this, my colleague told everything to the guy from the bathroom. That man found me, we started dating. I left my husband without much regret.

Maria (45 years old):“It would be easier without pills”
When I had a boyfriend (I was 16 years old), I went to the antenatal clinic to get prescribed birth control pills. Naturally, secretly from my parents. Soon I gained a lot of weight. I had to tell everything to my mother, who told me the first day. But nothing could be fixed. I still remained fat. Something else is worse. I couldn't get pregnant. Treatment for infertility did not produce results. For the first three years after our wedding, my husband and I were terribly worried about this. Then they reconciled themselves. Over the course of 15 years, we got used to living together, got dogs, and even seemed to calm down. And four years ago I became pregnant. It turned out to be by chance. I had a stomach ache, we went to the district clinic and found out that I was in my fifth month. All this time I continued to have menstruation, there was no toxicosis, and indeed no deviations from the norm. Moreover, I smoked and did not deny myself other joys of life. Fortunately, this did not affect my daughter in any way. A year ago, when I turned 44, I also gave birth to a son - also naturally. I think I'll stop there for now.

It is important for women to remain young and beautiful as long as possible. During career growth absolutely no time for family and children.

But after 30, girls come to their senses and rush to conceive a baby. Read what a woman’s reproductive age is and how to extend it.

What does the reproductive age of a woman and a man mean and when does it occur?

A woman’s reproductive age is the body’s ability to bear and give birth to healthy offspring. The first eggs mature by the age of 14.

Some girls may have their first period later or earlier. This depends on many factors: heredity, environmental situation and nationality.

However, at such a young age, even if a girl is able to bear a child, she may have problems with childbirth.

The body, which will become an ideal container for a strong seed, will be formed at 17-18 years of age.

Important! A girl's first menstruation is called menarche.

The ideal age for conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a baby is considered to be from 18 to 35 years. After thirty, a woman’s fertility weakens, and her chances of getting pregnant become less and less.

With medical support, it is possible to conceive a baby and give birth to a healthy heir even at the age of 40, but natural decline, as a rule, occurs at the age of 50.

For men the situation is different. The boy matures during the period of sexual desire. A guy can conceive a child even at 15 years old. However, out of psychological caution, it is better to postpone starting a family for several years.

Important! The ideal age for a man to conceive a child is considered to be between 28 and 35 years old.

However, on the eve of his thirtieth birthday, a guy’s sperm may give up.

Due to the conduct healthy image life, poor environmental situation and nervous overstrain, the activity and quality of semen can significantly decrease.

Due to decreased erection, it will be difficult for a man to conceive a child in old age.

However, sperm motility remains up to 70 years. In medicine, there have been cases where men impregnated women even after 90 years of age.

Extending the function of conception using folk remedies

Traditional medicine will help prolong the youth of the female body.

When leading a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition and moderate physical activity, you can maintain the ability to conceive for several more years.

Try the simple recipes described in the table:

It is impossible to prevent menopause, but you can ease its course. To prolong female fertility, use all of the above methods from the age of 40.

Pay attention to the hereditary factor when menopause began on the maternal side of women in the family.

Important! Consult your physician before use. In some cases there may be allergic reactions due to individual intolerance to the components.

How does reproductive age differ from biological age?

Biological age is not indicated in the personal document. When the passport says 45 years old, in fact, based on test results and health conditions, the woman may be only 35.

To know exact figure Small health tests and a doctor’s diagnosis will help.

Important! Reproductive age, as a rule, lasts up to 45 years, and biological age can extend this figure to 50.

The main difference is that reproductive age is the period from 18 to 45 years, and biological age is from birth to death.

It is difficult to say the exact number to which the state of the body corresponds, they will help determine more precisely analyzes and ultrasound examinations.

Advice! You can also find simple online biological age tests on the Internet.

How else can you stop the decline?

A woman can help her body without the help of folk recipes.

If a person cannot influence the ecological state of the planet in an instant, then it is worth knowing a few rules. The main thing is to save general health as long as possible.

