Urticaria rash elements. Urticaria: forms of the disease, provoking factors, principles of therapy and prevention

Rash is the main symptomatic sign of urticaria. However, hives rash can have different descriptions. After all, its appearance depends on the type and causes of the pathology.

Rash with Urticaria 10 photos with a description

Causes of a rash with hives

A rash is a mandatory attribute of urticaria. And its causes depend on the type of disease. There are two main types of pathology:

Allergic. At the first contact with a provocative substance, it is "remembered" by mast cells - through a mechanism involving immunoglobulin E. Upon repeated contact with an allergen, the body shows hypersensitivity and produces an immediate reaction. A large amount of histamines, interleukins and other substances are released into the blood. The immune system perceives it as a foreign and harmful organism.
Pseudoallergic. It is formed due to the influence of internal and external factors. Such as bacterial and viral infections, excessive exercise, temperature changes. Immunoglobulin E and the immune system are not affected in this case.

Rashes are different for both types. A photo of a rash of urticaria is on the net.

The chain of internal reactions can be described as follows: upon contact with a provocateur, the permeability of the capillary walls increases.

This leads to an increase in the volume of tissue fluid, blood rushes intensely to the skin, thinned capillary walls cannot cope and itching, redness, and rashes appear.

List of possible allergens leading to a rash:

food products (sea and bee products, legumes and nuts, fruits);
medicines (more often - antibiotics, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs);
household products (include aggressive substances in the composition);
perfumery and cosmetics;
dust;
animal wool and down;
insect poison (released when bitten by bees, ants, bumblebees, etc.).

These are the most common cases. However, there are specific allergens such as solar radiation and vibration of household appliances. What exactly caused the rash, it turns out in the doctor's office.

Symptoms

Urticaria is characterized by a rash in the form of blisters of a pinkish-red hue, which slightly rise above the skin surface.

With an allergic form of a rash, they differ in the following characteristics:

intense itching a few minutes before the rash appears;
bright red undertone of formations (after pressing, they become whitish);
the size of individual formations is from 2-3 mm to 10-15 cm;
smooth and clearly defined edges of the blisters;
the area around the blister is also reddish.

Pseudo-allergic urticaria has several types of rashes, depending on the subtype. However, in general, they are the same as with allergic.

So, what kind of rash with urticaria:

Solar urticaria. Small rash with blistering formations up to 1-2 mm in diameter. The color is pink, around - red edging. Appears a few minutes after sun exposure.
Cold. The rash appears unevenly: either immediately after exposure to cold, or after 10 hours. The size of the blisters ranges from very small dots to large spots. Localization - at the site of cold exposure.
Aquagenic. Rashes are formed on the most delicate areas and resemble burns. They often progress. The skin becomes very dry. Sometimes there may be no rash - only itching.
Mechanical. It can appear in two ways. The first is scratch-like blisters that rise above the skin and are very itchy. The itching is more intense at night. The second option is round light blisters with a dark red border.
stressful. The formations are large and rounded, and may merge into one or more spots. The color is pinkish and pale. Sometimes the center may be white and the border pink.
Cholinergic. The rash is small. Sometimes so much so that it is invisible. It usually comes out in the upper part of the body - on the forearms, chest, back, neck.

Thus, a rash should be distinguished by the type of urticaria. In chronic urticaria, the formations have the correct shape and clearly defined edges. Localization is fickle and spontaneous. The color is less red than in an acute leak.

They appear in the form of blisters. Outwardly, the skin looks like "scalded" nettles. Hence the corresponding name.

If the urticaria has poured out, redness has pink color and size from 1 mm before a few cm, with pressure on them turn pale. The most annoying thing is that rash in the form of urticaria unbearably itches. Not only individual areas are affected, but the whole body.

Urticaria is a skin rash that accompanied fever, weakness, headaches.

The nature of the rash with urticaria is divided into types:

Spontaneous urticaria appears without exposure to a visible stimulus. If it is accompanied by difficult breathing, need to call an ambulance.

