How does the intrauterine device work? Gynecological spiral

Nowadays it is not difficult to choose effective remedy contraception. Married couple has the right to choose a method independently, taking into account all the pros and cons. It is very important to visit a doctor and consult on this issue. After all, the health of a woman who wants to become a mother or already has children primarily depends on this. One of the most popular methods is the intrauterine device. Let's look further at the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

How does the IUD work?

The purpose of the IUD is to protect against unplanned pregnancy. The name suggests that it is inserted into the uterine cavity, and it was obtained due to the previous appearance of the product, as it looked like a spiral. Currently, the IUD is a T-shaped stick made of flexible inert plastic. This material is completely safe for women's health.

There are two types of spirals:

The upper part of the spiral is in the form of a thin copper wire.
The spiral contains a container with hormones that enter the uterus throughout its entire lifespan.

It has both the first and second types of pros and cons. The photo above shows what this type of contraception currently looks like.

The principle of operation of the spiral:

Who can install a spiral:

A woman who has given birth and is over 35 years old.
Women who have children after an abortion without complications.
Without cervical pathologies.
If you protect yourself with oral contraceptives Not recommended.
Women who have low level sexually transmitted infections.

Contraindications to the IUD

Before using this method of contraception, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

And also make sure that there are no following contraindications:

There was no birth yet.
Constant change of sexual partner.
Cancers of the pelvic organs.
The presence of injuries and stitches on the cervix.
Ectopic pregnancy.
Blood diseases. Anemia.
Infertility.
Vaginal infections.
Availability inflammatory processes in the reproductive system.

How to prepare for installing a spiral

First of all, you need to select a suitable spiral and undergo an examination, which includes:

Next, the doctor must probe the uterine cavity and determine the distance between the uterine angles. And only after thorough examination and there are no contraindications, an intrauterine device is installed. The pros and cons of BMC should already be considered by you.

Features of the first days with a spiral

It is worth noting that intrauterine device Only a doctor can install and remove. Within a few days after installing the coil, the following may appear: side effects:

Lower abdominal pain.
Bloody discharge.

You should also avoid increased physical activity. Must be adhered to proper nutrition, rest more, lie down.

The manifestation of side effects can be observed for six months and will disappear completely over time.

Must be taken regularly medical checkup after the IUD was installed. After installation, a month later, then after 3 months, then once every six months.

What are the advantages of the IUD?

If you have chosen a contraceptive method such as an intrauterine device, you need to know all the pros and cons.

Let's look at the positive aspects:

It does not require special care. After installation, after a period of rehabilitation, it is practically not felt.
Efficiency is 95-98%.
Can be installed for several years.
For many women, the menstrual cycle becomes shorter, and the periods themselves become almost painless.
Has a positive healing effect for uterine fibroids and other gynecological pathologies.
Can be used during breastfeeding.
Does not affect reproductive function in organism.
The effectiveness remains regardless of taking any medications.
Economical and convenient. There is no need to follow a dosage schedule or spend money on regularly purchasing contraceptives.

What are the disadvantages of the IUD?

There are also negative sides IUD use:

There is a high risk of ectopic pregnancy.
There is no protection against sexually transmitted diseases.
Risk increases inflammatory diseases.
Can not use nulliparous women.
Painful periods for the first six months.
Large blood losses are possible.

We looked at the pros and cons of a contraceptive such as an intrauterine device. We will consider the consequences of BMC further.

What complications can there be when using an IUD?

The qualifications and experience of the doctor are of great importance, since correct installation or removal by an inexperienced specialist can lead to removal of the uterus. Knowing the pros and cons of the intrauterine device, you need to know what complications are possible when using it.

Possible complications when using an IUD:

Perforation of the uterine walls.
Cervical rupture.
Bleeding after installation.
The IUD can grow into the uterus.
The antennae can irritate the walls of the cervix.
The spiral may move or fall out if incorrectly selected and installed.
Pain in the lower abdomen.

You need to urgently visit a specialist if:

Severe pain appeared in the lower abdomen.
There is a suspicion of pregnancy.
The bleeding continues a long period time.
There are signs of infection: elevated temperature body, unusual vaginal discharge.
Pain or bleeding occurs during sexual intercourse.
The IUD strings have become longer or shorter.

We looked at what an intrauterine device is, the pros and cons of this method of contraception, as well as possible complications. Next, consider patient reviews.

Of the various methods of contraception, let's discuss intrauterine contraceptives (IUDs), also known as . This type contraception is considered the most effective.