To do this, when choosing a place of residence, it is worth giving preference to coastal areas or forest areas, where factories and chemical plants are located far away.

Also keep in mind that in the city people are increasingly breathing exhaust fumes and dust.

Prolong a woman's fertility with these tips:

• Give up bad habits. Stop smoking, do not abuse alcoholic beverages.
• Eat right. Your diet should contain a maximum of fruits and vegetables, a minimum of smoked meats, pickles and sausages.
• Choosing a sexual partner. If you have promiscuous sexual intercourse, you can get a whole bunch of sexually transmitted diseases as a gift.
• Rest. No one has canceled the correct mode of work and rest. Don't sit at the computer for a long time, try to spend more time on fresh air.
• Plant support. Doctors can offer you homeopathic support.

  Such preparations do not contain synthetic hormones; they are made on the basis of bee royal jelly or pollen.

Important! Previously, hormonal contraceptive treatment regimens were developed to stop aging.

However, such drugs have too much side effects and are poorly perceived in old age.
A woman's youth is in her hands.

The future and the possibility of conception after 40 years depend on the correct lifestyle and harmonious state of mind. Take care of your health.

Useful video

Infertility in women

Infertility

– the inability of persons who have reached childbearing age to reproduce due to impaired fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. A marriage is considered infertile if a woman does not become pregnant within a year of regular sexual activity (sexual intercourse at least once a week) without the use of contraceptive means and methods.

The percentage of infertile couples reaches 15. The reason barren marriage there may be disturbances in the reproductive system of one or both spouses. The diagnosis of infertility in a woman can be established only after excluding infertility in a man and positive samples, confirming the compatibility of sperm and cervical mucus.

Infertility in women is divided into:

• primary and secondary (respectively, in the absence or presence of a history of pregnancy);
• relative (the possibility of pregnancy is not excluded);
• absolute (pregnancy is impossible due to the absence of the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes due to various reasons).

Causes of infertility in women

The cause of infertility may be:

• lack of ovulation;
• insufficiency of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Chronic absence of ovulation may be a consequence of a disturbance in the rhythm of secretion of luliberin and gonadotropins, which develops after neuroinfection, intoxication, emotional stress, trauma, childbirth, etc.

Chronic lack of ovulation is a symptom of many endocrine diseases. Manifestations of chronic lack of ovulation, in addition to infertility, are menstrual irregularities - dysfunctional uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea. Other causes of infertility may include:

• adhesive process in the pelvis;
• obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
• external endometriosis, etc.

A decrease in progesterone production can lead to infertility due to decreased motility of the fallopian tubes in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, incomplete secretory transformation of the endometrium and impaired implantation of the fertilized egg.

Infertility can be caused by functional pathology of the fallopian tubes - disruption of them contractile activity due to inflammatory processes in the pelvis, incl. in the uterine appendages, disturbances in the hormonal function of the ovaries and changes in the ratio of estrogen and progesterone in the body. Common cause Infertility is an organic pathology of the fallopian tubes, including obstruction, adhesions, torsion, as well as the condition after surgery on the fallopian tubes.

Organic changes in the fallopian tubes can be a consequence of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, fallopian tubes, as well as complications after childbirth, abortion, surgery on the pelvic organs (for example, in women who have undergone appecdectomy).

treatment of functional tubal infertility

use psychotherapy, sedatives, tranquilizers, antispasmodics, in the preovulatory period - prostaglandin production blockers: naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid. Physiotherapy is also effective:

• hydrogen sulfide baths;
• exposure to ultrasound in pulsed mode;
• electrical stimulation of the fallopian tubes.

The prognosis for timely treatment is satisfactory.

organic tubal infertility

great importance is attached to the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs. With long-term (more than 2 years) conservative treatment of tubal infertility, dystrophic changes fallopian tubes, folds of the mucous membrane grow together, develops in the muscular layer connective tissue, the receptor apparatus of the fallopian tubes is damaged. Therefore, timely surgical treatment tubal infertility. Absolute contraindication for surgery is tuberculosis of the genital organs.