Causes and symptoms

The manifestation of symptoms depends on the form of the disease.

Rash with urticaria - a description of the causes:

Localization and nature of the rash

The clinical manifestation of the disease can be different, but the main symptom is a rash and itching. The rash is in the form of small blisters.

Localized urticaria, description of the rash: if you look at it in magnification, then a dense oval bubble with clear boundaries will appear before your eyes. The color can be from pale pink to white-violet.

The rashes have the following characteristics:

unexpected rapid appearance;
ephemeral disappearance;
existence up to 24 hours;
peripheral growth and fusion.

A rash (urticaria on the body) can be located both on individual affected areas that are characteristic of a particular type of disease, and on the entire area of the patient's body. If the allergy is caused by a specific allergen, then the rash will cover the places in contact with it.

Rashes in chronic pathology

Chronic form characterized by frequent relapses. As a rule, states of exacerbation occur unexpectedly. The rash appears without objective reasons. The sufferer suffers from severe itching, insomnia, excessive sweating. He becomes irritable. If the spots are combed, then wounds will appear in their place. If an infection gets into them, they will begin purulent processes. This will require additional treatment.

Through few weeks the rash goes away. Scars and characteristic pigmentation form at the site of the wounds. In the affected area of the back and limbs.

In the chronic form, thickening of the skin occurs, and the skin pattern also intensifies. But at the same time, swelling and redness are less pronounced.

Chronic rash on the body in an adult, photo with explanations, urticaria:

We distinguish a rash with an allergy from an infectious one

Not only allergic ailments can cause a rash. It also appears in infectious diseases. How not to confuse, for example, urticaria and rubella? These are completely different pathologies that require their own treatment. How are rashes different?

With urticaria fever rarely rises, and if it exceeds the norm, it is insignificant. With an infectious lesion, it sharply reaches a mark of 40 ° C.
Urticaria with accompanied by unbearable itching.
Rash appears abruptly when a stimulus enters the body.
An allergic reaction appears straightaway, and the infection takes time to “accelerate”.
allergic rash holding on only day, and the effects of infection persist for up to several days.

Every illness manifests itself differently. There may be uncharacteristic symptoms. For an accurate diagnosis, a medical examination is required.

How to treat?

Before the doctor prescribes treatment, he will establish the cause of the disease. If it's specific allergen, then it should exclude immediately to avoid relapse. With various forms of urticaria, the following drugs are prescribed:

sorbents to remove the "causative agent" (activated carbon, etc.);
(suprastin, zyrtec, etc.);
antipruritic funds;
desensitizing intravenous drugs(calcium chloride, etc.);
corticosteroids.

Special attention should be paid power correction. To avoid relapse, you will have to follow the diet. Suitable hypoallergenic diet.

If you have not yet figured out which product causes such a violent reaction in the body, exclude from your table the following dishes - fatty, fried, spicy dishes, chocolate in any form, soda, sweets, alcohol, cigarettes, strong tea and coffee.

How to relieve itching?

After eliminating the allergen, it remains only to wait, but how to deal with itching? For this suitable for the following:

special ointments and gels (hormonal or non-hormonal), but they should be used on the recommendation of the attending physician;
exclude being in stuffy rooms;
light clothing exclusively from natural fabrics;
taking sedatives;
wiping the affected areas with an alcohol solution;
strict recommended diet;
traditional medicine recipes (hawthorn, dried duckweed, linden flowers, calendula inflorescences, etc.).

To the average person, the rash looks the same and is frightening. But you need to learn to distinguish allergic manifestations from other types of redness. After all, urticaria refers to a pathology that causes complications. If you do not seek help in time, there is a risk that the disease will become chronic.

are interconnected parameters, since correction measures may differ for different forms of pathology. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease plays a decisive role in the appointment of effective treatment.

Urticaria (photo): symptoms in adults

Urticaria is an inflammatory skin lesion, which is expressed in the form of rashes on the skin, pink in color. What are the symptoms can be considered the brightest? The pathology is characterized by swelling of the papillary layer of the skin, intense itching. The term "urticaria" arose because the external manifestations of the condition are similar to a nettle burn on the skin. in the form of urticaria occurs no less frequently than of a similar origin.

