Nutrition for bradycardia in children. How to treat bradycardia at home - the best folk remedies

A state of oxygen starvation develops, which negatively affects the activity of all internal organs. Treatment of bradyarrhythmia is mandatory, since this pathology threatens the life and health of the patient.

• Clinical manifestations
• Medical therapy
• First aid

The cause of bradycardia, as a rule, is some other disease that leads to structural changes in the conduction system of the heart. The most common cause is coronary heart disease and its complications, namely post-infarction macrofocal and/or diffuse cardiosclerosis.

Sclerotic processes affect not only the heart muscle, but also the elements of the conduction system that lie in the myocardium, thereby creating an obstacle to the passage of a nerve impulse.

Depending on the level at which damage to the structures of the conduction system of the heart occurred, 3 possible sources of bradycardia are distinguished.

1. Sinoatrial node (SA node). Normally, the electrical impulse that stimulates the contraction of the heart muscle originates here. And if for any reason the cells of this node are damaged, then this inevitably entails the development of the syndrome of weakness of the sinus node, the main manifestation of which is bradyarrhythmia.
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node). Normally, an electrical impulse, passing through this node, extends to the myocardium of the ventricles of the heart. If this node is damaged, the development of bradyarrhythmia is also possible.
3. Blockades. The cause of the development of bradyarrhythmia can also be a block that develops in any zone of the conduction system of the heart, and thereby prevents the formation of a normal heart rhythm.

In addition, there are cases when the exact cause of development, as well as the morphological basis of bradycardia, cannot be established. Such cases are referred to as idiopathic cardiac arrhythmias.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of bradycardia, as a rule, form a typical clinical picture. For this variant of arrhythmia, the following manifestations are characteristic:

• deterioration in exercise tolerance;
• severe general weakness, increased fatigue;
• episodes of dizziness;
• fainting states;
• instability of blood pressure;
• heart pain.

The presence of the above symptoms is an alarming signal for the patient. It is recommended to start treatment as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, as bradyarrhythmia may be complicated by the development of life-threatening conditions such as:

• Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome;
• sudden cardiac arrest;
• hypertensive crisis;
• myocardial infarction;
• heart failure.

So, the symptoms of bradyarrhythmia are a signal to start treatment, but in order to select the right therapy, it is necessary to confirm the presence of this pathology, as well as to formulate a complete clinical diagnosis. For this purpose, special research methods are used, which are listed below.

• Electrocardiography (ECG). This method does not lose its relevance, since it allows you to register any variant of rhythm and conduction disturbances.
• Holter monitoring. This method is a kind of ECG study. Holter monitoring involves performing a continuous ECG during the day, which allows you to identify incoming (unstable) heart rhythm disturbances.
• Echocardiography (EchoCG). EchoCG is an ultrasound examination and is the most informative of all currently available methods for examining the heart.
• Veloergometry. This is a stress test that allows you to assess the adequacy of the increase in heart rate in response to physical activity, as well as to diagnose coronary heart disease, to choose the most effective treatment.
• X-ray examination of the chest organs. This method allows you to assess the size and contours of the heart, as well as identify signs of stagnation in the pulmonary circulation.

The above methods are specific for diagnosing heart disease. In each case, it is necessary to search for the cause of the development of bradycardia, while remembering that the cause may not be a cardiac pathology.

Medical therapy

There are several methods for eliminating bradyarrhythmia, among which drug treatment is the most effective, which has been proven in a number of clinical studies.

The most convenient form of medicine for the patient is tablets.

That is why we will consider those drugs that are available in the form of tablets and can effectively eliminate bradycardia. But in any case, only a doctor can choose the right treatment. The main factor to be considered in the selection of a drug will be the "working" blood pressure.

Drugs that eliminate bradyarrhythmia in case of normal blood pressure.

• Isadrin. This drug belongs to the group of β-adrenergic stimulants, while the basis of its therapeutic effect in bradycardia is the improvement of excitability, as well as conductivity and contractility of the myocardium due to the effect on the sympathetic innervation of the heart. The drug does not affect blood pressure.
• Ipratropium bromide. The drug belongs to the group of M-cholinergic blockers, causes a pronounced and persistent increase in heart rate. Treatment with this drug also does not affect blood pressure.

The cost of drugs varies depending on the dosage of the active substance, the number of tablets in the package, as well as the manufacturer. Prices for the above medicines range from 300 to 800 rubles per package.

Short reference. The active ingredient in the drug "Ephalon" is ephedrine hydrochloride.

The principle of action of this substance is close to adrenaline, but ephedrine has a "softer" and longer lasting effect, which is its undoubted advantage.

This medicinal product can only be used as directed by a doctor. Absolute contraindications for admission are insomnia, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism.

Treatment with medications is a convenient and effective method. But the choice of therapy should be taken seriously. As a rule, this process takes some time, sometimes a month or even more. What to do if the symptoms of bradycardia developed suddenly, and the patient's condition deteriorated sharply?

First aid

First of all, it is necessary to measure the patient's pulse. If the heart rate is more than 40 beats per minute, then the following measures will be effective:

• drink strong tea;
• take drops of tincture of ginseng or belladonna;
• perform light physical exercises (warm-up, squats, and so on);
• take a warm bath.

These measures, of course, will not replace medical treatment, but will help to temporarily improve the patient's well-being.

In cases where the pulse is less than 40 beats per minute, it is urgent to call an ambulance and start treatment on your own, since such heart rate values ​​pose a threat to the patient's life.

Until the ambulance arrives, you can do the following:

• lay the patient on his back, provide him with complete rest;
• if there are complaints of chest pain - give a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue;
• if the patient is taking drugs to correct bradycardia (as prescribed by a doctor), give a single dose of the drug being taken.

Further actions should be carried out as soon as possible by the relevant specialists who will provide qualified medical care.

• Do you often experience discomfort in the area of ​​the heart (pain, tingling, squeezing)?
• You may suddenly feel weak and tired...
• Feeling high pressure all the time...
• There is nothing to say about shortness of breath after the slightest physical exertion ...
• And you have been taking a bunch of medications for a long time, dieting and watching your weight ...

Bradycardia (low pulse) in children and adults: types, occurrence, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment

Violation of the formation and conduction of an impulse in the heart leads to various types of arrhythmias. One of them is bradycardia - a decrease in the heart rate associated with a violation of automatism in the sinus node. Bradycardia is characterized by a rare number of contractions of the heart muscle (less than 50 per minute in adults, in childhood and adolescence, and less than 100 in infants).

Types of bradycardia and its causes

Physiological bradycardia

A decrease in heart rate is often noted in perfectly healthy people, for example, athletes or those who are engaged in physical labor. The number of myocardial contractions in them can decrease for up to a minute with the complete absence of symptoms such as shortness of breath, discomfort in the chest, fainting, dizziness and weakness, indicating a pathology of cardiac activity. This type of bradycardia is called physiological. For some people, it occurs at night at rest, but it does not lead to negative consequences, since during the night the need for oxygen decreases.

One of the most revealing cases of physiological bradycardia was observed in the cyclist Miguel Indurain at the peak of his career. Due to the overdevelopment of the cardiovascular system, the athlete's pulse at rest was 28 beats per minute. At the same time, the volume of his lungs reached 8 liters (for an average person - 3.5 - 4.5 liters), and blood circulation made it possible to pump up to 7 liters of blood per minute through the body (for ordinary people, an average of 3-4 liters, for his colleagues -cyclists 5-6 liters).

The main causes of physiological bradycardia in people involved in sports and leading an active lifestyle are associated with the increased functionality of their respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which provide the brain with enough oxygen even with a rare heart rate. Often, physiological bradycardia occurs when a person is very tired, gets into a stressful situation, stays in the cold for a long time or in conditions of high humidity and temperature, for example, in a sauna or steam bath. It can be caused by pressure from a tight tie against the throat (carotid sinus), or from a collar that is too tight around the neck. Physiological bradycardia does not pose a threat to human health, since it does not lead to a decrease in the blood supply to the brain and other organs. No treatment is required for this type of bradycardia.

Pathological bradycardias

With various changes in the conduction of the heart muscle, a pathological variety of bradycardia occurs, which is conventionally divided into two types.

Bradycardia with inhibition of pacemaker activity

The emergence of the first of the types of sinus (sinus) bradycardia which contributes to the inhibition of the activity of the pacemaker. It is caused by a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic department or an increase in excitation of the vagus nerve under the influence of humoral factors, which include an excess of acids in the blood with a high content of bile, an insufficient amount of hormones produced by the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).

A prerequisite for the occurrence of this type of bradycardia is often vagal (neurogenic) factors, which include:

• Natural aging of the body;
• Violations in the work of the vegetative-vascular system;
• Various kinds of neuroses;
• Increased intracranial pressure leading to a stroke (bleeding into the brain);
• brain tumors;
• The impact of drugs used to eliminate the symptoms of hypertension and heart disease (pilocarpine, beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides, etc.);
• Myxedema;
• Electrolyte imbalance (an excess of potassium in the blood);
• Some infectious diseases.

Bradycardia due to heart block

This type of sinus bradycardia can be caused by various types of heart block:

1. Sinoauricular blockade - a violation of the conduction of impulses through the atria. It is typical for her to conduct them from the sinus node to the myocardium every other time.
2. Atrioventricular blockade (impaired impulse passage through the ventricles), during which part of the ventricular contractions falls out (their number can be reduced to 40 per minute). There are three levels of severity. The first (easiest) degree is characterized by slow impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles. With the second (moderate) severity, part of the impulses ceases to reach the ventricles. The third degree is characterized by a decrease in the number of contractions of the ventricles due to the fact that not all impulses reach them.

Sinus bradycardia most often occurs in a chronic (extracardiac) form. But it can also have an acute (intracardial) course, which is caused by myocarditis, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction.

Clinical manifestations of bradycardia

The physiological appearance of this disease does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. The main symptoms of bradycardia occur in chronic forms.

• These are dizziness and weakness, a rare heart rate and a feeling that the heart stops, problems with sleep and memory.
• In the event of an acute form of severe bradycardia caused by sinoauricular blockade, heart failure is noted, accompanied by fainting and angina pectoris. In severe cases, the person may lose consciousness. At the same time, his breathing is disturbed, convulsions occur. This condition is called an MAS attack (according to the first letters of the names of the doctors who worked on their study of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome). It is caused by a decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain (hypoxia).
• With a significant slowdown in ventricular contractions (atrioventricular blockade), the blood supply to the brain is disrupted. This can cause general restlessness and sudden severe dizziness, a slight blackout. With an increase in the pause between heartbeats up to 15 seconds, a complete loss of consciousness or an attack of MAS may occur. Sometimes this causes cardiac arrest, which can lead to sudden death.

An injection of atropine is given to determine whether the slow heart rate is due to a functional component or heart block. With physiological bradycardia, this procedure brings the number of heartbeats back to normal. The lack of effect means that the cause of the disease lies in pathological disturbances in the conduction of the impulse.

Therapy for bradycardia

Treatment of bradycardia is carried out only with severe clinical manifestations and a clear violation of the hemodynamic process. If the person's heart rate is reduced to 40 beats per minute and there is frequent fainting, one of the following drugs is used:

1. Atropine - every 3 hours intravenously (2 mg) or subcutaneously (from 0.5 to 1.0 mg);
2. Isadrin - in a glucose solution (5%) by intravenous drip (2 ml per 0.5 l);
3. Isoproterenol - infusion (drip) administration (up to 4 mg);
4. Alupent (10 mg of the drug per 500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) - intravenously by drop method or eight times by ingestion of 20 mg;
5. Preparations of belladonna for the treatment of bradycardia that occurs without pronounced symptoms.
6. Ginseng or Eleutherococcus extract (the dosage is selected by the doctor for each individual patient);
7. With individual intolerance or existing contraindications to the use of Isadrin or Atropine, tablets of Ephedrine hydrochloride or Ipratropium bromide are prescribed.

The acute form of bradycardia caused by a violation of the conduction of the impulse requires urgent hospitalization and inpatient treatment aimed at eliminating the main causes that contribute to a decrease in heart rate. If bradycardia is associated with the natural aging of the patient's body (irreversible processes begin after the age) or medical therapy is ineffective, the patient is prescribed pacing (implantation under the patient's skin of a special device that normalizes the number of heartbeats). A consultation with a cardiac surgeon is mandatory for patients in whom bradycardia is accompanied by attacks of MAS (fainting). Their main danger lies in the fact that during fainting, the risk of cardiac arrest increases.

Traditional medicine in the treatment of bradycardia

A good addition to the main drug therapy for bradycardia is the treatment of folk remedies. It includes the following recipes:

Radish and honey

Radish juice with honey helps to speed up the heartbeat. To prepare this remedy, you need to cut off the top of the radish. Make an indentation inside by scooping out some of the pulp with a spoon. Fill it with honey and leave overnight. The next day, use the resulting syrup during the day, divided into three doses.

Walnuts

A proven remedy in the treatment of many heart diseases, including bradycardia, are walnuts. Take half a kilogram of peeled kernels, mix them with a glass of sugar and the same amount of sesame oil. Pour a liter of boiling water into 4 lemons cut into 4 parts. Mix all the obtained components. Take the mixture 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day for a tablespoon.

Lemon and garlic

Lemon and garlic are the most effective methods in the treatment of bradycardia. Squeeze juice out of 10 lemons. Chop and add 10 cloves of garlic to it. Pour all the ingredients with a liter of fresh honey. Insist for 10 days, shaking daily. Take 4 teaspoons on an empty stomach, sucking each serving for at least a minute.

pine shoots

Alcoholic tincture of young pine shoots. For its preparation, 70 branches are taken and infused in the sun in 300 ml of vodka for 10 days. Dosage per dose - 20 drops.