Relative contraindications:

• age of women over 35 years old;
• duration of tubal infertility more than 3 years;
• frequent exacerbations of chronic inflammatory process in the uterine appendages and previous acute inflammatory process during the previous year;
• pronounced adhesive process in the pelvis;
• hydrosalpinx large sizes, when removed, no more than 5 cm of the fallopian tube will remain.

Prevention of tubal infertility includes the prevention and rational treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, timely diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis, carrying out rehabilitation measures in early dates after gynecological operations in young women.

Reasons

infertility caused by gynecological diseases,

not accompanied by disturbances in ovulation and fallopian tube function may be:

• external and internal endometriosis;
• malformations of the cervix and body of the uterus;
• post-traumatic changes in the cervix;
• cervicitis;
• endometritis.

Immunological infertility

in women it is caused by the appearance of antibodies to sperm. Diagnosed using sperm compatibility tests and cervical mucus, detection of antibodies to sperm in blood serum and cervical mucus.

Treatment of this form of infertility has not been sufficiently developed; glucocorticoid drugs with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties are used, artificial insemination the husband's sperm injected directly into the uterine cavity, bypassing its cervix.

Folk remedies for female infertility:

• For

  treating infertility with folk remedies

  It is useful to drink a decoction of adonis herb as tea. Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. herbs, leave, wrapped, for 2 hours and strain. Drink 3 times a day.

• Drink a decoction of Adam's root herb. Brew 1 cup boiling water 2 tsp. herbs, leave, wrapped, for 2 hours and strain. Drink 1 tbsp. 3-4 times a day.
• Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tsp. sage herbs and leave for 30 minutes. Drink 1/3 glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Another way: drink 1 des.l. Juice of fresh sage plant 2 times a day on an empty stomach and in the evening. The product should be taken for 12 days immediately after the cessation of menstruation.
• Brew 1 cup boiling water 1 tbsp. plantain seeds, simmer over low heat for 5 minutes. and leave for 1 hour. Drink 1-2 tbsp. 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The same recipe is used for

  male infertility

  Course 1-2 months.

• Brew 0.5 liters of boiling water with 3-4 tbsp. knotweed, leave, wrapped, for 4 hours and strain. Drink 1-2 glasses 4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
• Brew 0.5 liters of boiling water 3 tbsp. ramishia lopsided herbs and leave overnight in a thermos. Drink 150 ml 3-4 times a day 1 hour after meals. The same plant helps with many female diseases.

• Folk

  healers say: in order to cure infertility, you need to eat young fruit.

• As a fumigation, inhale the smoke from burnt St. John's wort; it is useful for infertility.
• Inhale smoke from burnt kirkazon seeds.

Noni juice also helps in the treatment of infertility.

HomeProblems

Menopause is called the autumn time in a woman’s life. It signals the end of reproductive age and the beginning of aging female body. Many ladies, trying to delay the onset of autumn in their lives, are looking for an answer to the question of how to restore menstruation during menopause.

In this publication we will look at whether this can be done during menopause, and also in what ways you can achieve your goal. In addition, we will focus on an effective set of preventive measures.

Menstruation during menopause

Menopausal changes do not happen overnight. It's pretty a long period time, which is divided into the following stages:

1. Premenopause - during this period of time the first symptoms begin to appear. specific symptoms, which signal the beginning of the decline of the hormonal function of the ovaries.
   The level of female sex hormones – estrogen and progesterone – decreases in the body. As a result, changes begin in the menstrual cycle. Its duration varies, as well as the amount menstrual flow, and the so-called critical days. Normally, the stage begins at 45-47 years. If the symptoms began earlier, then doctors diagnose the woman with early menopause.
2. Menopause or menopause is, in fact, the last independent menstruation.
   But it can only be determined after the fact. Gynecologists make the appropriate diagnosis 12 months after the last menstruation, during which there was no menstrual bleeding. The accepted norm for the onset of menopause is 50 years.
3. Postmenopause is final stage, in which the ovaries have completely completed their hormonal function, and there is no more menstruation.