Also, urticaria has another name, namely - polyetiological dermatosis. This term reflects the fact that the disease occurs for a number of different reasons.

A photo manifestations of urticaria allows you to assess what does it look like with this pathology. The main causes of the disease reflect video, symptoms also manifest themselves in the form of skin lesions.

First signs of urticaria - the appearance of pink rashes that gradually spread.

When identifying pathology, it is important to answer the question: " Does hives itch or not? Every allergist can assure the patient that the answer is clear affirmative.

Stages of the pathological process

You need to know that with an allergic variety of urticaria (the most common form), the following stages are distinguished:

Immunological. The beginning of the stage involves contact with the allergen. As it progresses, antibodies are produced and accumulate.
pathochemical. It involves the formation (with the initial ingestion of an allergen) or the secretion of ready-made (with recurrence) antibodies and mediators.
Pathophysiological. It includes the response of body tissues to synthesized allergic mediators. After an increase in their concentration in the blood, the main clinical signs of urticaria appear.

Causes of hives in adults

The progression of the external signs of urticaria is explained by an increase in local vascular permeability, due to which edema develops in a short time. An important factor in the possibility occurrence this pathology is a hereditary predisposition to allergies.

There are several main reasons (triggers) appearance urticaria in adult patients:

Intolerance to certain medications, which most often include antibiotic drugs, non-narcotic analgesics, gamma globulins, serums.
Reaction to food allergens, which should include: egg white, seafood, citrus fruits, berries, mushrooms.
Bites of some insects, most often - bees, mosquitoes, wasps, fleas.
The action of some physical factors: solar radiation, low temperatures, touching metal or wooden surfaces.
The action of toxic substances.
Helminthiases.
Violations in the work of the endocrine system.
Reaction to household chemicals.
Reaction to airborne allergens: pollen, pet dander, dust.
Blood transfusion or organ transplant.
Oncological pathologies.

Depending on the provocative cause, the symptoms of urticaria may be different, which can be noted on a photo.

Types of urticaria in adults

There are several principles for classifying urticaria. The division according to pathogenetic features allows us to distinguish between allergic and pseudo-allergic types of the disease. Allergic urticaria is characterized by an immune mechanism of development, its progression is associated with contact with allergens.

According to the features of the clinical course, three forms of the pathological process are distinguished:

Acute. It is characterized by a general deterioration in well-being, blisters on the skin, an increase in body temperature. One of the private forms of acute urticaria is angioedema.

Chronic recurrent. It can last for months or years, develops as a continuation of the acute form of urticaria. Characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission.

Persistent papular chronic. The rash (photo) is constantly localized on the skin, gradually spreading. characteristic not only rashes on the body, but , and .

According to the main provoking factors, the following types of urticaria are distinguished:

Cold. Provoked by exposure to low temperatures. Reflex cold pathology develops with direct contact of the skin with cold objects.

Sunny. Possible due to solar radiation.

Thermal. Caused by heat.

Dermographic. It develops after minor scratches on the skin.

All these forms can be combined into the concept of “ physical urticaria”.

Also one of the forms of urticaria is contact, which develops upon direct contact with an irritant, most often an allergen.

Aquagenic urticaria progresses on contact with water.

If the causes of the pathological process remain unclear, then this condition is called “ idiopathic urticaria”.

The variety of clinical forms of urticaria creates certain difficulties in the diagnosis of this disease. To identify pathology, it is necessary to contact not only a dermatologist, but also an allergist, to establish the possible allergic nature of the disease.

How to treat hives in an adult: a list of drugs

When on the skin symptoms of urticaria in patients, the main question arises - how to heal quickly? Only the attending physician can give the correct answer to this question after a full diagnosis and determination of the factor that provoked the pathology.

Urticaria treatment regimen involves the use of etiotropic therapy and symptomatic funds. The choice of a specific complex treatments depends on the form of the pathological process.