Rosehip decoction

Take 10 large berries and boil in 400 ml of water (about 15 minutes). Strain the cooled broth, rub the berries through a sieve into it, mix with three teaspoons of honey. Take half a glass daily before each meal until the complete disappearance of all signs of bradycardia.

Diagnosis of sinus bradycardia

Usually, bradycardia is diagnosed already at the doctor's appointment during listening.

• When listening to the atria, muffled tones are clearly felt during the distolic pause. They are called "systole echo".
• Every 5-10 beats at the top, the first tone of high volume is heard. It is called "Strazhesko's cannon tone". It is caused by the sound of sudden tension of the atrioventricular valve leaflets during contraction of the ventricles, which were in a relaxed state before contraction of the atria. This is the main evidence of the presence of a complete atrioventricular block.

An ECG is ordered to confirm the diagnosis. It shows the following:

• With sinoauricular blockade, sinus bradycardia is characterized by inconstancy of the rhythm, however, only a decrease in the rhythm is detected on the ECG, the teeth remain in a normal, undeformed state.
• Caused by atrioventricular block sinus bradycardia on the ECG is as follows:
  1. excitation of the ventricles and atria occurs independently of each other.
  2. the frequency of atrial contractions is increased, but occurs in the correct rhythm, this is indicated by the amplitude of the extrasystole P wave, it is reduced;
  3. the number of ventricular contractions is reduced, this is indicated by the formation of a pointed T wave of greater height, in some cases with a negative value;
  4. the amplitude of the QRS extrasystological ventricular complex is increased;
  5. part of the ventricular complexes falls out.

This means a decrease in the number of ventricular contractions. With a sharp decrease in heart rate (up to 40 beats / min), every second ventricular complex can fall out. In this case, Strazhesko's "cannon tone" is not audible. In milder forms, every fifth contraction of the ventricle falls out. Bradycardia refers to transient types of diseases. This means that it can only be detected if, at the time of taking the ECG, the patient has a clearly reduced heart rate. Therefore, doctors, before treating bradycardia, conduct Holter monitoring (control) of the functional activity of the heart. For its implementation, a portable electrocardiograph is installed for the patient, which monitors the work of the patient's heart muscle in everyday conditions. Monitoring is usually carried out for a day or several days.

How to increase the heart rate with bradycardia?

If a person is suddenly dizzy or has another ailment that indicates bradycardia, it is necessary to measure the pulse. This function is available in all modern tonometers. With a sharp decrease in heart rate (less than 40 per minute), you need to drink a cup of coffee or hot tea. The caffeine contained in them will begin to work after the first sips. You can enhance the effect of these drinks by adding a few drops (from 10 to 15) of pharmacy tinctures of Eleutherococcus, belladonna or ginseng to them. Taking a hot bath, jogging or doing physical exercises, massage will help to increase the pulse with bradycardia. But you can use these techniques to increase the pulse only with physiological bradycardia, when there are no medical contraindications. Medications are recommended to be used as prescribed by the attending physician, observing the established dosage, since its excess can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. Some believe that Zelenin drops are one of the effective fast-acting drugs. However, this drug has coronary dilatation properties, which leads to a slowing of the rhythm, so Zelenin drops are more suitable for rhythm disturbances such as tachycardia. This is a preparation based on plant extracts of belladonna, valerian, May lily of the valley and menthol. But they can cause unwanted side effects in the form of apathy and lethargy. With bradycardia with a decrease in heart rate to 35 beats per minute, treatment at home is not recommended, as this can be life-threatening. A person with a disturbed heartbeat needs to be given the necessary assistance and immediately call an ambulance.

Video: doctor's opinion about a pulse that is dangerous to health

How to provide first aid?

With a sharp decrease in the pulse with bradycardia, when a person is in a state close to fainting or has lost consciousness, he should be given first aid, which is as follows:

• If the patient has fallen to the floor, then it is necessary to turn him over on his back, raise his legs, placing a sofa cushion or pillow under them. It is desirable to maintain this situation until the arrival of doctors, whose call cannot be postponed. A conscious person should also be laid on a flat surface and his legs raised.
• Release your breath by unbuttoning the top button of your shirt and loosening the belt.
• In case of loss of consciousness, try to bring the person to his senses by patting him on the cheeks. If this does not help, splash your face with water.
• With a deep faint, a person can be brought to his senses by inhalation of products with a pungent odor (vinegar, ammonia). However, it should be remembered that ammonia (and vinegar) must be handled very carefully, since when brought close to the nasal passages, it can cause a sharp bronchospasm up to respiratory arrest.
• If the fainting lingers, and none of the above remedies help, care should be taken that hypothermia of the patient does not occur. To do this, his body is covered with heating pads with warm water.

• After the patient returns to consciousness, you need to measure his pulse.
• If you know what drugs he uses, then you need to give him to drink it.
• The arriving ambulance team must be told in detail about all the actions taken.
• Even with injection skills, it is better not to treat yourself. Drugs such as mezaton, atropine, which cause an increase in heart rate, can hardly be present in the home medicine cabinet of every person, they are only available by prescription. However, in the case of a long course of the disease, they are still sometimes prescribed to the patient, after informing the relatives about the precautions.

Bradycardia in childhood

Sinus bradycardia is often noted in childhood. Its etiology, clinical manifestations and course are similar to the course and symptoms of the disease in adults. The difference lies in the fact that the diagnosis of bradycardia in a child over 6 years of age is made with a decrease in the pulse to beats per minute. The causes of bradycardia in children are basically the same as in an adult: increased excitability of the vagus nerve, exposure to hypoxemia, various infections and intoxication of the body. In adolescents, the cause of bradycardia can be a lag in the development of the cardiovascular system from the rapid growth of other organs and metabolic disorders. It should be noted that bradycardia in childhood is very often a reaction of the body to cold or heat, fear or overwork. Sometimes it happens that a child faints at the first school line in his life. Most children have moderate sinus bradycardia during nocturnal sleep or deep inspiration. In many families, bradycardia is a hereditary disease that accompanies congenital heart disease. Children in most cases do not notice bradycardia, especially if it does not significantly affect the volume of blood moved. The first symptoms are manifested in violations of blood flow and the oxygen starvation of the brain associated with this. These include:

• Shortness of breath while walking and when doing exercises in physical education classes;
• Dizziness;
• Headache and pain in the heart area;
• increased sweating;
• General weakness;
• Decreased appetite.

When these symptoms appear in a child, an ECG should be done. With sinus bradycardia, the cardiogram clearly shows that the sinus rhythm is slowed down. This is indicated by the reduced height of the P waves, while their amplitude is slightly expanded. T waves, on the contrary, are higher, with a wide amplitude. Expanded and the QRS interval of the ventricular complex. The P-Q interval indicating the time of the impulse is also increased.

For the treatment of bradycardia in children, drugs are prescribed that help correct carbohydrate metabolism, maintain normal electrolyte balance, and improve the supply of oxygen to the brain. In addition, the treatment of the underlying disease, which causes a slowing of the pulse, is carried out. It is recommended to take special vitamin complexes, introduce olive or sesame oil, sea kale into the diet. In some cases, bradycardia in children disappears with age.

Bradycardia in the fetus

The level of development of modern medicine allows you to examine the health of the child when he is still in the womb. How the baby feels is determined by the heart rate. Normally, it ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute. This indicator of the vital activity of the embryo is checked at each scheduled visit by a woman to a gynecological consultation, starting from eight weeks of pregnancy. With normal development, it is enough to listen to heart sounds with a conventional stethoscope. But if the doctor has revealed a decrease in heart rate, then the expectant mother is sent for an additional examination: they do a CTG (fetal cardiotocogram), through which the conductivity of the heart muscle of the embryo, its excitability and contractility, or a Doppler examination is checked. A decrease in the fetal heart rate to 110 beats per minute is called basal bradycardia. It can be caused by compression of the fetal head, maternal hypotension, and a number of other causes. This type of bradycardia is not dangerous for the health of the baby. But the expectant mother needs to take care of eliminating the causes of her causing, so that the baby's heartbeat returns to normal. Decelerant bradycardia in the fetus is much more dangerous when the heart rate is less than 90 beats per minute. This indicates the suffering of the child, which is caused by oxygen starvation (fetal hypoxia). It develops when a pregnant woman takes certain types of drugs, when she develops preeclampsia (late toxicosis) or anemia (iron deficiency), premature detachment of the placenta, etc.

Fetal bradycardia can occur at any stage of pregnancy. In the first half of pregnancy, a lack of oxygen can affect the formation of the baby's organs, causing them to underdevelop. In the second half, oxygen starvation leads to disturbances in the development of the central nervous system and problems during childbirth. Bradycardia is dangerous because it can cause the death of a child not only during fetal development, but also during childbirth (fetal asphyxia), and even in the first hours after birth.

During pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat is checked using a conventional obstetric stethoscope and using dopplerometry, which is prescribed not only for expectant mothers with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (bronchitis, etc.), diabetes mellitus, cardiac disorders, but also for healthy women in accordance with pregnancy protocol. Starting from the second half of pregnancy, the expectant mother herself can find out if there are deviations in the baby's pulse, counting his movements. If the baby turns (moves) in the mother's stomach, doing 10 or more two-minute episodes, then everything is in order. If the number of series is less, there is a reason to undergo an additional examination. To treat fetal bradycardia, drugs are administered to the mother. Through the general bloodstream, they enter the child's circulatory system. At the same time, there is an improvement in the uteroplacental blood flow of a woman. Drug therapy is carried out based on the type of bradycardia and its severity, the health status of the expectant mother, taking into account the duration of pregnancy. Most often, droppers with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, cocarboxylase, ascorbic acid and glucose, oxygen masks are prescribed. The drugs are administered in the following order:

1. First, solutions of cocarboxylase and sodium bicarbonate;
2. Then, a solution of ascorbic acid with glucose;
3. Finally, calcium gluconate is administered.

If the devices recorded the occurrence of acute bradycardia during childbirth, then the woman in labor and the baby who was born are injected subcutaneously (if possible) with atropine.

Bradycardia in infants

Bradycardia in newborns occurs not only with organic diseases of the cardiovascular system. It can develop as a result of birth trauma, perinatal encephalopathy, pneumonia, toxic-allergic manifestations, metabolic disorders, etc. Sometimes the baby's heart rate slows down on exhalation during long walks on frosty days. This is a kind of reaction to the cold. This type of disease is characterized by a decrease in heart rate to 100 beats per minute. It is not uncommon for neonatal bradycardia to precede or during an apnea (breathing arrest) attack. Of particular concern is the pronounced sinus bradycardia of an infant with a heart rate of less than 70 beats per minute, which indicates congenital heart block. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• The baby turns pale sharply, his skin becomes bluish.

• He stops moving, as if freezes. This condition may be accompanied by convulsions.
• Sleep apnea occurs and the neonatal cardiac arrest is possible.

When these signs appear, a screening examination of the baby is carried out, his cardiovascular system is checked in order to exclude congenital heart disease. In the future, the newborn is under the constant supervision of a pediatrician, continuous monitoring of his heart is carried out, if necessary, drugs are administered that stop bradycardia, which has hemodynamic significance. Treatment is aimed at eliminating diseases that cause bradycardia. Many people do not always pay due attention to their health. They do not pay attention to the signals that the body gives. After all, even harmless, at first glance, nocturnal bradycardia can eventually turn into more serious heart rhythm disturbances. Therefore, if you notice that your heart rate is slowing down more and more often, try to take a different look at your lifestyle. Perhaps something in it needs to be changed. And then your heart will always work like a clock, supplying blood to the brain and other organs in time.

Treatment of bradycardia with hypertension: what to do with a small weak pulse

Bradycardia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the frequency of contraction of the heart muscle.

The condition of a person when he has a rare pulse at high pressure is an infrequent occurrence.

The heart rate drops to 60 beats per minute. Most often, such a pathology occurs against the background of the development of cardiac pathology, but it can also be observed in the normal state of a person.

Treatment of bradycardia in hypertension is a rather complicated process, as it requires the use of drugs that are opposite in their effect on the body.

If a hypertensive patient has detected a slowdown in his pulse, you should immediately consult a doctor for consultation and examination.

Bradycardia with increased pressure is a dangerous disorder and its treatment should be carried out only by a specialist, self-medication is unacceptable.

Varieties of bradycardia in humans

The appearance of a small pulse at high pressure is usually associated with the occurrence of disturbances in the conduction system of the heart.

In some cases, the appearance of a weak pulse at high pressure is due to a decrease in the ability of the sinoatrial node to form more beats per minute.

A rare pulse occurs in the case of incorrect movement of signals along the conduction heart system.

There are several types of brachycardia.

Cardiologists distinguish five varieties of this disorder:

1. Drug - occurs with prolonged use of certain medications belonging to the groups of cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium antagonists.
2. A neurogenic form of a disorder that occurs in the presence of high intracranial pressure, with the development of hypertension, duodenal ulcer or stomach ulcer, prolonged depression and the development of neuroses.
3. Endocrine - occurs when a person has a deficiency of iodine, potassium and oxygen.
4. Endogenous form or toxic, develops after suffering influenza, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, or as a result of the development of sepsis.
5. The myogenic form of the disorder appears as a consequence of the pathology of the emerging pathologies in the work of the sinus node, cardiosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease.

Bradycardia at elevated pressure develops in the presence of pathological changes in the PSS. With such a violation, electrical impulses do not propagate correctly, which leads to the appearance of a rare pulse and a decrease in the frequency of myocardial contractions.

Myocardial dysfunction can be caused by:

• the development of atherosclerotic disorders of the coronary vessels;
• cardiosclerosis;
• myocarditis;
• the formation of post-infarction scars;
• the use of certain medicines.