The menopausal period for all women has its own individual characteristics, which are determined by health status and hereditary predisposition.

About the phases of menopause.

When can menstruation be restored?

The easiest time for menstruation to return is during perimenopause. At this stage, ovulation occurs and women can still become pregnant. Due to the onset of ovarian dysfunction, the level of sex hormones decreases, and this is what leads to a delay in menstruation.

What is a “menstrual cycle” anyway?

When a woman takes medications that can forcibly increase the level of estrogen production, the menstrual cycle is restored and reproductive function is prolonged. In addition, the woman maintains her health and youth. After all, with the onset of menopause, signs of aging inevitably appear: wrinkles, gray hair and thinning hair.

Many women are interested in whether it is possible to restore menstruation during menopause. At this stage, there are no longer periods, but they can come if you take medications that increase the level of sex hormones in the body.

If specialists determine that it is possible for a particular patient to prolong her reproductive function, then she will be offered existing methods restoration of the menstrual cycle. Menstruation after menopause, that is, at the postmenopausal stage, is no longer restored.

At early menopause Ladies should always consult a gynecologist. When the cessation of reproductive function occurs earlier than the time provided by nature, it is difficult and is accompanied by various complications of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Timely selected therapy will help delay the onset of menopause and become effective prevention concomitant diseases.

At the beginning of menopause, namely in the first two stages, restoration of menstruation is still possible. To do this, you need to contact a gynecologist and undergo an examination.

Methods for restoring menstruation

Today, women can restore their periods using the following methods:

• drug treatment;
• use of traditional medicine recipes;
• carrying out prevention.

It is important to understand that the menstrual cycle is a manifestation of the possibility of a woman’s fertilization and the birth of a child. Therefore, the lady needs to return her reproductive function, and then the menstrual cycle will be restored.

To do this, you should consult a specialist, and not self-medicate, so as not to waste precious time and not harm your health.

Treatment with hormonal drugs

What is amenorrhea?

Medicines should only be prescribed by a doctor. All drugs can be divided into 2 large groups: hormonal and non-hormonal. Funds from the first group contain synthetic hormones, which artificially increase the level of estrogen and progesterone in a woman’s body and thereby support normal functioning reproductive system of the body.

Gynecologists prescribe such drugs after an examination and the results of a blood test for hormones. The doctor selects hormonal agent, dose and course of treatment.

You cannot change the dosage on your own, or continue or stop taking the medicine. A woman can provoke uterine bleeding or harm her health.

To the most popular hormonal medications relate:

1. Divitren - imitates hormonal activity and thereby provokes the activity of the organs of the reproductive system.
   Prevents the development of endometrial hyperplasia - proliferation of the uterine mucosa.
2. Cliogest – combination medicine containing estrogens and progesterone.
   During menopause, it softens the intensity of symptoms and stimulates the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system in order to resume menstruation.
3. Cyclo-Proginova - replenishes the lack of estrogen and promotes endometrial regeneration.
   Thus, preparing it for the action of progesterone and the onset of menstruation.

Select a drug for the woman, as well as correct dose Only a doctor can. The entire course of treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. By self-medicating a lady can provoke serious problems with health, up to the development of a malignant neoplasm.

Therapy with non-hormonal drugs and herbs

If a woman is contraindicated to use hormonal drugs, then she can be prescribed medications that contain phytohormones - substances that are found in some plants and are identical in composition to sex hormones.

The following plants are rich in them: black cohosh, red clover, soybeans and others.

1. Besser Alter - the composition of the medicine includes Altai herbs, which stimulate the activity of the ovaries.
   Thus, the woman’s reproductive function is restored, and accordingly, her period comes.
2. Feminal - improves acyclic menstruation, and also reduces the manifestations of premenstrual and menopausal syndromes.
3. Estrovel - helps normalize the menstrual cycle caused by hormonal imbalance.