Etiotropic treatment involves the elimination of the provoking factor. It is important to exclude possible contact with allergens of any nature. It is necessary to adjust the diet, to carry out a thorough cleaning of the premises. If the urticaria was caused by taking certain medications, then their use becomes unacceptable for life.

The following medications are used as systemic therapy in adult patients:

Antihistamines medicines. These include dipheningidramine, cetirizine, loratadine and other drugs.
Systemic glucocorticosteroid drugs in the case of a generalized form of pathology ( dexamethasone, prednisolone).
Means for desensitization. These include: cocarboxylase, unithiol, calcium chloride.
Adrenaline hydrochloride in case of acute edema and the threat to the life of the patient.

Symptomatic local remedies are used to reduce the manifestations of itching and the intensity of rashes on the patient's skin. For this purpose, various ointments (Fenistil, hydrocortisone and others).

In the case of pseudo-allergic urticaria, it is important to pay special attention to the therapeutic correction of the provoking pathology and the prevention of its exacerbation.

In the most severe cases, it is necessary to carry out detoxification measures in stationary conditions. For this purpose, gemodez, glucose injections, hemasorption, plasmapheresis are prescribed.

Urticaria treatment of adults with folk remedies

Traditional medicine has a wide range of ways of treatment hives. But before using any of folk methods therapy, you should consult with your doctor. Self-medication can lead to a deterioration in the patient's condition and the development of serious complications.

Among the most effective methods of traditional medicine are the following:

infusions medicinal plants: chamomile, string, burdock, oak and nettle. They should wipe the skin to eliminate rashes.
celery juice. This remedy strengthens the immune system and contributes to the effective treatment of urticaria. When using it, you need to follow the dosage: one teaspoon four times a day.
Yarrow infusion. It is prepared in this way: one tablespoon of raw materials is poured into a glass of hot water and infused for about half an hour. You need to take this remedy inside, four times a day for a third of a glass.
To relieve symptoms of itching, skin irritation, it is recommended to mix tinctures of valerian, motherwort and hawthorn and taken orally before a night's rest.
Herbal infusion collection: lemon balm, valerian and hops. To prepare it, you need to mix 20 grams of raw materials. Next, 1 tablespoon of raw materials is poured into 200 ml of hot water. Take this infusion three times a day, 40 ml. Also, this tool can be added to the water while taking baths.
Lotions from grated raw potatoes well remove skin manifestations of urticaria. First you need to grate the potatoes, place on the affected areas of the skin, and then apply the film. Leave for half an hour, then remove and rinse the skin area with warm water or herbal decoction.
When taking a bath, it is useful to add to the water infusions such medicinal plants: oregano, succession, celandine, valerian.

All of these folk methods are mostly symptomatic, that is, they contribute to the elimination of the main manifestations of the disease. The doctor will help you choose the most correct method of alternative treatment based on the characteristics of the clinical picture of the disease and the severity of the patient's condition.

With the development of urticaria in adult patients, the diet should be adjusted food in order not to provoke an exacerbation of the pathological process. The diet should be hypoallergenic, that is, it is supposed to exclude those foods that can cause a serious allergic reaction. Even if there was no previous allergy to a particular product, during an exacerbation of the pathology, the body's reaction to its use can be unpredictable.

The following products should be completely excluded:

fatty foods;
spicy foods and spices;
chocolate;
citruses;
canned food;
carbonated drinks.

It is also necessary to refuse to take alcoholic beverages. Menu a patient suffering from urticaria suggests only hypoallergenic dishes, recipes which are quite a few. A doctor can help in choosing a diet, who, in addition to drug treatment, also prescribes a diet.

In order to minimize the manifestations of urticaria in adult patients, a number of recommendations should be followed:

Refusal of bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol.
The use of sedative herbal preparations or sedative medications.
Water at a comfortable temperature while taking baths, avoiding excessively hard washcloths and towels.
The use of natural, high-quality cosmetics.
Limiting time spent in the sun.
Regular wet cleaning, airing the apartment.
Selection of clothes and bed linen made from natural fabrics.
Timely treatment of pathologies that can provoke an exacerbation of urticaria.
Prevention of all possible contact with allergens.
Strengthening the immune system: hardening, taking immunomodulatory drugs.