In rare cases, the cause of bradycardia is due to the presence of intracranial hypertension.

Treatment of bradycardia with high blood pressure

Reducing the heart rate in hypertension requires a special approach to the treatment procedures.

If such a violation is detected, it is forbidden to take some drugs used in the medical treatment of hypertension.

These drugs are the following:

Beta-blockers block the functions of the sinus node, and if a bradycardiac syndrome occurs, this part of the heart works with disorders. In the case of using tablets belonging to this group of drugs, a fatal outcome may occur.

To reduce the level of blood pressure should be carried out with the use of drugs that do not affect the heart rate.

Before you start using drugs for bradycardia in hypertension, you should find out the cause of the formation of the pathological condition.

The most common causes of a decrease in heart rate in hypertension are:

1. The development of infection and damage to the myocardium and its impulse transmission system.
2. The development of a patient with cardiomyopathy, which has a different nature of origin.
3. The occurrence of such endocrine disorders as hypothyroidism.
4. Taking medications that provoke the appearance of bradycardia.

The standard treatment for the state of bradycardia is to carry out measures aimed at stopping the causes contributing to the appearance of the pathology. For this purpose, symptomatic treatment is used.

The therapy is aimed at blocking the influence exerted on the work of the heart by the parasympathetic nervous system and at stimulating the functioning of adrenergic receptors.

The attending physician must increase the heart rate during treatment and at the same time prevent an increase in blood pressure.

Medicines for the treatment of pathology

Treatment of bradycardia can be carried out in several ways - medicines, folk remedies and with the help of surgery.

If there is a predisposition, one should not forget about the implementation of preventive measures.

When conditions arise to reduce the pulse and symptoms of bradycardia, the following tablets and injection solutions are most often used:

Each of these drugs has some contraindications for use.

So if a woman is pregnant, then only caffeine is the only approved drug for bradycardia. The rest of these drugs are prohibited.

Children from the age of 12 are allowed to use caffeine and ginseng tincture if they have a low number of heart contractions with high blood pressure.

At home, bradycardia therapy with high blood pressure is carried out with the help of massages, herbal treatment and mixtures, which contain a large amount of essential oils. But such methods cannot be applied indiscriminately. This approach to treatment can harm the patient. Before using any traditional medicine, you should visit a cardiologist and consult on the use of a particular medicinal composition.

In addition, the use of traditional medicine can affect the condition of various organs of the patient. So, for example, the use of lemon or other berries that have a sour taste can, in case of disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, provoke inflammation of the mucosa. Long-term use of herbal preparations aimed at increasing the heart rate can raise the frequency of contraction so much that it will provoke the development of a new disease.

When taking this or that folk remedy, you should monitor the reaction of the body and clearly understand what the effect of the drug is aimed at.

To restore a normal heart rate, it is recommended to exert limited physical activity on the body.

• swimming;
• badminton;
• cardio yoga;
• sports walking;
• breathing exercises;
• jogging at a moderate pace.

All these types of sports activity have a moderate load on the heart, not only the heart muscle is trained, but also the vascular system. When conducting classes, you should avoid the appearance of a feeling of fatigue, a feeling of intense thirst and overheating of the body.

Treatment of hypertension with a low, weak pulse is carried out using alpha-blockers, ACE inhibitors, natural diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers.

Please note that all information posted on the site is for reference only and

not intended for self-diagnosis and treatment of diseases!

Copying materials is allowed only with an active link to the source.

Vital substances include vitamins of group B, A, E, C. Of no small importance is the intake of potassium and magnesium. It is also necessary to control the amount of food consumed, its calorie content and methods of preparation.

Water

• All information on the site is for informational purposes and is NOT a guide to action!
• Give you an ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS only DOCTOR!
• We kindly ask you DO NOT self-medicate, but book an appointment with a specialist!
• Health to you and your loved ones!

Therefore, each person should drink clean water evenly throughout the day. The daily volume should be at least 1.5 liters.

Important trace elements

If a person consumes too little potassium or too much phosphorus, there is a risk of ischemia and hypertension. It is important to consider that calcium is present in large quantities in nuts and dairy products.

Nutrition for bradycardia of the heart should be aimed at normalizing the functioning of this organ. It is very important to adhere to certain principles of eating:

Bradycardia in a child

is often a normal phenomenon, if various pathologies of the cardiovascular system are not diagnosed.

A large amount of potassium is found in green onions, spinach, baked potatoes. It is also useful to eat pumpkin, prunes, honey, grapes.

What to eat

In the diet of people prone to bradycardia and other heart pathologies, the following categories of products must be present:

• sea ​​fish;
• whole wheat bread;
• cereals - rice, buckwheat, oatmeal;
• seafood;
• nuts;
• pasta;
• dried fruits.

Prohibited Products

In order not to provoke health problems, you should abandon the following categories of products:

• fatty meat and fish;
• canned food;
• salo;
• butter;
• margarine;
• pickles;
• fresh pastries made from white flour;
• fatty broths;
• fried foods;
• hot spices;
• coffee or strong tea;
• alcohol;
• chocolate.

sample menu

The diet for heart pathologies can be varied, taking into account your culinary preferences. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. This menu is recommended by specialists for people with heart disease:

The nutritional value of the diet for heart pathologies should be as follows:

Recipes

To improve your health with heart pathologies, you should follow certain rules:

There are quite a lot of healthy and tasty dishes that will help maintain health in various heart diseases, including bradycardia. So, you can prepare the following:

Bradycardia and sports

often go together, because the heart of an athlete must adapt to the loads.

How to provide first aid for bradycardia at home, read here.

Experts will talk about the treatment of bradycardia in hypertension later.

Nutrition for bradycardia

In this article, we will discuss the main methods of effective nutrition in adult bradycardia.

Nutrition Basics

The presence of chronic bradycardia in most cases does not require adherence to any strict diets in nutrition, but it is still necessary to adhere to certain dietary advice.

Steamed food should be preferred so as not to create a significant load on the work of internal organs. In the daily diet, there should be a sufficient amount of various vitamins and microelements (vegetables, fruits), which will improve the functioning of the heart muscle and contribute to the normalization of the heart.

• vegetables (carrots, cabbage, cibula, parsley);
• lean meat;
• fruits (tangerines, oranges, bananas, apples) containing a large amount of vitamins needed for the work of the heart and blood vessels;
• steamed products (boiled meat, potatoes, meatballs);
• fermented milk products (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir) containing a large amount of calcium, which is necessary to strengthen the work of the heart and blood vessels;
• seafood containing a large amount of phosphorus, which improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
• milk porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice);
• should increase daily fluid intake to 1.5 - 2 liters. for a day, in order to flush the body from cholesterol plaques that clog the blood vessels of the body.

What should be limited?

• fried, fatty foods;
• conservation;
• salty foods (contribute to a significant load on the cardiovascular system);
• alcoholic beverages (alcohol consumption is accompanied by a sharp, quite pronounced spasm of blood vessels, but after a short period of time, the reverse process of a significant expansion of the lumen of the arteries occurs, which leads to a gradual decrease in blood pressure and the development of heart bradycardia);
• flour products;
• sweets (chocolate, sugar);
• fruits (currants, cherries, sweet cherries, cranberries, apricots).

Attention: the observance of proper nutrition in case of bradycardia significantly accelerates the process of rehabilitation (recovery), and also prevents the possible development of unwanted complications (CHD, myocardial infarction).

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Source: nutrition and diet for heart bradycardia

A diet for heart disease should be based on maintaining the optimal balance of vitamins and trace elements that are required for the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

Vital substances include vitamins of group B, A, E, C. Of no small importance is the intake of potassium and magnesium. It is also necessary to control the amount of food consumed, its calorie content and methods of preparation.

An important feature of the diet of people who are prone to heart pathologies is the lack of high-quality water consumption.

• All information on the site is for informational purposes and is NOT a guide to action!
• Only a DOCTOR can make an EXACT DIAGNOSIS!
• We kindly ask you DO NOT self-medicate, but make an appointment with a specialist!
• Health to you and your loved ones!

With a decrease in the ingress of fluid into the body, it begins to enter the cardiovascular system from the water that is inside the cells - this is required to restore the full volume of blood and lymph.

In order to prevent a decrease in the amount of circulating blood and establish adequate nutrition for the tissues of the brain, liver, lungs and other internal organs, the body has to constrict blood vessels. As a result, pressure increases, which can gradually transform into a dangerous disorder - hypertension.

Therefore, each person should drink clean water evenly throughout the day. The daily volume should be at least 1.5 liters.

Important trace elements

In the diet of people who are prone to pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, the necessary amount of calcium ions must be present, which are responsible for the correct distribution of water inside and outside the cells. Also, these substances help regulate the level of pressure.

Increasing the amount of calcium outside the cells is of particular importance for the prevention of arterial hypertension and the development of strokes. This is very important for the elderly, who are characterized by a decrease in the amount of calcium in the blood plasma.

An important factor in the participation of this substance in metabolic processes is its ratio with phosphorus. The proportions must be equal. You should also pay attention to the ratio with potassium and magnesium.

If a person consumes too little potassium or too much phosphorus, there is a risk of ischemia and hypertension. It is important to consider that calcium is present in large quantities in nuts and dairy products.

Lack of magnesium causes disturbances in the work of the heart and blood vessels, which manifest themselves in the form of hypertension and abnormal heart rhythms. Doctors say that this element helps prevent the development of vascular hypertension. If too little magnesium enters the body, the risk of hypertension or stroke increases.

During the period of exacerbation - for example, with ischemic cerebral infarction - the lack of magnesium reaches critical values. The lack of this element can be 70% less than normal.

This substance can be obtained from rice, bran, beans, seaweed, yogurt. It is present in bananas, nuts, avocados.

Principles of nutrition in bradycardia of the heart

Nutrition for bradycardia of the heart should be aimed at normalizing the functioning of this organ. It is very important to adhere to certain principles of eating:

The symptoms of bradycardia are listed in this publication.

Nutrition for bradycardia of the heart must necessarily include a sufficient amount of potassium. Thanks to this, it is possible to control the heart rate. In addition, thanks to the use of this substance, blood pressure indicators can be kept under control.

A large amount of potassium is found in green onions, spinach, baked potatoes. It is also useful to eat pumpkin, prunes, honey, grapes.

To cope with spasms of muscles and blood vessels, it is recommended to eat a sufficient amount of foods containing magnesium. Due to this, it is possible to cleanse the body of cholesterol and synthesize proteins.

Quite a lot of magnesium is present in seeds, bran, nuts, sesame. Foods such as buckwheat, dates, spinach are rich in this element.

What to eat

In the diet of people prone to bradycardia and other heart pathologies, the following categories of products must be present:

• lean meat - rabbit, chicken, veal;
• eggs - their number should not exceed 5 pieces per week;
• sea ​​fish;
• vegetable oils - it is very useful to use olive, corn, sunflower;
• whole wheat bread;
• vegetables - they are recommended to be eaten fresh, stewed or steamed;
• fruits - should be consumed fresh;
• dairy products - not too fatty;
• cereals - rice, buckwheat, oatmeal;
• seafood;
• nuts;
• pasta;
• dried fruits.

Prohibited Products

In order not to provoke health problems, you should abandon the following categories of products:

• fatty meat and fish;
• canned food;
• salo;
• butter;
• margarine;
• pickles;
• fresh pastries made from white flour;
• fatty broths;
• fried foods;
• hot spices;
• coffee or strong tea;
• alcohol;
• chocolate.

sample menu

The diet for heart pathologies can be varied, taking into account your culinary preferences. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. This menu is recommended by specialists for people with heart disease:

Also, a couple of hours before bedtime, it is quite possible to drink a glass of kefir or eat 6 pieces of dried fruit - for example, dried apricots or prunes. Bread may also be present in the diet - about 200 g, and half of the daily volume should be baked from rye flour. The daily amount of sugar cannot exceed 35 g.

The nutritional value of the diet for heart pathologies should be as follows:

To improve your health with heart pathologies, you should follow certain rules:

There are quite a lot of healthy and tasty dishes that will help maintain health in various heart diseases, including bradycardia. So, you can prepare the following:

• To do this, boil 250 g of potatoes in their skins, peel and cut into cubes.
• Then chop a small apple, half an onion, add parsley.
• Mix all the ingredients and pour over with oil - olive oil is perfect.

• To do this, chop a large bunch of parsley, a small onion, the pulp of a quarter of a lemon.
• Then add 2 g of salt and you can eat immediately.

• To prepare this dish, you need to cook 300 g of beetroot in a peel, then peel it and chop it on a coarse grater.
• Cut 30 g of onion and stew it with the addition of water.
• Then cool and pour with vinegar or lemon juice, sprinkle with sugar.
• After a few minutes, the onion can be mixed with beets and dressed with vegetable oil.

• For 1.5 liters of water, you should take 300 g of potatoes, carrots, 300 g of spinach, onions, sunflower oil, a little salt and dill. Boil water and put chopped potatoes into it.
• Chop onions and carrots and fry a little. Then put in a pot with potatoes.
• When the vegetables are soft, you can add chopped spinach and dill.
• When the soup boils, you can salt it and cook for another 3 minutes.

• First you need to prepare 2 liters of low-fat broth - vegetable or meat. To prepare the soup, you will need 3 pieces of potatoes, parsley root, carrots, celery, leeks. You will also need salt and a little ghee.
• All ingredients should be chopped and boiled for 5-10 minutes. Leek should be stewed in melted butter and also put in the soup. Cook until the ingredients are soft. Serving to the table, decorate with herbs.

• To prepare it, you need to take 2 pieces of potatoes, 1 eggplant, 1 zucchini, 2 bell peppers, dill, garlic, sunflower oil, 150 g of sour cream and 3 g of salt.
• Vegetables need to be peeled and cut into circles. Pour a little oil into the pan and put the vegetables, sprinkling each layer with garlic and herbs.
• Pour sour cream over everything and put in the oven. Bake approximately 45 minutes. It is not recommended to stir the dish.