Despite the natural composition of medications, they should be taken only after consultation with a gynecologist.

Traditional medicine suggests drinking infusions of the following herbs to get your period:

• mint;
• oregano;
• linden;
• parsley

Preparing the infusion is very simple - you need to take a tablespoon of the herb and pour a glass of boiling water over it. Infuse under a closed lid for 10-20 minutes, then strain. Take three times a day.

Fresh parsley should be included in your daily diet. It should be added to salads, first and second courses. Mint and linden can be brewed with black or green tea.

Preventive measures

It is always better to practice prevention than treatment. When it comes to menopause, it is not a disease, but natural aging of the body.

But every woman can delay the onset of menopause, as well as improve her health in order to reduce the intensity of the manifestation over time. menopausal symptoms and easily survive this stage of your life.

Our lifestyle directly affects the onset of menopause.

To do this, you should take a set of preventive measures:

1. Change your diet.
   The basis of the daily menu should be fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as protein found in seafood, fish, lean meat, cottage cheese, cheese and all legumes. It is necessary to reduce the amount of animal fats, and consume all types of nuts and high-quality vegetable oil– olive, flaxseed, sesame, sunflower. You should avoid or minimize your consumption of: smoked meats, fried and fatty foods, sweets and fast food.
2. To live an active lifestyle.
   Regular but moderate exercise stress plus walks in the fresh air strengthen the immune system and prolong the youth of the body.
3. Correct daily routine.
   In order to have good health It is important to adhere to the regime: 8-hour night rest, eating at the same time, playing sports.

No less important for extending a woman’s reproductive age psychological attitude. Optimism, good mood, stress resistance are a woman’s best allies.

Bottom line

The onset of menopause is an irreversible process, but it can be delayed and the reproductive age, and with it the youth of the soul and body, extended. You should take care of this in advance and take measures to prevent menopause, which will also improve your health.

At the first menstrual irregularities, it is important to consult a gynecologist in order to select the right therapy to support reproductive function and regulate the menstrual cycle accordingly. We wish you good health!

What do you know about restoring the menstrual cycle during menopause?

Throughout her life, a woman goes through a wonderful journey from a girl to a woman capable of giving life to another person. It is the stage when this ability can and should be used that is called childbearing. A woman's reproductive age is estimated differently in different countries and various specialists. But there is unity in one thing - the opinion that a woman should give birth from 20 to 35 is supported everywhere. It is optimal to give birth to your first child before the age of 25-27, when the body is already fully mature and ready for bearing, but, at the same time, is not worn out.

It is believed that after 45-50 years, eggs stop being produced, as a result of which a woman’s ability to conceive disappears. However, in the world there are cases of children being born to women over 50 years of age. This is largely facilitated by modern technology.

It is believed that early pregnancy is dangerous for both the woman and the baby she is carrying. Mothers who are too young have an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage, bleeding and toxicosis. Babies born to mothers who have not yet turned 20 years old are often underweight, do not gain weight well after birth, and do not adapt well to new conditions for them. In addition, the girl may not be psychologically ready for motherhood. She does not have all the necessary knowledge to implement proper care for the child.

If pregnancy is planned late, problems may arise with conception and pregnancy, because a woman aged 36 or more, as a rule, has certain diseases and health conditions that prevent her from conceiving or giving birth to a baby. In addition, after 40 years of age, there is a high probability of having a child with genetic disorders.

DMC of reproductive age

The question of a woman’s reproductive age is often associated with the question (DMK). Women are concerned about whether they are manifestations of menopause. According to statistics, DMC occurs in 4-5 women of reproductive age. They manifest themselves in the form of menstrual irregularities, when menstruation occurs after a significant delay or before the expected due date. Most often, the cause of DUB is a disruption of the ovaries. Other causes may include lung, kidney or liver disease. With DUB, ovulation does not occur and no corpus luteum, and progesterone levels are reduced. All this makes it impossible to conceive a child. Typically, DUB occurs in women who have had abortions. ectopic pregnancy, infection or a disease of the endocrine system.