It should be noted that both the patient himself and his relatives should remember about first aid measures to stop the manifestations of acute urticaria. This greatly reduces the risk of serious complications.

Treatment of urticaria and its prevention should be given special attention. It is important to follow all medical recommendations, to avoid contact with allergens and other provoking factors. Therapeutic correction measures should include both etiotropic and symptomatic treatment. It must be remembered that if preventive measures are not followed, an exacerbation of urticaria can occur at any time, so you should be more attentive to the characteristics of your body.

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Description:

Urticaria is a medical concept that includes a group of diseases. This is a common disease characterized by the appearance on the skin of raised, fairly clearly demarcated, intensely itchy papules or blisters of pale pink or red color with the formation of erythema along the edges, which disappears with pressure; their diameter can vary from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. The rash occurs rather quickly and can lead to the development of giant urticaria. For rashes, complete reversibility is characteristic.
Urticaria is a polyetiological disease, depending on the etiological factor, the following types of urticaria are distinguished:
1. Allergic urticaria
2. Idiopathic urticaria
3. Urticaria caused by exposure to low or high temperature
4. Cholinergic urticaria
5. Dermatographic urticaria
6. Vibrating urticaria
7. Contact urticaria
If the symptoms of urticaria persist for more than 6 weeks, they speak of a chronic process, otherwise acute urticaria is diagnosed.

Causes of occurrence:

The general mechanism of development is characteristic of all types of urticaria. Its pathogenesis is associated with an increase in the permeability of the vessels of the microvasculature and the acute development of edema in the area surrounding these vessels.
Allergic urticaria can be caused by medications, foods, plant pollen, house dust, or hymenoptera venom.
Temperature urticaria manifests itself under the influence of a cold or heat factor, as well as a radiation factor. The mechanical cause of the appearance is observed with dermatographic urticaria. The insect form of urticaria occurs after being stung by hymenoptera, with an increase in immunoglobulins of fraction E and G.

Symptoms:

Allergic urticaria is manifested by skin itchy elements in the form of an urticaria. Usually, the patient notes the relationship between the onset of symptoms of allergic urticaria and contact with the allergen. Allergic urticaria is often combined with respiratory allergies - rhinitis or bronchial asthma.
Acute or characterized by severe torpidity in treatment.
Temperature urticaria can be either localized or generalized. Often, temperature urticaria is accompanied by a drop in blood pressure and shock.
Cholinergic urticaria is a form of urticaria in which multiple small urticaria appear on the skin, accompanied by severe itching and tending to merge and form large skin lesions. In dermatographic urticaria, the urtical elements are arranged linearly. The rash often appears in places of compression of parts of the body with tight clothing. Insect allergy is manifested by a local reaction, a systemic allergic reaction, and anaphylactic shock.

Diagnostics:

1. Mandatory laboratory tests:
- clinical blood test;
- general urine analysis;
- biochemical blood test (determination of total protein, bilirubin, ALT, AST, blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine);
- HIV, RW;
- coprogram.
The specified volume of the diagnostic program is sufficient to determine the allergic, vibrational, temperature, contact form of urticaria.
For unspecified, idiopathic, dermatographic urticaria, it is recommended to include the following types of examinations in the list of mandatory to identify functional and organic disorders:
- rheumatological tests;
- bacteriological examination of feces, duodenal contents;
- bacteriological crops on the flora from the mucous membranes of the oropharynx;
- copro-ovocystoscopy.

2. Allergic examination:
- allergic, pharmacological, food history;
- level of immunoglobulin E;
- Prick and scarification skin tests with various allergens, incl. fungal; - cold (Duncan) test, heat test, tourniquet test;
- allergic titration with histamine, acetylcholine;
If drug urticaria is suspected, the patient should undergo in vivo tests available at the hospital. Test of inhibition of migration of leukocytes in vivo with medications (according to the data of the pharmacological history).
Each test is carried out in patients with exacerbation of urticaria and the use of antihistamines and glucocorticoids.