• To prepare this dish, you need to take 500 g of pasta, 200 g of boiled beef, 100 g of cheese, carrots, a couple of eggs, onions, sunflower oil, a little salt and pepper.
• First you need to boil the pasta. Slightly fry the onions and carrots with the addition of oil. Cut the boiled meat, and grate the cheese with a grater.
• Grease the form with oil, put half of the pasta, add the fried vegetables and meat. Add pasta, drizzle with beaten eggs and sprinkle with cheese. Put in the oven for a minute.

• First you need to grate carrots and pumpkin - 150 g each. Add kefir, 1 egg and a couple of tablespoons of flour to get a semi-liquid dough.
• You also need to put some sugar and soda. Add chopped vegetables to the dough and mix thoroughly.
• Fritters need to be baked in a pan, previously lubricated with vegetable oil. The finished dish is served with sour cream.

Nutrition plays a huge role in the prevention and treatment of various heart pathologies. Thanks to a properly formulated diet, you can increase the effectiveness of therapy and prevent the occurrence of dangerous complications. The main thing is to strictly follow all medical recommendations.

Steamed food should be preferred so as not to create a significant load on the work of internal organs. In the daily diet, there should be a sufficient amount of various vitamins and microelements (vegetables, fruits), which will improve the functioning of the heart muscle and contribute to the normalization of the heart.

• vegetables (carrots, cabbage, cibula, parsley);
• lean meat;
• fruits (tangerines, oranges, bananas, apples) containing a large amount of vitamins needed for the work of the heart and blood vessels;
• steamed products (boiled meat, potatoes, meatballs);
• fermented milk products (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir) containing a large amount of calcium, which is necessary to strengthen the work of the heart and blood vessels;
• seafood containing a large amount of phosphorus, which improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
• milk porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice);
• should increase daily fluid intake to 1.5 - 2 liters. for a day, in order to flush the body from cholesterol plaques that clog the blood vessels of the body.

What should be limited?

• fried, fatty foods;
• conservation;
• salty foods (contribute to a significant load on the cardiovascular system);
• alcoholic beverages (alcohol consumption is accompanied by a sharp, quite pronounced spasm of blood vessels, but after a short period of time, the reverse process of a significant expansion of the lumen of the arteries occurs, which leads to a gradual decrease in blood pressure and the development of heart bradycardia);
• flour products;
• sweets (chocolate, sugar);
• fruits (currants, cherries, sweet cherries, cranberries, apricots).

Attention: the observance of proper nutrition in case of bradycardia significantly accelerates the process of rehabilitation (recovery), and also prevents the possible development of unwanted complications (CHD, myocardial infarction).

Add a comment

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Remember, self-medication is dangerous to health! Consult your doctor

Principles of nutrition and diet for heart bradycardia

A diet for heart disease should be based on maintaining the optimal balance of vitamins and trace elements that are required for the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

Vital substances include vitamins of group B, A, E, C. Of no small importance is the intake of potassium and magnesium. It is also necessary to control the amount of food consumed, its calorie content and methods of preparation.

An important feature of the diet of people who are prone to heart pathologies is the lack of high-quality water consumption.

• All information on the site is for informational purposes and is NOT a guide to action!
• Only a DOCTOR can make an EXACT DIAGNOSIS!
• We kindly ask you DO NOT self-medicate, but make an appointment with a specialist!
• Health to you and your loved ones!

With a decrease in the ingress of fluid into the body, it begins to enter the cardiovascular system from the water that is inside the cells - this is required to restore the full volume of blood and lymph.

In order to prevent a decrease in the amount of circulating blood and establish adequate nutrition for the tissues of the brain, liver, lungs and other internal organs, the body has to constrict blood vessels. As a result, pressure increases, which can gradually transform into a dangerous disorder - hypertension.

Therefore, each person should drink clean water evenly throughout the day. The daily volume should be at least 1.5 liters.

Important trace elements

In the diet of people who are prone to pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, the necessary amount of calcium ions must be present, which are responsible for the correct distribution of water inside and outside the cells. Also, these substances help regulate the level of pressure.

Increasing the amount of calcium outside the cells is of particular importance for the prevention of arterial hypertension and the development of strokes. This is very important for the elderly, who are characterized by a decrease in the amount of calcium in the blood plasma.

An important factor in the participation of this substance in metabolic processes is its ratio with phosphorus. The proportions must be equal. You should also pay attention to the ratio with potassium and magnesium.

If a person consumes too little potassium or too much phosphorus, there is a risk of ischemia and hypertension. It is important to consider that calcium is present in large quantities in nuts and dairy products.

Lack of magnesium causes disturbances in the work of the heart and blood vessels, which manifest themselves in the form of hypertension and abnormal heart rhythms. Doctors say that this element helps prevent the development of vascular hypertension. If too little magnesium enters the body, the risk of hypertension or stroke increases.

During the period of exacerbation - for example, with ischemic cerebral infarction - the lack of magnesium reaches critical values. The lack of this element can be 70% less than normal.

This substance can be obtained from rice, bran, beans, seaweed, yogurt. It is present in bananas, nuts, avocados.

Principles of nutrition in bradycardia of the heart

Nutrition for bradycardia of the heart should be aimed at normalizing the functioning of this organ. It is very important to adhere to certain principles of eating:

The symptoms of bradycardia are listed in this publication.

Nutrition for bradycardia of the heart must necessarily include a sufficient amount of potassium. Thanks to this, it is possible to control the heart rate. In addition, thanks to the use of this substance, blood pressure indicators can be kept under control.

A large amount of potassium is found in green onions, spinach, baked potatoes. It is also useful to eat pumpkin, prunes, honey, grapes.

To cope with spasms of muscles and blood vessels, it is recommended to eat a sufficient amount of foods containing magnesium. Due to this, it is possible to cleanse the body of cholesterol and synthesize proteins.

Quite a lot of magnesium is present in seeds, bran, nuts, sesame. Foods such as buckwheat, dates, spinach are rich in this element.

What to eat

In the diet of people prone to bradycardia and other heart pathologies, the following categories of products must be present:

• lean meat - rabbit, chicken, veal;
• eggs - their number should not exceed 5 pieces per week;
• sea ​​fish;
• vegetable oils - it is very useful to use olive, corn, sunflower;
• whole wheat bread;
• vegetables - they are recommended to be eaten fresh, stewed or steamed;
• fruits - should be consumed fresh;
• dairy products - not too fatty;
• cereals - rice, buckwheat, oatmeal;
• seafood;
• nuts;
• pasta;
• dried fruits.

Prohibited Products

In order not to provoke health problems, you should abandon the following categories of products:

• fatty meat and fish;
• canned food;
• salo;
• butter;
• margarine;
• pickles;
• fresh pastries made from white flour;
• fatty broths;
• fried foods;
• hot spices;
• coffee or strong tea;
• alcohol;
• chocolate.

sample menu

The diet for heart pathologies can be varied, taking into account your culinary preferences. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. This menu is recommended by specialists for people with heart disease:

Also, a couple of hours before bedtime, it is quite possible to drink a glass of kefir or eat 6 pieces of dried fruit - for example, dried apricots or prunes. Bread may also be present in the diet - about 200 g, and half of the daily volume should be baked from rye flour. The daily amount of sugar cannot exceed 35 g.

The nutritional value of the diet for heart pathologies should be as follows:

Recipes

To improve your health with heart pathologies, you should follow certain rules:

There are quite a lot of healthy and tasty dishes that will help maintain health in various heart diseases, including bradycardia. So, you can prepare the following:

• To do this, boil 250 g of potatoes in their skins, peel and cut into cubes.
• Then chop a small apple, half an onion, add parsley.
• Mix all the ingredients and pour over with oil - olive oil is perfect.

• To do this, chop a large bunch of parsley, a small onion, the pulp of a quarter of a lemon.
• Then add 2 g of salt and you can eat immediately.

• To prepare this dish, you need to cook 300 g of beetroot in a peel, then peel it and chop it on a coarse grater.
• Cut 30 g of onion and stew it with the addition of water.
• Then cool and pour with vinegar or lemon juice, sprinkle with sugar.
• After a few minutes, the onion can be mixed with beets and dressed with vegetable oil.

• For 1.5 liters of water, you should take 300 g of potatoes, carrots, 300 g of spinach, onions, sunflower oil, a little salt and dill. Boil water and put chopped potatoes into it.
• Chop onions and carrots and fry a little. Then put in a pot with potatoes.
• When the vegetables are soft, you can add chopped spinach and dill.
• When the soup boils, you can salt it and cook for another 3 minutes.

• First you need to prepare 2 liters of low-fat broth - vegetable or meat. To prepare the soup, you will need 3 pieces of potatoes, parsley root, carrots, celery, leeks. You will also need salt and a little ghee.
• All ingredients should be chopped and boiled for 5-10 minutes. Leek should be stewed in melted butter and also put in the soup. Cook until the ingredients are soft. Serving to the table, decorate with herbs.

• To prepare it, you need to take 2 pieces of potatoes, 1 eggplant, 1 zucchini, 2 bell peppers, dill, garlic, sunflower oil, 150 g of sour cream and 3 g of salt.
• Vegetables need to be peeled and cut into circles. Pour a little oil into the pan and put the vegetables, sprinkling each layer with garlic and herbs.
• Pour sour cream over everything and put in the oven. Bake approximately 45 minutes. It is not recommended to stir the dish.

• To prepare this dish, you need to take 500 g of pasta, 200 g of boiled beef, 100 g of cheese, carrots, a couple of eggs, onions, sunflower oil, a little salt and pepper.
• First you need to boil the pasta. Slightly fry the onions and carrots with the addition of oil. Cut the boiled meat, and grate the cheese with a grater.
• Grease the form with oil, put half of the pasta, add the fried vegetables and meat. Add pasta, drizzle with beaten eggs and sprinkle with cheese. Put in the oven for a minute.

• First you need to grate carrots and pumpkin - 150 g each. Add kefir, 1 egg and a couple of tablespoons of flour to get a semi-liquid dough.
• You also need to put some sugar and soda. Add chopped vegetables to the dough and mix thoroughly.
• Fritters need to be baked in a pan, previously lubricated with vegetable oil. The finished dish is served with sour cream.

Nutrition plays a huge role in the prevention and treatment of various heart pathologies. Thanks to a properly formulated diet, you can increase the effectiveness of therapy and prevent the occurrence of dangerous complications. The main thing is to strictly follow all medical recommendations.

How to provide first aid for bradycardia at home, read here.

Experts will talk about the treatment of bradycardia in hypertension later.

How to treat bradycardia at home - the best folk remedies

Bradycardia is a disease that causes abnormal heart rhythms. Pathology can be corrected with the help of traditional medicine, but you need to take into account the characteristics of the disease, its causes, as well as the frequency of heartbeats. With a pulse less than 40 beats per minute, strict control by a cardiologist and inpatient treatment with the use of pharmaceuticals is necessary. If the pulse is about 55 beats, then for patients diagnosed with bradycardia, treatment with folk remedies is carried out according to indications.

What are the causes of bradycardia?

There are a number of reasons why bradycardia begins. Among the main provoking factors are:

1. Changes in the muscles of the heart - myocardium. In this case, the muscles wear out, pathology appears with tissue infringement, a heart attack.
2. Constant stress, neurosis and emotional stress that affects the nervous system.
3. High pressure inside the skull.
4. The influence of certain medications, drugs, as well as poisoning with drugs and chemicals.
5. Hormonal deficiency, when the thyroid gland cannot produce the proper amount of thyroxine.
6. Infectious infection of the body, for example, hepatitis, Botkin's disease.
7. Poor nutrition for a long time.

It will be impossible to cure bradycardia without determining the root causes; neither folk remedies nor medications will help. It is very important during therapy to carry out high-quality treatment of pathologies that provoke bradycardia. Additionally, you will need to use tools that help regulate the work of the heart, this will prevent its sudden stop, and also relieve slow work.

Important! Bradycardia is not a separate disease, it is only a signal of malfunctions in the body.

Symptoms of bradycardia

The main symptom of bradycardia is a slow heart rate. In this case, a person's frequency of contractions per minute will be less than 60 beats. When diagnosed without other symptoms or complaints, the condition is not life-threatening, and often no treatment is given.

1. Dizziness when getting up abruptly from a bed or chair, the cause may be intracranial pressure.
2. In the heat, the extremities can be cold, this is a symptom of thyroid insufficiency, which can be corrected by a diet rich in iodine.

In some cases, symptoms may indicate the need for a quick response and emergency care. Among the anxiety sensations are:

1. Fainting state.
2. Tachycardia.
3. Severe dizziness for no apparent reason.
4. Heart failure.
5. A strong decrease in pressure, below the 90/60 mark.
6. Malfunctions of blood flow between the heart ventricles (ventricular arrhythmia).

If there are symptoms described, you need to call an ambulance. It is better not to engage in treatment on your own in this state, and folk remedies can be used after stopping acute attacks of discomfort.

Types of bradycardia

There are several main types of bradycardia, among which physicians distinguish:

• Absolute - is determined regardless of the patient's condition at the time of diagnosis.
• Relative - appears during a feverish state, with meningitis, trauma and infection.
• Moderate - begins in patients with respiratory arrhythmia. During a deep breath, the pulse becomes faster, and less often during the exhalation. The disease is typical for children, adolescents and patients with nervous system tone.
• Extracardiac - appears as a result of diseases of the internal organs.

In order to know how to properly treat bradycardia at home, you need to understand the forms of this pathology.