What is the Navy

An intrauterine device is a small device made of plastic with the addition of copper, silver, gold, and is an intrauterine device contraceptive. IUDs with the addition of precious metals are more effective and contribute more to reducing the inflammatory process, but their cost is higher than usual.

The main function of the IUD is to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. And copper, which is part of the spiral, promotes the production of female body a natural liquid spermicide that stops the movement of sperm and prevents them from reuniting with the egg. In case of failure and if the connection of two cells nevertheless occurs, then the number of endometrium begins to decrease, while the egg does not have the opportunity to attach to the wall of the uterus.

As you know, in certain cases, doctors may not recommend, or even prohibit the use of a particular drug, so, IUDs also have a list of contraindications for which installation is not recommended, here is the list:

Pregnancy;
Diseases or the presence of pathologies in the pelvic organs;
Erosive defect of the cervix;
Oncological neoplasms located in the uterine cavity or cervix;
Bleeding of unknown origin.

The use of an IUD is also not recommended for women who have not yet given birth. A refusal may be an increased risk of an inflammatory process in the uterus, which sometimes leads to pain that occurs during installation of this medical device and possibly with further use. For nulliparous women, the only exception is a contraindication to pregnancy if it is impossible to use other methods of birth control.

A unique IUD that would suit any woman has not yet been created. For selection optimal option according to individual physiological characteristics the patient’s body requires consultation with a gynecologist.

It is precisely because of the structural features of the uterus and the presence or absence of deviations in its development that the specialist chooses the appropriate type of remedy. Types of intrauterine devices are divided into 4 generations:

The first generation is an inert IUD. The “Lipps loop” was very popular at the time - it looked like a Latin S and was made of polyethylene. They had low efficiency and frequent cases of expulsions;
The second generation is a copper IUD. Acts as a spermicide and stimulates the myometrium. In the uterine cavity, the environment becomes acidic due to copper, due to which the activity of sperm is significantly reduced. However, due to the rapid release of metal, this product is changed every 2-3 years;
The third generation includes intrauterine devices, which contain silver in addition to copper. High efficiency and increased period of use up to 5 years;
The fourth generation is an intrauterine hormonal device. It has the shape of the letter T. The IUD leg contains the hormone levonorgestrel or progesterone, which is released into the uterus daily, suppressing the maturation and subsequent release of the egg, also affecting the endometrium. Disease frequency inflammatory in nature genitalia is significantly reduced, hyperpolymenorrhea is reduced. The period of use of this IUD is from 5 to 7 years.

Spirals can also be divided according to appearance, that is, according to their form:

T-spirals;
means in the form of a loop;
ring-shaped intrauterine device;
IUD in the form of a spiral or umbrella.

Types of IUDs.

IUDs that have become popular, price

T-shaped spirals are most widespread. This type also includes Mirena, which contains the hormone levonorgestel, which is released into the body at 24 mcg per day, evenly. The effect lasts for 5 years. This product costs 7-10 thousand rubles.

Multiload is an oval-shaped product with protrusions with spikes, for more convenient strengthening in the uterus, on the walls, accordingly reducing the risk of expulsion. Cost – 2-3 thousand rubles.

Nova T is an IUD with an appropriate shape (T-shaped) containing copper. Its price is up to 2 thousand rubles and the period of use is 5 years.

Insertion of intrauterine devices

Walkthrough necessary tests and ultrasound to exclude diseases, pregnancy or pathologies that are included in the list of contraindications for the use of these devices, is the main condition before installing the necessary and suitable spiral.

The installation of the spiral is carried out by a gynecologist on days 5-7 menstrual cycle, and you can insert a contraceptive intrauterine ring (such as Juno Bio) on the 3-4th day of the cycle. Before the insertion procedure, the uterine cavity is washed with a special solution, after which the depth of the uterine cervix is measured and the IUD is inserted. The threads located on the spiral are shortened, leaving short “antennae” of up to 2 cm, for control and subsequent removal. The whole process takes about 10 minutes.

Advantages and disadvantages of using an IUD

Highly effective (up to 99%), no need to monitor every day. This method works from 3 to 10 years depending on the type of IUD and does not affect the process of conception after removal;
Control of the “antennae” of the IUD to prevent expulsion.

Negative aspects are also present

Appearance or intensification pain upon administration and further use;
Increased discharge during menstruation, as well as the appearance of “spotting” between menstruation;
Vaginal discharge with an uncharacteristic odor may appear;
Possible ectopic pregnancy;

Extraction

The IUD can be removed at any time if the patient so desires. Before undergoing the extraction procedure, you also need to undergo a series of tests.