3. Mandatory instrumental studies:
- Bicycle ergometry to exclude cholinergic urticaria. With idiopathic, unspecified, dermatographic urticaria, the following instrumental studies are carried out in order to search for functional and organic disorders: ultrasound, EGLS, ECG.

4. Additional instrumental studies:
- organs of the chest and paranasal sinuses (according to indications);
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and retroperitoneal space, thyroid gland (according to indications);
- sigmoidoscopy.

For treatment appoint:

Consider the treatment regimen for urticaria using the example of an allergic form.
For mild flow:
1. Carrying out elimination activities;
2. Glucocorticoids are not used;
3. Antihistamines are used: Loradatin 10 mg 1 time per day, Telfast 180 mg 1 time per day. Duration of admission is up to 1 month. Ketotifen is used at a dose of 0.001 g 2 times a day for a course of 3 months.
4. Ascorbic acid and calcium gluconate are used to stabilize the vascular wall.

The course of the middle degree requires a slightly different approach:
1. In addition to elimination drugs, the use of injectable forms of antihistamines is justified: tavegil 0.1% 2 ml, suprastin 2% 1 ml for 2-3 days. If these drugs are ineffective, glucocorticosteroids are prescribed: prednisolone 30-90 mg intramuscularly or intravenously. At the same time, anti-allergic drugs are taken in tablets.
2. Methods of enterosorption - polyphytosorbent, sillard-2, microcel, enterosgel, lingosorb).

Severe urticaria requires more extensive use of injectable glucocorticoids and antihistamines.

An important link in the treatment of allergic diseases is efferent therapy aimed at removing (eliminating) xenobiotics, harmful metabolites from the body. The accumulated experience of efferent therapy has shown its effectiveness in allergic diseases both in the acute period and in order to prevent relapses. The most effective methods of cleaning the internal environment include sorption methods, i.e. artificial "elimination" detoxification by removing harmful substances from the body with the help of sorbents.

Since the rash is an integral part of the course of urticaria, it is necessary to find out its causes, based on the forms of the disease. There are two of them - actually allergic and pseudo-allergic.

In the first case, upon repeated contact with the allergen, the so-called immediate hypersensitivity (reaction) (IHT) occurs, during which various biological substances are produced and released into the blood, leading to the disease. This occurs because, upon first contact with a given allergic agent, mast cells (macrophages) “remember” it, and upon subsequent exposure to the allergen, elements of the immune system attack it, causing a reaction.

Allergens with which a person has been in contact can be a huge variety. They are classified according to their natural origin:

Food - the most common cause of a rash with hives is food - seafood, honey and its derivatives, nuts and legumes, fruits - often citrus fruits.
Medicines - various types of medicines often cause allergies and skin rashes. Most often these are vitamins, antibiotics, ointments and creams with medicinal substances-allergens.
Household - various washing, cleaning, bleaching agents contain aggressive substances, which are often allergens. In addition, this includes cosmetics and perfumes, dust, pet hair and wild animals.
Substances that enter the body upon contact with insects - the poison of bees, bumblebees, etc.

Above are the most common allergens leading to a rash in this disease. This list can be continued for a long time, adding here both technical means and specific agents.

Pseudo-allergic has many types, each of which has its own description.

Processes leading to breakouts

For the appearance of a rash, repeated contact with an allergic agent is necessary. After direct contact, a whole cascade of reactions is launched. First of all, the permeability of the capillaries of the skin increases - small vessels penetrating the thickness of the latter. In this regard, the amount of tissue fluid increases, the skin "swells", and a large amount of blood arriving here due to high capillary permeability leads to the main manifestations - redness, itching, and the development of rash elements.