Forms of bradycardia

Pathology occurs as a result of damage to the heart muscles, which further leads to organ failure or its abrupt stop. It is worth noting that for professional athletes, bradycardia can be a normal condition.

In medical practice, there are several forms of pathology:

Sinus - appears when the sinus node fails. It is this variety that is often found in athletes who are in excellent shape. Often does not require therapy.

Atrial - ventricular blockade - appears during the failure of impulses.

Atrial fibrillation - a failure of the heart, needs inpatient treatment under the supervision of doctors.

Physiological - the form appears during sleep, when all organs are at rest and slow down their work.

Only when the sign of the violation, the type and its form is determined, can folk remedies be used for treatment. The property of each method is different, and a composition that is useful for one person may be contraindicated for another. Before using traditional medicine, it is better to discuss the possibility of admission, indications and other important points with the doctor.

Treatment with folk remedies

Important! Folk method of treatment must be selected correctly. It is forbidden to drink decoctions and infusions without reason, without pauses. Even natural remedies can have side effects.

For example, recipes that use lemon and sour berries can cause an increase in the acidity of the stomach, due to which its walls become inflamed. With prolonged treatment with herbal decoctions, the formation of other pathologies is possible.

If a rash appears on the body, allergies, pain in the abdomen and other organs, then it is better to stop and abandon the chosen treatment or replace the remedy with another one. When the heartbeat returns to normal, it is recommended to conduct an additional diagnosis with a doctor in order to determine the need to continue therapy.

Yarrow infusion

When using yarrow, a person begins to increase the frequency of heart contractions, due to improved liver function. Appetite increases. To prepare the medicine you need 1 tbsp. l. herbs add a glass of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes to brew. Take the infusion should be 1 tbsp. l. 10 minutes before meals.

You should drink no more than 3 times a day. During such treatment, it is important to eat right and enrich the diet with carbohydrates. When the heart rhythm returns to normal, you need to stop taking this medicine and start taking it again if the pulse decreases.

With bradycardia, it is recommended to use herbal preparations. To do this, you need to connect 3 tbsp. l. nettle, currant leaves, walnut, triad, dandelion root, wild rose, hawthorn, you can add yarrow. After the herbs are combined, 1.5 tbsp is added to 250 ml of boiling water. l. collection. The infusion will be ready in 3 hours, it is filtered and taken before meals 3 times a day. Daily use for 2 months will relieve sinus bradycardia completely.

Cahors with dill seeds

The drink will expand the blood vessels, increases pressure. To prepare for 0.5 liters of wine, you need to use 5 tbsp. l. crushed dill seeds. Boil the wine on low heat for 10 minutes, which will allow the alcohol to come out, then add the dill powder and continue cooking for 10 minutes. After cooking, insist and drink 1 tbsp. l. before meals 2-3 times a day. You can store the medicine in the refrigerator. For treatment, you need to take a drink for 2 weeks, pause for 2 weeks and take it again.

Blend rich in essential oils and energy

A remedy with a large amount of essential oils can increase appetite, strengthen the heart, immune system and normalize blood pressure. It is necessary to cut 4 lemons and add a liter of boiling water, after half an hour grind in a blender along with water. Add 0.5 kg of chopped walnuts, a glass of sesame oil and 250 grams of sugar to the mixture. Use half an hour before meals for 1 tbsp. l. It takes a month for treatment, then a similar pause and another month of use.

Honey-lemon-garlic mixture

5 lemons are poured with boiling water, then juice is squeezed out of them. 5 heads of garlic and 0.5 kg of honey, as well as chopped lemon, are added to the resulting juice. Infuse for a couple of days, then use once a day, 4 tsp. half an hour before lunch. The mixture should be absorbed for about a minute. The course of treatment is 2 months. It will bring the vascular system into tone, strengthen the muscles of the heart.

Soothing overnight massage

Massage helps if bradycardia appears due to constant stress, pathologies of the nervous system and other emotional factors.

Infusion of valerian rhizomes

To prepare, you need to grind the valerian root to make 3 tsp, or buy a ready-made ingredient in a pharmacy. A glass of boiling water is added to the indicated amount and insisted for 8 hours. After straining, take 1 tbsp. l. 4 times a day.

This drink has one contraindication: low blood pressure. For people with such pressure, the course should not be more than 2 weeks.

Tincture of pine branches

For cooking, you can use cognac or vodka in a volume of 300 ml. 100 grams of young pine branches are added to alcohol and infused for 10 days at room temperature. Tincture is used 10 drops 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The tincture must be washed down with water.

The main condition during therapy is the observance of proper nutrition.

Zelenin drops with bradycardia

Zelenin drops can be used to treat bradycardia. Such a medicine is fast in its action, and you need to take it before meals for half an hour, 20 drops 3 times a day. This tool quickly increases the pulse.

Treatment should be started with a low dose. In some cases, 1 drop is prescribed, but not more than 5 drops at the beginning of therapy. Such a dosage is possible during the first 3 days, after which you can increase the amount, for this there is an instruction where everything is clearly described. You can drink the medicine with water.

Among the side effects, only an overdose is distinguished. In this case, dry mouth begins, dizziness, heart beats very strongly. After the medication is stopped, the symptoms go away on their own.

If the described symptoms appear, treatment should be stopped.

Proper Diet

To help with bradycardia at home, it is recommended to use proper nutrition. For this, a diet is not compiled, but the menu is simply adjusted, so you need to know what you can and cannot eat.

What to include

It is important to include foods in your diet that are rich in the following elements:

To obtain quickly digestible fats, it is used:

To enrich the body with potassium, you can use:

Important! If doctors during the examination established a heart block of 2-3 degrees, then the use of products with potassium should be limited, otherwise the speed of the heart is reduced.

For enrichment with magnesium are used:

1. Bran from wheat.
2. Pine and walnuts.
3. Sprouted wheat.
4. Bean cultures.
5. Sunflower or pumpkin seeds.

What to exclude

• Various sweets, especially with creams.
• Soda.

The following products are also excluded from the menu:

Not only the right menu can help with bradycardia, it is important to play sports and take preventive measures.

Prevention

It is always harder to treat than to prevent the disease, so it is important to use measures to prevent bradycardia. You need to lead a healthy lifestyle (healthy lifestyle), play sports. It is better to give preference to the following types:

It will also be useful to do breathing exercises, get rid of stress and normalize your sleep.

Conclusion

Bradycardia is a pathology that, with proper therapy, can be quickly cured. The main thing is to remove the provoking causes, and decoctions, infusions and other traditional medicine will normalize cardiac activity. If you still play sports and lead the right lifestyle, bradycardia will not declare itself for a long time.

Diet for bradycardia

Bradycardia is a heart rhythm disorder in which the heart rate (HR) drops to 60 beats per minute or less.

With the development of this variant of arrhythmia, organs and tissues do not receive enough blood, respectively, and the oxygen contained in it.

A state of oxygen starvation develops, which negatively affects the activity of all internal organs. Treatment of bradyarrhythmia is mandatory, since this pathology threatens the life and health of the patient.

• Clinical manifestations
• Medical therapy
• First aid

The cause of bradycardia, as a rule, is some other disease that leads to structural changes in the conduction system of the heart. The most common cause is coronary heart disease and its complications, namely post-infarction macrofocal and/or diffuse cardiosclerosis.

Sclerotic processes affect not only the heart muscle, but also the elements of the conduction system that lie in the myocardium, thereby creating an obstacle to the passage of a nerve impulse.

Depending on the level at which damage to the structures of the conduction system of the heart occurred, 3 possible sources of bradycardia are distinguished.

1. Sinoatrial node (SA node). Normally, the electrical impulse that stimulates the contraction of the heart muscle originates here. And if for any reason the cells of this node are damaged, then this inevitably entails the development of the syndrome of weakness of the sinus node, the main manifestation of which is bradyarrhythmia.
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node). Normally, an electrical impulse, passing through this node, extends to the myocardium of the ventricles of the heart. If this node is damaged, the development of bradyarrhythmia is also possible.
3. Blockades. The cause of the development of bradyarrhythmia can also be a block that develops in any zone of the conduction system of the heart, and thereby prevents the formation of a normal heart rhythm.

In addition, there are cases when the exact cause of development, as well as the morphological basis of bradycardia, cannot be established. Such cases are referred to as idiopathic cardiac arrhythmias.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of bradycardia, as a rule, form a typical clinical picture. For this variant of arrhythmia, the following manifestations are characteristic:

• deterioration in exercise tolerance;
• severe general weakness, increased fatigue;
• episodes of dizziness;
• fainting states;
• instability of blood pressure;
• heart pain.

The presence of the above symptoms is an alarming signal for the patient. It is recommended to start treatment as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, as bradyarrhythmia may be complicated by the development of life-threatening conditions such as:

• Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome;
• sudden cardiac arrest;
• hypertensive crisis;
• myocardial infarction;
• heart failure.

So, the symptoms of bradyarrhythmia are a signal to start treatment, but in order to select the right therapy, it is necessary to confirm the presence of this pathology, as well as to formulate a complete clinical diagnosis. For this purpose, special research methods are used, which are listed below.

• Electrocardiography (ECG). This method does not lose its relevance, since it allows you to register any variant of rhythm and conduction disturbances.
• Holter monitoring. This method is a kind of ECG study. Holter monitoring involves performing a continuous ECG during the day, which allows you to identify incoming (unstable) heart rhythm disturbances.
• Echocardiography (EchoCG). EchoCG is an ultrasound examination and is the most informative of all currently available methods for examining the heart.
• Veloergometry. This is a stress test that allows you to assess the adequacy of the increase in heart rate in response to physical activity, as well as to diagnose coronary heart disease, to choose the most effective treatment.
• X-ray examination of the chest organs. This method allows you to assess the size and contours of the heart, as well as identify signs of stagnation in the pulmonary circulation.

The above methods are specific for diagnosing heart disease. In each case, it is necessary to search for the cause of the development of bradycardia, while remembering that the cause may not be a cardiac pathology.

Medical therapy

There are several methods for eliminating bradyarrhythmia, among which drug treatment is the most effective, which has been proven in a number of clinical studies.

The most convenient form of medicine for the patient is tablets.

That is why we will consider those drugs that are available in the form of tablets and can effectively eliminate bradycardia. But in any case, only a doctor can choose the right treatment. The main factor to be considered in the selection of a drug will be the "working" blood pressure.

Drugs that eliminate bradyarrhythmia in case of normal blood pressure.

• Isadrin. This drug belongs to the group of β-adrenergic stimulants, while the basis of its therapeutic effect in bradycardia is the improvement of excitability, as well as conductivity and contractility of the myocardium due to the effect on the sympathetic innervation of the heart. The drug does not affect blood pressure.
• Ipratropium bromide. The drug belongs to the group of M-cholinergic blockers, causes a pronounced and persistent increase in heart rate. Treatment with this drug also does not affect blood pressure.

The cost of drugs varies depending on the dosage of the active substance, the number of tablets in the package, as well as the manufacturer. Prices for the above medicines range from 300 to 800 rubles per package.

Short reference. The active ingredient in the drug "Ephalon" is ephedrine hydrochloride.

The principle of action of this substance is close to adrenaline, but ephedrine has a "softer" and longer lasting effect, which is its undoubted advantage.

This medicinal product can only be used as directed by a doctor. Absolute contraindications for admission are insomnia, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism.

Treatment with medications is a convenient and effective method. But the choice of therapy should be taken seriously. As a rule, this process takes some time, sometimes a month or even more. What to do if the symptoms of bradycardia developed suddenly, and the patient's condition deteriorated sharply?

First aid

First of all, it is necessary to measure the patient's pulse. If the heart rate is more than 40 beats per minute, then the following measures will be effective:

• drink strong tea;
• take drops of tincture of ginseng or belladonna;
• perform light physical exercises (warm-up, squats, and so on);
• take a warm bath.

These measures, of course, will not replace medical treatment, but will help to temporarily improve the patient's well-being.

In cases where the pulse is less than 40 beats per minute, it is urgent to call an ambulance and start treatment on your own, since such heart rate values ​​pose a threat to the patient's life.

Until the ambulance arrives, you can do the following:

• lay the patient on his back, provide him with complete rest;
• if there are complaints of chest pain - give a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue;
• if the patient is taking drugs to correct bradycardia (as prescribed by a doctor), give a single dose of the drug being taken.

Further actions should be carried out as soon as possible by the relevant specialists who will provide qualified medical care.

• Do you often experience discomfort in the area of ​​the heart (pain, tingling, squeezing)?
• You may suddenly feel weak and tired...
• Feeling high pressure all the time...
• There is nothing to say about shortness of breath after the slightest physical exertion ...
• And you have been taking a bunch of medications for a long time, dieting and watching your weight ...

Bradycardia (low pulse) in children and adults: types, occurrence, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment

Violation of the formation and conduction of an impulse in the heart leads to various types of arrhythmias. One of them is bradycardia - a decrease in the heart rate associated with a violation of automatism in the sinus node. Bradycardia is characterized by a rare number of contractions of the heart muscle (less than 50 per minute in adults, in childhood and adolescence, and less than 100 in infants).

Types of bradycardia and its causes

Physiological bradycardia

A decrease in heart rate is often noted in perfectly healthy people, for example, athletes or those who are engaged in physical labor. The number of myocardial contractions in them can decrease for up to a minute with the complete absence of symptoms such as shortness of breath, discomfort in the chest, fainting, dizziness and weakness, indicating a pathology of cardiac activity. This type of bradycardia is called physiological. For some people, it occurs at night at rest, but it does not lead to negative consequences, since during the night the need for oxygen decreases.