Reason for patients’ refusal to install the IUD

A categorical refusal may be related to religious considerations; according to these women, the IUD operates on the principle of early abortion, since sometimes the process of conception occurs. In this case, it is necessary to recommend hormone-containing spirals.

Video: Intrauterine device

An IUD is an intrauterine contraceptive device, which is a plastic or metal device that prevents a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus. Thus, the abortive effect of the intrauterine device is carried out. This means that if fertilization has occurred, the IUD does not allow the embryo to implant into the uterus. Thus, he dies, as a rule, at the age of 5-10 days.

Intrauterine device: how does it work and affect the body?

The IUD, unlike other contraceptives, is not a means of preventing the movement of sperm. These plastic, silver or copper contraceptives directly affect sperm, which lose their ability to fertilize. Also, the principle of operation of the intrauterine device is to change the properties of the uterine mucosa. The IUD makes it unsuitable for embryo implantation. Consequently, this contraceptive drug acts as an abortifacient.

In addition, it should be noted that there are IUDs that contain hormones. The principle of this type of intrauterine device is no different from the above-mentioned IUDs, however, such a contraceptive leads to the gradual disappearance of menstruation (amenorrhea). It also affects the permeability of the cervix for pathogenic microbes and sperm.

The contraceptive effect of the IUD remains permanent. It works even during menstruation. The effectiveness of this contraceptive may weaken only after its expiration date. Today, there are IUDs designed to last for several years.

Pros and cons of the intrauterine device

The IUD is the only contraceptive that promotes long-term contraceptive action. The only exception is surgical sterilization. However, unlike this method, the IUD is a reversible procedure. After the expiration date of this contraceptive, a woman can regain her ability to conceive within three months.

Also, anyone who is wondering how the anti-pregnancy IUD works should know that this contraceptive can be used in the presence of various therapeutic diseases. However, for diseases of the blood system, the IUD can provide negative effect on general state women. In any case, before using this drug you should learn how the intrauterine device works. Videos with recommendations can be easily found on specialized Internet sites.

It is worth noting that the IUD can lead to other side effects. The most serious side effect is the risk of inflammation. As a rule, this is facilitated by finding foreign body in the uterus. To become familiar with other side effects that occur during the operation of the IUD, you need to look at the instructions. The intrauterine device, which has an abortifacient effect, guarantees an effectiveness of 97-98%. Thus, there is a minimal chance that a woman will become pregnant while using this drug.

A modern intrauterine device is a small device made of plastic and has T-shape. Often, spirals are coated with various metals; such spirals containing hormones are produced. Today this is one of the most popular means of contraception, as it gives enough reliable protection, and the price of an intrauterine device is affordable for any woman.

Many women choose the IUD without fully familiarizing themselves with the peculiarities of its effect on the body, which leads to problems in the future. Therefore, before choosing any method of contraception, including the IUD, you need to study all the information about it and carefully analyze all the pros and cons.

What is an intrauterine device and how does it work (Video)

The intrauterine device today is one of the most effective methods contraception. After its installation, the likelihood of unwanted pregnancy decreases to a few tenths of a percent. Modern spirals are very compact in size and very easy to install, without reducing their effectiveness.

The intrauterine device works in two directions at once. Its presence in the uterus makes implantation of the embryo impossible. Therefore, even if the egg is fertilized, pregnancy, or the actual consolidation of the cell and the formation of an embryo, will not occur. In addition, the spiral is often coated with various metals, for example, copper, silver or gold, which act on sperm, making them incapable of fertilization, this minimizes not only the possibility of implantation of a fertilized cell, but also the possibility of fertilization itself.

The spiral protects against unwanted pregnancy in several ways at once, guaranteeing an almost one hundred percent effect.

In addition, today there are spirals containing hormones, which, in addition to all the properties already mentioned, slowly release a hormonal drug that blocks the growth of the endometrium, reduces the permeability of the cervix for sperm and leads to the disappearance of menstruation. Such spirals are usually designed to last for several years.

What intrauterine devices exist - types and materials

Most modern spirals have the shape of the letter T, since this shape is the most physiological. The most popular are simple plastic coils with copper coating. Such a coil constantly releases trace amounts of copper, which negatively affects the condition of sperm. They are very effective, while the price of the intrauterine device remains very affordable. This is especially noticeable when you consider that such a spiral can remain in a woman’s body for up to 10 years. In addition to T-shaped copper spirals, Multiload spirals are produced, which have a semi-oval shape. They are more securely fixed in the uterine cavity and fall out less often, which makes them more reliable.