At the biochemical and molecular levels, inflammatory mediators are involved in the rash - always present substances in an allergic reaction - histamine, bradykinin, interleukins produced by cells of the immune system. They, in turn, are activated under the influence of the mechanism associated with immunoglobulin E - when the cells of the immune system "remember" the allergen. This is the pathogenesis of the development of allergic urticaria.

If the rash appears without the participation of antibodies such as immunoglobulin E, then they speak of a pseudo-allergic form. There will be differences between the rashes.

Description and characteristics

The rash in the allergic form of urticaria most often has a characteristic picture. After a sensation of itching, blisters appear on the skin within a few minutes. He:

Bright red or white (when pressed).
Rise above the skin.
Sizes range from a few millimeters to 10-15 cm.
The edges of the blister are often correct, sometimes they can have a bizarre shape.
The skin surrounding the blister is also red.

Pseudo-allergic urticaria is of different types, characterized by polymorphic rashes.

Possible options

With solar urticaria, the rash is small, no more than 1-2 millimeters. It looks like pink blisters surrounded by a red "belt". The appearance of rashes is accompanied by itching. They occur with this type of urticaria a few minutes after exposure to sunlight.

If with an immediate form of such a reaction the rash occurs immediately, then with a delayed one - after 10 hours after contact. Blisters can be in the form of both small elements and large spots. The rashes are itchy, localization corresponds to the places of contact with cold.

The nature of the rash with aquatic urticaria is very different from the rest. Firstly, often a person has nothing more than itching. Secondly, if rashes appear, they resemble burn lesions. At the site of the rash, dry skin occurs, which intensifies itching. Such a rash appears in places with delicate skin and tends to progress.

With food urticaria, a rash of bright red color, small, itchy is noted. A feature of this rash, like the form, is the frequent development of Quincke's edema, a life-threatening condition.

Urticaria due to mechanical stimuli. The latter are the edges of clothing adjacent to the body, seams, collars, belts, etc. Rashes are of two types - linear, pale, protruding above the skin with severe itching, aggravated at night, and the classic version of blisters - light colors with dark red " belt" around.

With stress urticaria, blisters of huge diameters are noted, merging with each other. They have a round shape, at the confluence - polygonal. Their color is not intense - more often pale pink, but it can also be multiple - the blister is white in the central part, pink on the periphery.

Localized mainly on the upper half of the torso and arms, neck. Sometimes the blisters can reach such small sizes that they are not visible to the naked eye - then the patient may complain only of severe itching.

The rash in chronic urticaria has a clear shape and edges, rises above the surface of the skin, is localized spontaneously, and is not as red as in acute cases.

Save duration

Single rashes remain on the skin from several minutes to 24 hours. They pass without a trace. The diagnosis of chronic urticaria is valid for a rash that has been more than 30 days since its onset.

Methods of treatment

As with any treatment, the fight against hives rash must begin with the elimination of the causative factor - in this case, the allergen. Various medicines, physiotherapy, diets are prescribed.

It is necessary to distinguish between emergency drugs for urticaria and means of course treatment. Ambulance preparations mean adrenaline, Diphenhydramine, Prednisolone and others used once by an ambulance team or a doctor. Course treatment includes, first of all, the use of histamine blockers - Zirtek, Claritin, Ezlor, Zodak and others. It is better to use drugs of the latest generations.

Often, vitamins of groups A, B, C, PP, as well as inorganic minerals, such as magnesium, are used in the treatment of urticaria.

Physiotherapeutic methods of getting rid of the problem - ultrasonic exposure, ultraviolet irradiation, darsonvalization, baths with sulfides and radon. Dieting means avoiding foods that cause allergies, and a balanced diet, the diet of which contains all the elements necessary for a person.

Consequences of the rash and complications

When stopping an allergic reaction with medications, the rash disappears without a trace. In the case of a chronic course of urticaria, there may be two options for the development of complications:

The occurrence of bacterial or fungal skin diseases due to an infection that has got into the rash - after scratching, damage, a course of antibiotic therapy.
Hyperpigmentation - occurs after prolonged sun exposure.

Patients with chronic urticaria and rash are not recommended to stay in direct sunlight for a long time and visit a solarium.