One of the most revealing cases of physiological bradycardia was observed in the cyclist Miguel Indurain at the peak of his career. Due to the overdevelopment of the cardiovascular system, the athlete's pulse at rest was 28 beats per minute. At the same time, the volume of his lungs reached 8 liters (for an average person - 3.5 - 4.5 liters), and blood circulation made it possible to pump up to 7 liters of blood per minute through the body (for ordinary people, an average of 3-4 liters, for his colleagues -cyclists 5-6 liters).

The main causes of physiological bradycardia in people involved in sports and leading an active lifestyle are associated with the increased functionality of their respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which provide the brain with enough oxygen even with a rare heart rate. Often, physiological bradycardia occurs when a person is very tired, gets into a stressful situation, stays in the cold for a long time or in conditions of high humidity and temperature, for example, in a sauna or steam bath. It can be caused by pressure from a tight tie against the throat (carotid sinus), or from a collar that is too tight around the neck. Physiological bradycardia does not pose a threat to human health, since it does not lead to a decrease in the blood supply to the brain and other organs. No treatment is required for this type of bradycardia.

Pathological bradycardias

With various changes in the conduction of the heart muscle, a pathological variety of bradycardia occurs, which is conventionally divided into two types.

Bradycardia with inhibition of pacemaker activity

The emergence of the first of the types of sinus (sinus) bradycardia which contributes to the inhibition of the activity of the pacemaker. It is caused by a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic department or an increase in excitation of the vagus nerve under the influence of humoral factors, which include an excess of acids in the blood with a high content of bile, an insufficient amount of hormones produced by the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).

A prerequisite for the occurrence of this type of bradycardia is often vagal (neurogenic) factors, which include:

• Natural aging of the body;
• Violations in the work of the vegetative-vascular system;
• Various kinds of neuroses;
• Increased intracranial pressure leading to a stroke (bleeding into the brain);
• brain tumors;
• The impact of drugs used to eliminate the symptoms of hypertension and heart disease (pilocarpine, beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides, etc.);
• Myxedema;
• Electrolyte imbalance (an excess of potassium in the blood);
• Some infectious diseases.

Bradycardia due to heart block

This type of sinus bradycardia can be caused by various types of heart block:

1. Sinoauricular blockade - a violation of the conduction of impulses through the atria. It is typical for her to conduct them from the sinus node to the myocardium every other time.
2. Atrioventricular blockade (impaired impulse passage through the ventricles), during which part of the ventricular contractions falls out (their number can be reduced to 40 per minute). There are three levels of severity. The first (easiest) degree is characterized by slow impulse conduction from the atria to the ventricles. With the second (moderate) severity, part of the impulses ceases to reach the ventricles. The third degree is characterized by a decrease in the number of contractions of the ventricles due to the fact that not all impulses reach them.

Sinus bradycardia most often occurs in a chronic (extracardiac) form. But it can also have an acute (intracardial) course, which is caused by myocarditis, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction.

Clinical manifestations of bradycardia

The physiological appearance of this disease does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. The main symptoms of bradycardia occur in chronic forms.

• These are dizziness and weakness, a rare heart rate and a feeling that the heart stops, problems with sleep and memory.
• In the event of an acute form of severe bradycardia caused by sinoauricular blockade, heart failure is noted, accompanied by fainting and angina pectoris. In severe cases, the person may lose consciousness. At the same time, his breathing is disturbed, convulsions occur. This condition is called an MAS attack (according to the first letters of the names of the doctors who worked on their study of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome). It is caused by a decrease in the supply of oxygen to the brain (hypoxia).
• With a significant slowdown in ventricular contractions (atrioventricular blockade), the blood supply to the brain is disrupted. This can cause general restlessness and sudden severe dizziness, a slight blackout. With an increase in the pause between heartbeats up to 15 seconds, a complete loss of consciousness or an attack of MAS may occur. Sometimes this causes cardiac arrest, which can lead to sudden death.

An injection of atropine is given to determine whether the slow heart rate is due to a functional component or heart block. With physiological bradycardia, this procedure brings the number of heartbeats back to normal. The lack of effect means that the cause of the disease lies in pathological disturbances in the conduction of the impulse.

Therapy for bradycardia

Treatment of bradycardia is carried out only with severe clinical manifestations and a clear violation of the hemodynamic process. If the person's heart rate is reduced to 40 beats per minute and there is frequent fainting, one of the following drugs is used:

1. Atropine - every 3 hours intravenously (2 mg) or subcutaneously (from 0.5 to 1.0 mg);
2. Isadrin - in a glucose solution (5%) by intravenous drip (2 ml per 0.5 l);
3. Isoproterenol - infusion (drip) administration (up to 4 mg);
4. Alupent (10 mg of the drug per 500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) - intravenously by drop method or eight times by ingestion of 20 mg;
5. Preparations of belladonna for the treatment of bradycardia that occurs without pronounced symptoms.
6. Ginseng or Eleutherococcus extract (the dosage is selected by the doctor for each individual patient);
7. With individual intolerance or existing contraindications to the use of Isadrin or Atropine, tablets of Ephedrine hydrochloride or Ipratropium bromide are prescribed.

The acute form of bradycardia caused by a violation of the conduction of the impulse requires urgent hospitalization and inpatient treatment aimed at eliminating the main causes that contribute to a decrease in heart rate. If bradycardia is associated with the natural aging of the patient's body (irreversible processes begin after the age) or medical therapy is ineffective, the patient is prescribed pacing (implantation under the patient's skin of a special device that normalizes the number of heartbeats). A consultation with a cardiac surgeon is mandatory for patients in whom bradycardia is accompanied by attacks of MAS (fainting). Their main danger lies in the fact that during fainting, the risk of cardiac arrest increases.

Traditional medicine in the treatment of bradycardia

A good addition to the main drug therapy for bradycardia is the treatment of folk remedies. It includes the following recipes:

Radish and honey

Radish juice with honey helps to speed up the heartbeat. To prepare this remedy, you need to cut off the top of the radish. Make an indentation inside by scooping out some of the pulp with a spoon. Fill it with honey and leave overnight. The next day, use the resulting syrup during the day, divided into three doses.

Walnuts

A proven remedy in the treatment of many heart diseases, including bradycardia, are walnuts. Take half a kilogram of peeled kernels, mix them with a glass of sugar and the same amount of sesame oil. Pour a liter of boiling water into 4 lemons cut into 4 parts. Mix all the obtained components. Take the mixture 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day for a tablespoon.

Lemon and garlic

Lemon and garlic are the most effective methods in the treatment of bradycardia. Squeeze juice out of 10 lemons. Chop and add 10 cloves of garlic to it. Pour all the ingredients with a liter of fresh honey. Insist for 10 days, shaking daily. Take 4 teaspoons on an empty stomach, sucking each serving for at least a minute.

pine shoots

Alcoholic tincture of young pine shoots. For its preparation, 70 branches are taken and infused in the sun in 300 ml of vodka for 10 days. Dosage per dose - 20 drops.

Rosehip decoction

Take 10 large berries and boil in 400 ml of water (about 15 minutes). Strain the cooled broth, rub the berries through a sieve into it, mix with three teaspoons of honey. Take half a glass daily before each meal until the complete disappearance of all signs of bradycardia.

Diagnosis of sinus bradycardia

Usually, bradycardia is diagnosed already at the doctor's appointment during listening.

• When listening to the atria, muffled tones are clearly felt during the distolic pause. They are called "systole echo".
• Every 5-10 beats at the top, the first tone of high volume is heard. It is called "Strazhesko's cannon tone". It is caused by the sound of sudden tension of the atrioventricular valve leaflets during contraction of the ventricles, which were in a relaxed state before contraction of the atria. This is the main evidence of the presence of a complete atrioventricular block.

An ECG is ordered to confirm the diagnosis. It shows the following:

• With sinoauricular blockade, sinus bradycardia is characterized by inconstancy of the rhythm, however, only a decrease in the rhythm is detected on the ECG, the teeth remain in a normal, undeformed state.
• Caused by atrioventricular block sinus bradycardia on the ECG is as follows:
  1. excitation of the ventricles and atria occurs independently of each other.
  2. the frequency of atrial contractions is increased, but occurs in the correct rhythm, this is indicated by the amplitude of the extrasystole P wave, it is reduced;
  3. the number of ventricular contractions is reduced, this is indicated by the formation of a pointed T wave of greater height, in some cases with a negative value;
  4. the amplitude of the QRS extrasystological ventricular complex is increased;
  5. part of the ventricular complexes falls out.

This means a decrease in the number of ventricular contractions. With a sharp decrease in heart rate (up to 40 beats / min), every second ventricular complex can fall out. In this case, Strazhesko's "cannon tone" is not audible. In milder forms, every fifth contraction of the ventricle falls out. Bradycardia refers to transient types of diseases. This means that it can only be detected if, at the time of taking the ECG, the patient has a clearly reduced heart rate. Therefore, doctors, before treating bradycardia, conduct Holter monitoring (control) of the functional activity of the heart. For its implementation, a portable electrocardiograph is installed for the patient, which monitors the work of the patient's heart muscle in everyday conditions. Monitoring is usually carried out for a day or several days.

How to increase the heart rate with bradycardia?

If a person is suddenly dizzy or has another ailment that indicates bradycardia, it is necessary to measure the pulse. This function is available in all modern tonometers. With a sharp decrease in heart rate (less than 40 per minute), you need to drink a cup of coffee or hot tea. The caffeine contained in them will begin to work after the first sips. You can enhance the effect of these drinks by adding a few drops (from 10 to 15) of pharmacy tinctures of Eleutherococcus, belladonna or ginseng to them. Taking a hot bath, jogging or doing physical exercises, massage will help to increase the pulse with bradycardia. But you can use these techniques to increase the pulse only with physiological bradycardia, when there are no medical contraindications. Medications are recommended to be used as prescribed by the attending physician, observing the established dosage, since its excess can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure. Some believe that Zelenin drops are one of the effective fast-acting drugs. However, this drug has coronary dilatation properties, which leads to a slowing of the rhythm, so Zelenin drops are more suitable for rhythm disturbances such as tachycardia. This is a preparation based on plant extracts of belladonna, valerian, May lily of the valley and menthol. But they can cause unwanted side effects in the form of apathy and lethargy. With bradycardia with a decrease in heart rate to 35 beats per minute, treatment at home is not recommended, as this can be life-threatening. A person with a disturbed heartbeat needs to be given the necessary assistance and immediately call an ambulance.

Video: doctor's opinion about a pulse that is dangerous to health

How to provide first aid?

With a sharp decrease in the pulse with bradycardia, when a person is in a state close to fainting or has lost consciousness, he should be given first aid, which is as follows:

• If the patient has fallen to the floor, then it is necessary to turn him over on his back, raise his legs, placing a sofa cushion or pillow under them. It is desirable to maintain this situation until the arrival of doctors, whose call cannot be postponed. A conscious person should also be laid on a flat surface and his legs raised.
• Release your breath by unbuttoning the top button of your shirt and loosening the belt.
• In case of loss of consciousness, try to bring the person to his senses by patting him on the cheeks. If this does not help, splash your face with water.
• With a deep faint, a person can be brought to his senses by inhalation of products with a pungent odor (vinegar, ammonia). However, it should be remembered that ammonia (and vinegar) must be handled very carefully, since when brought close to the nasal passages, it can cause a sharp bronchospasm up to respiratory arrest.
• If the fainting lingers, and none of the above remedies help, care should be taken that hypothermia of the patient does not occur. To do this, his body is covered with heating pads with warm water.

• After the patient returns to consciousness, you need to measure his pulse.
• If you know what drugs he uses, then you need to give him to drink it.
• The arriving ambulance team must be told in detail about all the actions taken.
• Even with injection skills, it is better not to treat yourself. Drugs such as mezaton, atropine, which cause an increase in heart rate, can hardly be present in the home medicine cabinet of every person, they are only available by prescription. However, in the case of a long course of the disease, they are still sometimes prescribed to the patient, after informing the relatives about the precautions.

Bradycardia in childhood

Sinus bradycardia is often noted in childhood. Its etiology, clinical manifestations and course are similar to the course and symptoms of the disease in adults. The difference lies in the fact that the diagnosis of bradycardia in a child over 6 years of age is made with a decrease in the pulse to beats per minute. The causes of bradycardia in children are basically the same as in an adult: increased excitability of the vagus nerve, exposure to hypoxemia, various infections and intoxication of the body. In adolescents, the cause of bradycardia can be a lag in the development of the cardiovascular system from the rapid growth of other organs and metabolic disorders. It should be noted that bradycardia in childhood is very often a reaction of the body to cold or heat, fear or overwork. Sometimes it happens that a child faints at the first school line in his life. Most children have moderate sinus bradycardia during nocturnal sleep or deep inspiration. In many families, bradycardia is a hereditary disease that accompanies congenital heart disease. Children in most cases do not notice bradycardia, especially if it does not significantly affect the volume of blood moved. The first symptoms are manifested in violations of blood flow and the oxygen starvation of the brain associated with this. These include:

• Shortness of breath while walking and when doing exercises in physical education classes;
• Dizziness;
• Headache and pain in the heart area;
• increased sweating;
• General weakness;
• Decreased appetite.

When these symptoms appear in a child, an ECG should be done. With sinus bradycardia, the cardiogram clearly shows that the sinus rhythm is slowed down. This is indicated by the reduced height of the P waves, while their amplitude is slightly expanded. T waves, on the contrary, are higher, with a wide amplitude. Expanded and the QRS interval of the ventricular complex. The P-Q interval indicating the time of the impulse is also increased.

For the treatment of bradycardia in children, drugs are prescribed that help correct carbohydrate metabolism, maintain normal electrolyte balance, and improve the supply of oxygen to the brain. In addition, the treatment of the underlying disease, which causes a slowing of the pulse, is carried out. It is recommended to take special vitamin complexes, introduce olive or sesame oil, sea kale into the diet. In some cases, bradycardia in children disappears with age.