Some types of intrauterine devices with precious metals are quite popular these days. Such spirals may have a gold or silver coating, or a core made of precious metal. Such spirals are often chosen due to the fact that noble metals supposedly protect against pregnancy more effectively, but this is not true medical reasons. As for the disinfecting effect of noble metals, gold and silver spirals are indeed capable of preventing the development of inflammatory processes. But the price of an intrauterine device with precious metals often scares off patients.

The most popular today are plastic spirals with copper, but you can also choose hormonal systems or spirals with noble metals.

The most modern look intrauterine devices are hormone-containing devices. Such spirals are very effective, and not only protect against almost one hundred percent, but also help cure endometrial hyperplasia, adenoma initial stage and strong menstrual pain. But you need to understand that such a device also has all the side effects of hormonal drugs.

Installation and removal of the intrauterine device

Many women refuse to use intrauterine devices because they are afraid of the process of inserting and removing them. In fact, everything is very simple and almost painless. Before the procedure for installing an intrauterine device, an examination is required on a gynecological chair. It is necessary to exclude the presence of inflammatory diseases and STDs; a PAP test and colposcopy, as well as an ultrasound, are usually also performed. This helps to exclude the presence of contraindications to the installation of the IUD, as well as pregnancy.

The installation of the intrauterine device itself takes only a few minutes and does not require anesthesia. Some discomfort, of course, are possible; they usually occur in nulliparous women. But, if the doctor does everything correctly, then such sensations will be minimal. After installation of the intrauterine device, an ultrasound scan is required to monitor its position. Within 4 weeks after the installation procedure, you must visit the gynecologist again to monitor the position of the spiral and analyze possible problems.

You can install the IUD on almost any day of the cycle, but it is best to do this during the first 7 days of the cycle. This will completely eliminate the possibility of pregnancy at the time of installation. In addition, this reduces the possibility of unauthorized expulsion of the IUD from the uterine cavity. The spiral can also be used as emergency method contraception. If you install it within 5 days from the moment of sexual intercourse, it will help avoid pregnancy much more effectively than.

At the right approach and sufficient skill of the doctor, installation and removal of the spiral is almost painless.

Removal of the intrauterine device is carried out when a woman decides to become pregnant. In addition, the spiral is removed after the time for which it was installed has expired. It is best to remove the intrauterine device during menstruation. During this period, the cervix opens slightly, so removing the IUD will cause minimal discomfort. Removal of the intrauterine device is carried out using special threads attached to it. After removal, the coil must be shown to the patient to ensure that it has been accurately removed. An ultrasound examination is then performed to rule out the possibility that part of the device remains inside the body.

Advantages of the IUD over other methods of contraception

According to reviews, there are many advantages of the intrauterine device. The first thing that attracts most patients is the relatively low price of the intrauterine device with a long service life, up to 10 years. This allows for significant cost savings compared to barrier methods contraception or taking hormonal contraceptive medications.

The second indisputable advantage of the IUD is the ability to put it on once and forget about protection for several years. This is very important for married women living an active and regular sex life. Thinking about pills every morning or being afraid of getting pregnant every evening is at least inconvenient.

Comfort and low price are the main advantages of intrauterine devices.

Today you can choose an IUD that will not only protect against unwanted pregnancy, but will also have medicinal properties. There are spirals with a bactericidal effect, as well as spirals with hormonal components. Although IUDs are also reported to cause side effects, they never cause obesity, bleeding disorders, or headaches like hormonal drugs. It is also important that IUDs (except hormonal ones) do not negatively affect lactation and are not contraindicated during this period.

Sometimes men complain of discomfort during sexual intercourse from the IUD, but most often this is self-hypnosis, and if they are not warned about it, they do not notice anything.

Side effects of using the IUD

Although most reviews about the intrauterine device are positive and reassuring of their safety and convenience, there is also information about negative side effects from using the device. To be fair, it should be said that all the troubles associated with the use of the IUD most often go away within a few months after installation, but not all women survive this period. If the discomfort does not go away, removal of the intrauterine device is required.

After choosing the best intrauterine device and its installation, pain in the lower abdomen may appear, sometimes spotting in the middle of the cycle may appear, and menstruation may become longer and more painful. Sometimes the coils can spontaneously leave the uterus, this is especially common after lifting weights.

Majority side effects spirals pass within a few months.