NMC in reproductive age

Menstrual irregularities (IMC) during the reproductive period are a common occurrence. NMCs include:

• amenorrhea – absence of menstruation;
• hypomenorrhea – coming on time scanty menstruation;
• hypermenorrhea - too much heavy menstruation that arrive on time;
• polymenorrhea – too long (6-8 days) menstruation;
• – periods are too short (1-2 days);
• tachymenorrhea – shortened menstrual cycle;
• opsomenorea - too much rare menstruation(with a cycle of more than 35 days).

Reproductive age of women in different countries

In Russia and others European countries It is an established opinion that a woman of reproductive age should be between 18 and 45 years old. During this period, it is believed that Slavic and European women can conceive and give birth to a child. At the same time, among women of southern national groups, reproductive age begins and ends much earlier. Eastern girls mature and get married early, and as mature women they age much faster. In Western European countries, the opposite trend is observed - towards a shift of more late dates: childbirth well beyond 30 and even 40 years is considered normal, respectively, and climacteric age delayed, which is facilitated by the widespread use of hormonal drugs.

How to extend a woman's reproductive age?

To renew childbearing age, women need to closely monitor their health, treat any diseases in a timely manner, monitor their hormonal levels. Preventing abortion is the key to prolonging the reproductive age.

Childbearing age is the period in a woman’s life when she is able to conceive and give birth to a child. The time during which a man's body is able to produce sperm is called the reproductive age of a man.

Childbearing (reproductive) age is important point in pregnancy planning and

Woman's childbearing age

The optimal childbearing age for a woman is considered to be from 20 to 35 years. It is recommended to give birth to your first child before the age of 25-27. This takes into account the natural ability of the female body to conceive, bear a fetus and give birth to a child. In addition, this age is characterized by sufficient social and psychological maturity.

Early pregnancy

Pregnancy at an early age is often fraught with adverse consequences. At the same time, than younger woman, the higher the risk of bleeding.

Early motherhood is dangerous for both the young mother and the child. Babies are often born with low body weight, gain weight poorly and adapt less well to external conditions.

Of course, every woman is individual and before the age of 20 she can give birth to a healthy child. Physiologically, the body may well be ready for pregnancy and childbirth without complications. However, there are other circumstances that need to be taken into account. For example, is a woman psychologically ready, does she have necessary knowledge to raise a child, does he have the means to provide for his needs?

Late pregnancy

After 35 years, female reproductive function begins to decline. First of all, this is due to hormonal changes, which lead to a decrease in the ability to conceive naturally, disorders of the menstrual cycle and the ovulation process.

It is known that a woman is born with a certain number of primary germ cells (oocytes). They mature during childbearing years but do not reproduce. Eggs are formed from primary germ cells.

We regularly encounter negative factors external environment, which negatively affect the body, including oocytes. Therefore, in women after 35-40 years of age, the likelihood of conceiving a child with genetic abnormalities increases significantly.

After 45-50 years, women reach menopause and eggs stop maturing. At this age, a woman can no longer conceive a child.

Reproductive age of a man

With age, the production of male sex hormones gradually decreases. For a man’s reproductive function, it is essential, first of all, to reduce the level of testosterone, which regulates the process of sperm formation.

Therefore, the optimal reproductive age for a man is considered to be under 35 years of age. By this time, most men have a reduced ability of sperm to fertilize an egg. As the amount of DNA damage increases, sperm become less mobile and their genetic quality deteriorates.

Conception and birth of a child among middle-aged parents

IN Lately The number of births among women over 35 years of age has increased. At the same time, there are many positive examples of the birth of a first child after 40 years. Despite the risk, having a child after 35 years of age has its advantages for a woman.