Bradycardia in the fetus

The level of development of modern medicine allows you to examine the health of the child when he is still in the womb. How the baby feels is determined by the heart rate. Normally, it ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute. This indicator of the vital activity of the embryo is checked at each scheduled visit by a woman to a gynecological consultation, starting from eight weeks of pregnancy. With normal development, it is enough to listen to heart sounds with a conventional stethoscope. But if the doctor has revealed a decrease in heart rate, then the expectant mother is sent for an additional examination: they do a CTG (fetal cardiotocogram), through which the conductivity of the heart muscle of the embryo, its excitability and contractility, or a Doppler examination is checked. A decrease in the fetal heart rate to 110 beats per minute is called basal bradycardia. It can be caused by compression of the fetal head, maternal hypotension, and a number of other causes. This type of bradycardia is not dangerous for the health of the baby. But the expectant mother needs to take care of eliminating the causes of her causing, so that the baby's heartbeat returns to normal. Decelerant bradycardia in the fetus is much more dangerous when the heart rate is less than 90 beats per minute. This indicates the suffering of the child, which is caused by oxygen starvation (fetal hypoxia). It develops when a pregnant woman takes certain types of drugs, when she develops preeclampsia (late toxicosis) or anemia (iron deficiency), premature detachment of the placenta, etc.

Fetal bradycardia can occur at any stage of pregnancy. In the first half of pregnancy, a lack of oxygen can affect the formation of the baby's organs, causing them to underdevelop. In the second half, oxygen starvation leads to disturbances in the development of the central nervous system and problems during childbirth. Bradycardia is dangerous because it can cause the death of a child not only during fetal development, but also during childbirth (fetal asphyxia), and even in the first hours after birth.

During pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat is checked using a conventional obstetric stethoscope and using dopplerometry, which is prescribed not only for expectant mothers with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (bronchitis, etc.), diabetes mellitus, cardiac disorders, but also for healthy women in accordance with pregnancy protocol. Starting from the second half of pregnancy, the expectant mother herself can find out if there are deviations in the baby's pulse, counting his movements. If the baby turns (moves) in the mother's stomach, doing 10 or more two-minute episodes, then everything is in order. If the number of series is less, there is a reason to undergo an additional examination. To treat fetal bradycardia, drugs are administered to the mother. Through the general bloodstream, they enter the child's circulatory system. At the same time, there is an improvement in the uteroplacental blood flow of a woman. Drug therapy is carried out based on the type of bradycardia and its severity, the health status of the expectant mother, taking into account the duration of pregnancy. Most often, droppers with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, cocarboxylase, ascorbic acid and glucose, oxygen masks are prescribed. The drugs are administered in the following order:

1. First, solutions of cocarboxylase and sodium bicarbonate;
2. Then, a solution of ascorbic acid with glucose;
3. Finally, calcium gluconate is administered.

If the devices recorded the occurrence of acute bradycardia during childbirth, then the woman in labor and the baby who was born are injected subcutaneously (if possible) with atropine.

Bradycardia in infants

Bradycardia in newborns occurs not only with organic diseases of the cardiovascular system. It can develop as a result of birth trauma, perinatal encephalopathy, pneumonia, toxic-allergic manifestations, metabolic disorders, etc. Sometimes the baby's heart rate slows down on exhalation during long walks on frosty days. This is a kind of reaction to the cold. This type of disease is characterized by a decrease in heart rate to 100 beats per minute. It is not uncommon for neonatal bradycardia to precede or during an apnea (breathing arrest) attack. Of particular concern is the pronounced sinus bradycardia of an infant with a heart rate of less than 70 beats per minute, which indicates congenital heart block. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• The baby turns pale sharply, his skin becomes bluish.

• He stops moving, as if freezes. This condition may be accompanied by convulsions.
• Sleep apnea occurs and the neonatal cardiac arrest is possible.

When these signs appear, a screening examination of the baby is carried out, his cardiovascular system is checked in order to exclude congenital heart disease. In the future, the newborn is under the constant supervision of a pediatrician, continuous monitoring of his heart is carried out, if necessary, drugs are administered that stop bradycardia, which has hemodynamic significance. Treatment is aimed at eliminating diseases that cause bradycardia. Many people do not always pay due attention to their health. They do not pay attention to the signals that the body gives. After all, even harmless, at first glance, nocturnal bradycardia can eventually turn into more serious heart rhythm disturbances. Therefore, if you notice that your heart rate is slowing down more and more often, try to take a different look at your lifestyle. Perhaps something in it needs to be changed. And then your heart will always work like a clock, supplying blood to the brain and other organs in time.

Treatment of bradycardia with hypertension: what to do with a small weak pulse

Bradycardia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the frequency of contraction of the heart muscle.

The condition of a person when he has a rare pulse at high pressure is an infrequent occurrence.

The heart rate drops to 60 beats per minute. Most often, such a pathology occurs against the background of the development of cardiac pathology, but it can also be observed in the normal state of a person.

Treatment of bradycardia in hypertension is a rather complicated process, as it requires the use of drugs that are opposite in their effect on the body.

If a hypertensive patient has detected a slowdown in his pulse, you should immediately consult a doctor for consultation and examination.

Bradycardia with increased pressure is a dangerous disorder and its treatment should be carried out only by a specialist, self-medication is unacceptable.

Varieties of bradycardia in humans

The appearance of a small pulse at high pressure is usually associated with the occurrence of disturbances in the conduction system of the heart.

In some cases, the appearance of a weak pulse at high pressure is due to a decrease in the ability of the sinoatrial node to form more beats per minute.

A rare pulse occurs in the case of incorrect movement of signals along the conduction heart system.

There are several types of brachycardia.

Cardiologists distinguish five varieties of this disorder:

1. Drug - occurs with prolonged use of certain medications belonging to the groups of cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium antagonists.
2. A neurogenic form of a disorder that occurs in the presence of high intracranial pressure, with the development of hypertension, duodenal ulcer or stomach ulcer, prolonged depression and the development of neuroses.
3. Endocrine - occurs when a person has a deficiency of iodine, potassium and oxygen.
4. Endogenous form or toxic, develops after suffering influenza, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, or as a result of the development of sepsis.
5. The myogenic form of the disorder appears as a consequence of the pathology of the emerging pathologies in the work of the sinus node, cardiosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease.

Bradycardia at elevated pressure develops in the presence of pathological changes in the PSS. With such a violation, electrical impulses do not propagate correctly, which leads to the appearance of a rare pulse and a decrease in the frequency of myocardial contractions.

Myocardial dysfunction can be caused by:

• the development of atherosclerotic disorders of the coronary vessels;
• cardiosclerosis;
• myocarditis;
• the formation of post-infarction scars;
• the use of certain medicines.

In rare cases, the cause of bradycardia is due to the presence of intracranial hypertension.

Treatment of bradycardia with high blood pressure

Reducing the heart rate in hypertension requires a special approach to the treatment procedures.

If such a violation is detected, it is forbidden to take some drugs used in the medical treatment of hypertension.

These drugs are the following:

Beta-blockers block the functions of the sinus node, and if a bradycardiac syndrome occurs, this part of the heart works with disorders. In the case of using tablets belonging to this group of drugs, a fatal outcome may occur.

To reduce the level of blood pressure should be carried out with the use of drugs that do not affect the heart rate.

Before you start using drugs for bradycardia in hypertension, you should find out the cause of the formation of the pathological condition.

The most common causes of a decrease in heart rate in hypertension are:

1. The development of infection and damage to the myocardium and its impulse transmission system.
2. The development of a patient with cardiomyopathy, which has a different nature of origin.
3. The occurrence of such endocrine disorders as hypothyroidism.
4. Taking medications that provoke the appearance of bradycardia.

The standard treatment for the state of bradycardia is to carry out measures aimed at stopping the causes contributing to the appearance of the pathology. For this purpose, symptomatic treatment is used.

The therapy is aimed at blocking the influence exerted on the work of the heart by the parasympathetic nervous system and at stimulating the functioning of adrenergic receptors.

The attending physician must increase the heart rate during treatment and at the same time prevent an increase in blood pressure.

Medicines for the treatment of pathology

Treatment of bradycardia can be carried out in several ways - medicines, folk remedies and with the help of surgery.

If there is a predisposition, one should not forget about the implementation of preventive measures.

When conditions arise to reduce the pulse and symptoms of bradycardia, the following tablets and injection solutions are most often used:

Each of these drugs has some contraindications for use.

So if a woman is pregnant, then only caffeine is the only approved drug for bradycardia. The rest of these drugs are prohibited.

Children from the age of 12 are allowed to use caffeine and ginseng tincture if they have a low number of heart contractions with high blood pressure.

At home, bradycardia therapy with high blood pressure is carried out with the help of massages, herbal treatment and mixtures, which contain a large amount of essential oils. But such methods cannot be applied indiscriminately. This approach to treatment can harm the patient. Before using any traditional medicine, you should visit a cardiologist and consult on the use of a particular medicinal composition.

In addition, the use of traditional medicine can affect the condition of various organs of the patient. So, for example, the use of lemon or other berries that have a sour taste can, in case of disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, provoke inflammation of the mucosa. Long-term use of herbal preparations aimed at increasing the heart rate can raise the frequency of contraction so much that it will provoke the development of a new disease.

When taking this or that folk remedy, you should monitor the reaction of the body and clearly understand what the effect of the drug is aimed at.

To restore a normal heart rate, it is recommended to exert limited physical activity on the body.

• swimming;
• badminton;
• cardio yoga;
• sports walking;
• breathing exercises;
• jogging at a moderate pace.

All these types of sports activity have a moderate load on the heart, not only the heart muscle is trained, but also the vascular system. When conducting classes, you should avoid the appearance of a feeling of fatigue, a feeling of intense thirst and overheating of the body.

Treatment of hypertension with a low, weak pulse is carried out using alpha-blockers, ACE inhibitors, natural diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers.

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Sinus bradycardia is a type of heart rhythm disorder where the heart beats at a lower than normal frequency. The pulse with bradycardia decreases to 60 or less beats per minute, leading to insufficient blood supply to the internal organs and the appearance of a clinic.

Sinus bradycardia can be detected in quite healthy people when it is considered a variant of the norm and does not provoke any negative subjective signs. For example, trained professional athletes usually have a slower heart rate than other people. About a quarter of young men have a pulse of about 50-60 beats per minute, and in sleeping adults and children, the heart rate drops by a third.

Sometimes bradycardia reflects individual constitutional features and is also not considered a disease if there are no symptoms of blood flow disorders in the brain and other organs.

However, often bradycardia still accompanies cardiac pathology, being an expression of organic changes in the heart muscle and conduction system. In these cases, the appearance of symptoms is inevitable, and the patient needs treatment, without which the state of health will be poor, and the body will suffer from hypoxia.

Sinus, that is, normal, heart rhythm, is generated from the main sinus node of the conduction system, which sets the required number of impulses per unit time according to human needs. During exercise, the activity of this nerve node increases, leading to an increase in heart rate (HR), while in a state of sleep, on the contrary, the pulse slows down.

Violation of the automatism of the sinus node, a decrease in the number of impulses, the difficulty of their conduction along the fibers of the conduction system cause bradycardia, when the heart rate drops to 50-30 beats per minute. Symptoms usually appear when the pulse becomes 40 beats or less.

Mild bradycardia does not pose a threat to life, and its owner himself may not experience any concern about this, not paying attention to the pulse and not constantly counting it, if the body is healthy and all organs and systems are working correctly.

On the other hand, prolonged and, moreover, progressive bradycardia serves as a signal for examination, as it can be the result of not only cardiac pathology, but also damage to other organs. Attention on the part of specialists to sinus bradycardia is caused by an increased risk of cardiac arrest against the background of a pronounced decrease in heart rate, so each case deserves special monitoring and establishing the cause of the anomaly.

Why does bradycardia occur?

The causes of sinus bradycardia are quite diverse and are associated with both diseases of the internal organs and external adverse conditions. These include:

• Organic damage to the heart - cicatricial and diffuse sclerotic processes (cardiosclerosis), inflammation (myocarditis), when the connective tissue affects the sinus node and prevents the spread of impulses to the myocardium;
• Effect of low temperatures, hypothermia;
• Increased tone of the parasympathetic nervous system (vagotonia);
• Intracranial hypertension against the background of a stroke, cerebral edema, meningoencephalitis, tumors;
• The use of certain groups of drugs (cardiac glycosides, beta-blockers);
• Heavy metal poisoning (lead), organophosphorus compounds, nicotine intoxication;
• Myxedema (decrease in the level of thyroid hormones), some infections (typhoid fever, cholera), pathology of the adrenal glands;
• Starvation, anorexia.

With functional disorders of sympathetic innervation, there is an increase in the tone of the vagus nerve, while maintaining sinus rhythm, bradycardia is combined with respiratory arrhythmia, and the pulse increases with physical effort or the administration of drugs (atropine).

In the case of organic damage to the structures of the heart (cardiosclerosis, inflammation), there is sinus arrhythmia, bradycardia is not eliminated by the administration of atropine, and during exercise there is only a slight increase in heart rate, which indicates a mechanical obstacle to the conduction of impulses.

So, all the factors that cause sinus bradycardia can be divided into extracardiac and cardiac.

Extracardiac changes cause arrhythmia in a healthy heart and its pathways. Most often, this form of bradycardia is diagnosed with vegetative-vascular dysfunction, neurotic conditions common to people of all ages, but especially to young women and adolescents.

Cause sinus bradycardia is capable of wearing a tight collar, too tightly tightened tie, squeezing the carotid sinus. Pressure on the eyeballs contributes to a reflex decrease in heart rate, which is well known to people with the opposite problem - tachycardia.