In addition, when using the IUD, like any other contraceptive, there is a minimal chance of pregnancy. In this case, it is often ectopic. But even normal pregnancy against the background of a spiral, it often requires interruption.

Contraindications to the installation of an intrauterine device

Whatever type of intrauterine device you choose, you must take into account that they are not suitable for all women. Regardless of the quality and price of the intrauterine device, there are conditions in which it cannot be used. These conditions include any disease that deforms cervical canal or the uterine cavity. These include a narrowing of the canal in the cervix, a saddle-shaped or bicornuate uterus, and fibroids. The IUD should not be used by those who have been diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy in the past.

Before installing an intrauterine device, it is very important to study the list of contraindications to them.

Although reviews of intrauterine devices are mostly positive, their use is not recommended:

with frequent genital infections and inflammatory genital organs;
in the presence of tumors of the genital organs and;
in adolescents and nulliparous women;
at frequent changes sexual partners.

Determine whether it is worth installing a spiral and select correct view A gynecologist will help you with an intrauterine device. Fortunately, situations where all types of intrauterine devices are contraindicated or when they cause unpleasant side effects are rare; today this is one of the simplest and safe methods contraception.

The intrauterine device is one of the most common contraceptives. The technique is considered one of the most reliable for avoiding unwanted conception. An anti-pregnancy device is a small device, the length of which does not exceed the size of a matchbox, which helps to effectively protect against the birth of an unwanted child.

The mechanisms of functioning of the intrauterine contraceptive is to prevent fertilization female cell, which moves 6-7 times faster through the fallopian tubes, so develop required properties it does not have time to penetrate into the endometrial layer. As a result, it cannot gain a foothold for subsequent development. Simply put, the principle of operation of the IUD is that the device takes the place of a female cell in the uterus, preventing it from gaining a foothold. The cage does not find a place for attachment and with the first menstruation it comes out.

The IUD contains copper, which enhances the contraceptive effect due to its cytotoxic effect on the fertilized cell and sperm. Contraceptive effect when using a spiral, it is 90-98%, so this device can be classified as a highly effective means of helping not to get pregnant.

Types of contraception

A spiral suitable for all patients has not yet been invented, therefore, in order not to conceive, it is necessary to select a device for each woman purely individually, taking into account physiological differences. All spirals are divided into 4 generations.

Depending on the shape, the spirals are T-shaped, loop-shaped, ring-shaped, spiral-shaped or umbrella-shaped. In addition, there is also separate species of such contraceptives is the male IUD. This is a fairly new method of contraception, which involves installing a microscopic umbrella in the scrotum, where it is inserted transurethrally. At the end of the umbrella there is a gel-like preparation that has a spermicidal effect. When sperm passes through such a spiral, the sperm die under the action of spermicide, so the man becomes unable to fertilize. In Russian clinics, such contraception is still not widespread.

Benefits of use

The use of an intrauterine device has many undeniable advantages. Firstly, such a device is easy to operate. The IUD is installed by a gynecologist, the process takes about five minutes, and immediately after installation a contraceptive effect is observed. If the patient suddenly wants to get pregnant, she will just need to go to the gynecologist, who will just as quickly remove the small device. And you can immediately begin trying to conceive. Does not require a spiral or any overly strict control, such as, for example, with a contraceptive oral contraception when you need to take pills strictly by the hour. With a spiral, everything is simpler; people remember it when they need to replace it.

The device does not interfere with intimate life in any way; a man will not feel the presence of an IUD in his partner. This contraceptive is ideal for nursing mothers, as it is safe for lactation and the baby. And if we talk about hormonal IUDs, then besides contraceptive effect they also provide a therapeutic effect for pathologies such as mastopathy, endometriosis, enlarged fibroids, inflammation in the reproductive system, endometriosis, etc. In addition, hormones help to shorten menstruation and reduce their abundance.

Disadvantages of contraception

Available from intrauterine contraception your shortcomings. Immediately after installing the device, you will have to be patient a little, because in the first days, patients note painful discomfort in the uterine area, and some even experience bloody spotting. In addition, there are other disadvantages:

In the first month after installation, patients should exclude physical exercise, dragging weights, visiting saunas or swimming pools. This necessary condition so that the contraceptive is firmly entrenched in the uterine body and the body can fully accept the foreign device.
It is impossible to guarantee one hundred percent protection against pregnancy, just as no other contraceptive means guarantees it. Pregnancy occurs in approximately 5-10% of cases of IUD use. The device prevents the cell from attaching to the walls, and also has a detrimental effect on sperm. But sometimes the cell still manages to penetrate the wall fallopian tube, which is why an ectopic pregnancy develops. This is a significant disadvantage that can have very disappointing consequences.
Although the IUD protects against gynecological inflammation, it is not able to prevent STIs. Therefore, if there is a threat of infection, it is better to use a condom during intimacy. If the infection does penetrate the uterus, it will be much more severe, more difficult to treat, and will lead to complications. That's why contraceptive device It is recommended only for patients who have a regular sexual partner.
Sometimes, if the installation technique is violated or the spiral is selected incorrectly, the uterine wall can be damaged, which will lead to an intrauterine inflammatory process.
If medical recommendations are violated, especially in the first month after installation, the device may simply fall out without the woman noticing, and subsequently an unexpected pregnancy may occur.

An IUD for pregnancy can only be installed in a gynecological office and for a woman who has already given birth, because nulliparous girls the use of this method of contraception is contraindicated.

Indications for use

Usually the contraceptive is installed on long term 3-7 years, and such contraception is prescribed in cases of frequent pregnancies and excessive fertility of a woman, when there is no desire to give birth to children, if there is pathological conditions, which are contraindications for conceiving and bearing a baby. Sometimes one of the parents has dangerous hereditary pathologies that do not allow the couple to have a child due to high risk transmission of the disease. In this case, the spiral can become completely effective way avoid unwanted conception.

Preparation and installation

Before inserting an IUD, the patient must undergo gynecological examination, during which laboratory research blood and urine, vaginal smear, ultrasound diagnostics and medical examination. If there are no contraindications, an installation day is scheduled. Typically, an IUD is recommended to be installed on days 4-8 of the cycle. This action is carried out in treatment room gynecologist. The first menstruation becomes heavier and longer than usual, but in the future they should normalize.

The doctor should also remove the coil, try self-removal can lead to damage to the uterine walls, bleeding, etc. Another spiral can be installed during the removal of the previous structure.

Adverse reactions

The use of a spiral may cause some adverse reactions, which include uterine bleeding, sexually transmitted infections and painful sensations in the area of the uterus. Not all patients experience such reactions. For example, about 4% of women who use IUDs experience genital infectious and inflammatory lesions. The presence of such a design leads to the fact that similar pathologies are much more severe than in the absence of a contraceptive. They are characterized severe pain, purulent mucous discharge and pronounced hyperthermic manifestations. They are complicated by the disintegration of the uterine and adnexal tissues. Therefore, antibiotic therapy is prescribed for prophylaxis after IUD installation.

In approximately a quarter of patients, while using intrauterine contraception, regular uterine bleeding not associated with menstrual bleeding occurs, or an increase in the amount of blood released during menstruation occurs. Similar consequences are dangerous for the development of iron deficiency anemia or iron deficiency anemia, which is characterized by shortness of breath and weakness, pallor and brittleness of nails, hair loss, and intraorganic dystrophy.

About 6-9% of women suffer from pain in the abdominal area after installation of the structure. If you are bothered by cramp-like painful sensations with bloody discharge, then there is a high probability of the intrauterine device falling out on its own. If a woman feels after installation constant pain in the abdomen, then such a sign may indicate an incorrectly selected contraceptive size. Therefore, the spiral must be replaced.

Contraindications

Experts identify a number of contraindications for the use of such a method of contraception as the contraceptive device. Such contraindications include:

Presence of pregnancy;
Oncology of the body and cervix;
Pathologies such as adnexitis and endometritis, colpitis and other pelvic inflammations;
A history of pregnancy with ectopic embryo development;
Hyperplastic endometrial changes;
Blood pathologies;
Heavy periods or frequent cases intermenstrual bleeding;
Excessively painful periods are also sometimes a contraindication for the IUD;
Presence of uterine deformities;
Submucous uterine fibroids;
Severe forms of intraorganic inflammatory processes;
If there have been previous cases of prolapse of the intrauterine device;
No history of childbirth;
The presence of intolerance or hypersensitivity to spiral components such as levonorgestrel or copper.

In some cases, when using an IUD, conception occurs, which is most often ectopic in nature. If this happens, then further events develop in several ways. An abortion is prescribed, since such a pregnancy can be accompanied by an infectious embryonic lesion and often ends in spontaneous miscarriage.

The doctor may also remove the device, during which a miscarriage often occurs. Sometimes the pregnancy is maintained, but during the gestation process the behavior of the IUD is closely monitored so that it does not interfere with the child and does not provoke the development of any deformities. IN similar situation There is always a risk of various pregnancy complications.