The hormonal changes in a woman’s body associated with pregnancy and childbirth allow her to feel like a young mother, despite her age. At the same time, it is possible to increase vitality and improve general well-being women. In addition, significant life experience contributes to a more responsible approach to raising a child.

When planning a pregnancy in middle age, you should consult a geneticist. Genetic counseling is required for intended parents if they are over 35 years of age.

How long does a man remain fertile? It is not possible to give an unambiguous answer to this question. Childbearing age depends on many factors. For some men, the ability to conceive continues into old age, but for most it wanes by the age of 60. It is possible to predict the childbearing age of a particular man, but only if it is known exactly how this subject was sexually formed.

From a medical point of view, the average young man becomes fertile at 14 and retains the ability to conceive until age 60. However, this does not mean that a young man should become a father before the age of 20. Best period for a man to have children – 25-45 years. At this time, a man is most active and his sexual functions have not yet begun to fade.

How does a man mature?

As mentioned above, a teenager’s reproductive function begins at the age of 14. But the development of his reproductive system does not stop there. Further, the teenager goes through a series of periods that affect his reproductive abilities.

The first physiological changes in the reproductive system begin to occur in boys at 10–12 years of age. The first sexual feelings for opposite sex. Sexual desire goes through 3 stages of development:

1. Appearance of interest in girls.
2. The desire to hold a girl’s hand, touch her, kiss her.
3. The appearance of sexual arousal.

Initially, boys are not interested in the direct physiology of relationships due to low reproductive capacity. Interest in her comes at the 3rd stage of development of sexual desire.

As people progress through the stages of puberty, young man testosterone is produced. This hormone stimulates the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive function. It also makes the young man capable of conceiving and interesting to the opposite sex.

Time of first sexual contact depends on the environment social environment a young man is raised and lives. Often, due to misconceptions about male sexuality, teenagers see sex as the main goal of a relationship with a girl, and this is wrong. Because of this, young families often break up.

By the age of 25, a man craves a more sensual relationship. He consciously strives to start a family. But this doesn't happen to everyone. There are men who prefer to remain free both in relationships and in sex.

According to surveys, only after reaching adulthood do most men begin to experience true pleasure from sex with their wives. This is explained by the fact that over many years the couple learned each other’s sensual secrets. As a result, physical satisfaction is mixed with emotional coloring.

Changes in male sexual behavior with age

A man's reproductive age largely depends on his sexual activity. Eg, the man is 100% fertile, but avoids communicating with women due to his reluctance to have children. In this case, we can say that his reproductive function does not work. The reluctance to start a family may remain with him for life.

At the same time, one should take into account the fact that reproductive age directly depends on physiological age. After 35 years, a man’s need for sex sharply decreases. The thing is that his body produces less and less testosterone. Plus emotional experiences in the family and stress. All this leads to the fact that he ceases to be interested in sex. That is, after 35 years, reproductive functions fade away.

It should also be taken into account that at the age of over 35 years spermatogenesis worsens. Sperm not only become less active, but their genetic properties deteriorate.

Socially, a man is best at starting a family by the age of 35. Surprisingly, this same age is best for having a child. But psychologically, young people are best prepared to start a family at the age of 25.

How does age affect fertility?

Among women The deadline for having children is 40 years old. The fact is that after this age the opportunity to give birth to a healthy child is greatly reduced. In men, everything is more uncertain, since practically no research has been conducted in this regard.

The French made an attempt to change the situation. Scientists from this country studied a sample of documents from 10,000 couples who were treated for infertility. Researchers were able to find out that if men have crossed the threshold of 35 years, then it is more difficult for their wives to bear a child. There is a high probability of miscarriages. By the age of 40, the likelihood of conceiving a child decreases significantly.

The results of this scientific work cause serious concern among doctors, since in recent decades average age men becoming fathers for the first time are over 35 years old.

How to support reproductive function?

If the decrease in reproductive function is not caused by diseases, then you can resort to the following recommendations:

If these measures do not help, then don't be embarrassed to see a doctor.