Extracardiac causes of pathology include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastric and duodenal ulcers), endocrine system, and brain. With hypothyroidism, bradycardia is all the more pronounced, the stronger the lack of thyroid hormones.

The cardiac variant of sinus bradycardia is directly related to the heart - heart muscle infarction, cardiosclerosis, dystrophic and inflammatory processes, cardiomyopathies that contribute to the degeneration of the pacemaker and disruption of its function. With structural changes in the sinus node, the development of its weakness syndrome (SSS) is possible, when the heart contracts rhythmically, but rarely.

Severe sinus bradycardia is extremely dangerous due to the possibility of failure of the sinus pacemaker to generate impulses, which is fraught with cardiac arrest and death.

The dosage form of bradycardia is associated with the intake of certain groups of drugs - cardiac glycosides, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, which are widely prescribed for patients with heart disease and hypertension.

The so-called toxic variety of sinus bradycardia can be associated not only with the intake of toxic substances from the outside, but also with serious diseases - sepsis, hepatitis, acute renal failure, typhoid fever, etc. Electrolyte disorders with an increase in the level of potassium or calcium in the blood serum can also cause this form of arrhythmia.

Age-related changes caused by aging can occur with bradycardia without severe damage to the heart and sinus node, which can be considered a natural result of aging. If a comprehensive examination did not help to identify the true cause of the arrhythmia, then they speak of an idiopathic variant of the pathology.

Manifestations and diagnostic methods of sinus bradycardia

Since bradycardia disrupts blood oxygen delivery to organs, the main target in pathology is the brain, which is very sensitive to hypoxia.

Depending on the severity of symptoms of damage to the brain and other organs, there are several degrees of severity of arrhythmia:

1. Mild sinus bradycardia, often caused by disorders of nervous regulation, when the heart rate does not become less than 50 beats per minute, while symptoms are usually absent;
2. Moderate sinus bradycardia - heart rate in the range of 40-50 beats / min, is asymptomatic or with minor manifestations (weakness, dizziness);
3. Severe bradycardia - with a heart rate below 40 per minute, is accompanied by a bright clinic of hemodynamic disturbances, convulsions and cardiac arrest are possible.

Classification according to the level of heart rate is very conditional and is not used in the practice of cardiologists due to its subjectivity, because a pulse of 50 can not always be considered as a pathology. For a more accurate assessment of the role of arrhythmia for a particular patient, it is important to establish whether it leads to hemodynamic disturbances or not. As a rule, mild and moderate degree of bradycardia according to the heart rate value are hemodynamically insignificant, that is, the blood flow in the organs is preserved.

With severe sinus bradycardia, the heart is not able to provide tissues and organs with oxygen sufficiently, hypoxia progresses, and arrhythmia is considered hemodynamically significant.

Symptoms of sinus bradycardia appear when the heart rate drops to 40 or less per minute. The most typical complaints that patients present:

• Dizziness;
• Weakness and tiredness, fatigue;
• shortness of breath, feeling short of breath;
• Pain in the region of the heart, discomfort in the chest;
• Episodic visual impairment;
• Attacks of loss of consciousness;
• Seizures.

If bradycardia occurs periodically, then the patient feels it by dizziness, which indicates a decrease in blood pressure and oxygen delivery to the brain tissue. In hypotensive patients, this symptom is more pronounced than in people with normal or high blood pressure.

Severe bradycardia is often accompanied by fainting - the patient loses consciousness, may fall and be injured. Prolonged syncope is fraught with impaired blood circulation in the brain and even death of the patient due to dysfunction of stem structures and respiratory arrest.

Weakness and fatigue are quite characteristic signs of bradycardia, because organs and tissues do not receive the nutrition they need. Patients quickly get tired during physical and intellectual stress, they need more time to recover.

Outwardly, in people suffering from bradycardia, pallor of the skin attracts attention, and if rhythm disturbance accompanies heart failure, then in addition to pallor, cyanosis will also be noticeable, and edema will appear.

Pain in the region of the heart can manifest itself with bradycardia against the background of autonomic dysfunction or neurosis, but in this case they are transient and are not considered a cardiac pathology. Another thing is if the patient suffers from cardiosclerosis, heart failure, and the coronary arteries are affected by the atherosclerotic process. In this case, bradycardia contributes to even less blood flow to the myocardium and the development of an angina attack.

In severe cases, severe bradycardia causes a deep syncope and convulsions associated with oxygen starvation of the brain. Episodes of loss of consciousness against the background of very rare contractions of the heart are called Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks, which are often observed in sick sinus syndrome. This arrhythmia is life-threatening and requires emergency medical attention.

Neurological symptoms in sinus bradycardia associated with cerebral hypoxia can manifest as transient paresis, decreased vision, memory, attention, sleep disturbance, speech disorder, when the patient seems to “swallow” individual words.

Diagnostic criteria, bradycardia in children

Sinus bradycardia can be diagnosed not only in adults with a variety of diseases, but also in children. As you know, in babies, the pulse is more frequent - in newborns it reaches 140-160 beats per minute, by the year it decreases to 120-125, and only by the age of 12 it approaches the norm of an adult.

Due to the naturally high heart rate in a child, bradycardia is diagnosed in him at higher pulse rates than in adults (less than 60). In newborns, bradycardia is indicated by a pulse of less than 120 beats / min, for preschool children this figure will be less than 70, for adolescents - below 62.

The reasons for the decrease in heart rate in children and adolescents can be congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathies, excessive exercise, autonomic dysfunction, and neuroses. The restructuring of the cardiovascular system during puberty and the vagotonia characteristic of this age can be the cause of sinus bradycardia, which is leveled with growth and maturation.

Symptoms of arrhythmia in children and adolescents are similar to those in adults - weakness, fatigue, dizziness. Mothers of infants notice the baby's rapid fatigue during feeding, poor appetite and restless sleep, shortness of breath is possible.

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of sinus bradycardia is established on the basis of typical patient complaints, examination data and primary examination, and electrocardiography shows reliable signs.

At the appointment, a cardiologist or therapist fixes a rare pulse, which retains its rhythm. Heart sounds on auscultation may be muffled if the arrhythmia is accompanied by valvular or myocardial pathology.

Electrocardiography is the main and easiest way of instrumental diagnosis of sinus bradycardia. On the ECG, the characteristic signs of this arrhythmia are:

1. Lengthening of intervals between ventricular complexes;
2. Correct sinus rhythm.

Thus, the ECG with sinus bradycardia is close to normal, with the exception of rare heart contractions. If during the removal of the cardiogram it was not possible to fix an episode of bradycardia, then the patient will be offered Holter monitoring. An ultrasound examination helps to establish an organic lesion of the myocardium.

Among laboratory diagnostic methods, a study of the electrolyte composition of the blood, hormonal balance, the determination of toxins in case of suspected poisoning, bacteriological analysis to exclude the infectious nature of arrhythmia can be assigned.

Treatment of sinus bradycardia

Sinus bradycardia does not always warrant specific treatment. Physiological slowing of the heart rate, which is not manifested by any subjective symptoms and, moreover, by circulatory disorders in the internal organs, does not require therapy.

If some other disease or condition provokes bradycardia, then the doctor's prescriptions will be in accordance with the causative pathology - hormone analogues for endocrine diseases, correction of electrolyte disorders, antibiotics for infections, etc. Signs of hemodynamic disturbances, manifested by specific symptoms, require medication corrections.

It is important to note that in the case of bradycardia, as well as any other change in the rhythm of the heart, self-medication is unacceptable, even if the drugs taken seem harmless. Any drug can be prescribed only by a doctor based on the appropriateness of bradycardia therapy in principle.

Symptoms such as shortness of breath, dizziness and frequent fainting, severe weakness, hypotension against the background of slowing the rhythm, as well as a pulse of less than 40 beats per minute, when a lack of blood flow in the organs is inevitable, can serve as indications for the start of treatment.

Treatment of sinus bradycardia is carried out on an outpatient basis, but in case of severe cardiac pathology, the symptom of which is bradycardia, hospitalization may be required. In these cases, the presence of arrhythmia poses a threat to the life of the patient, who is closely monitored.

Sinus bradycardia can be treated medically and surgically. Drug therapy includes the use of agents that stimulate the contractile activity of the heart and reduce the influence of the autonomic nervous system on pathways in the myocardium:

The listed drugs are usually used during the period of aggravation of the arrhythmia until the normal value of the heart rate is restored, and then they are canceled. It is possible to take herbal remedies that increase the heart rate and blood pressure - eleutherococcus, ginseng, belladonna.

With persistent sinus bradycardia, therapy is indicated to improve metabolism in the sinus node and myocardium:

1. Antioxidants and cardioprotectors (antioxycaps, omega-3, mexidol, riboxin);
2. Means for improving metabolic processes in cardiomyocytes - mildronate, actovegin;
3. Nootropics - piracetam;
4. Multivitamins.

Severe bradycardia with attacks of loss of consciousness against the background of organic pathology of the myocardium, which is not corrected by medication, requires cardiac surgery - the installation of a pacemaker. Indications for implantation of a pacemaker are: heart rate less than 40, Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks, progressive heart failure.

Let's say a few words about folk remedies, the popularity of which does not decrease even with the availability of modern treatment. Alternative treatment can be considered justified only in cases where bradycardia is functional, caused by increased vagal tone, and heart rate is not lower than 40 beats per minute. With organic changes in the heart - defects, coronary disease, cardiomyopathy - it is not only meaningless, but also dangerous.

To reduce the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart, herbs with a tonic effect - ginseng, eleutherococcus, as well as plants such as yarrow, immortelle, Chinese magnolia vine, taken in the form of decoctions and tinctures, can help.

You should not resort to folk remedies without consulting a doctor, as well as in combination with already prescribed drug therapy, since in this case the risk of unwanted side effects and unpredictable arrhythmias increases.

To prevent attacks of bradycardia, you should stop smoking and follow a diet that limits alcohol, animal fats, the amount of liquid and salt consumed. It is important to follow the cardiologist's prescriptions and promptly treat those diseases that may be the cause of the slowing of the heart rate.

The prognosis for sinus bradycardia is considered favorable if there is no organic heart disease. Cardiac pathology, the combination of sinus bradycardia with other types of arrhythmia, episodes of syncopal conditions make the prognosis serious and serve as a reason for the installation of a pacemaker.

1. Causes of bradycardia
2. Manifestations of bradycardia
3. Dangers with a weak pulse
4. Help with weak pulse
5. Treatment

Everyone knows that the pulse reflects the frequency of oscillations of the heart muscle. A low pulse in a person can indicate the presence of various abnormalities and malfunctions in the heart. There are many factors that cause this condition. Meteorological dependence can be attributed to them. The pulse may become weak due to medications that lower blood pressure. In most cases, this manifestation does not lead to irreversible changes, but in any case, it is worth contacting a cardiologist and determining the cause of such a deviation.

Causes of bradycardia

The pulse rate in people of different age categories is different, it ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. But it cannot be said that a one-time decrease to 50 beats per minute indicates a pathology. There are many reasons why values ​​may deviate from the norm. These include:

• malfunctions of the endocrine system;
• arterial hypertension;
• heart disease;
• bad habits;
• emotional stress;
• infectious diseases;
• head injury;
• long-term use of medications;
• hypothermia;
• significant blood loss;
• prolonged fasting.

These causes affect changes in heart rate. Depending on the provoking factors, the following types of bradycardia can be distinguished:

1. Absolute.
2. Relative.
3. Moderate.
4. Extracardiac.

With absolute bradycardia, a weak pulse does not affect the quality of life. The person does not experience any symptoms. Relative bradycardia manifests itself at the time of great physical exertion or develops against a background of serious illness. Moderate bradycardia is most often diagnosed in children, while a low pulse appears only at the time of sleep. Treatment is excellent depending on the type of bradycardia.

Manifestations of bradycardia

In cardiology practice, asymptomatic bradycardia occurs. A weak pulse can be detected in an absolutely healthy person with normal pressure at the time of a routine medical examination. This is not a life-threatening manifestation, but such a pathology requires observation. With a weak pulse often occur:

• dizziness;
• fainting;
• headache;
• weakness;
• neurological disorders.

Increasing manifestations may indicate irreversible changes in the work of the heart, such a condition requires urgent treatment.

But often a low pulse does not cause concern for cardiologists with normal pressure. This often happens in athletes whose pulse fluctuates between 60-50 beats per minute, without unpleasant symptoms.

Average patients, whose heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute, often turn to a cardiologist with complaints of weakness, difficulty breathing, and weakening of brain activity. Such a condition requires study to determine the causes.

Dangers with a weak pulse

Of particular danger is a rare pulse, the frequency of which is less than 40 beats per minute. This can be critical, because in this case the brain experiences oxygen starvation. This condition is accompanied by nausea and dizziness, in some cases, a sharp loss of consciousness.

The most dangerous is that the patient's heart may stop, it becomes fatal in the absence of the necessary medical care. The pulse rate should be monitored to prevent irreversible consequences.

Help with weak pulse

A rare pulse may be an individual feature of the body or a distinctive manifestation of heart disease. With a low pulse less than 50 beats per minute, an emergency team should be called. The patient with loss of consciousness is hospitalized without fail. This condition is life threatening.

It is dangerous to take drugs without a doctor's prescription in this case. In order to choose the necessary drug, you should undergo an examination, measure the pressure and frequency of oscillations of the heart muscle 2 times a day for a week. The following medications are prescribed:

• sympathomimetics;
• anticholinergics.

The use of such drugs should be under the supervision of a physician. In some cases, taking these drugs can cause other pathological changes in the work of the heart.

If the pulse is slightly reduced, at home you can increase it a little, for this you need:

• relax and unwind;
• drink a glass of green tea;
• take the drug prescribed by the doctor.

It is also helpful to do light exercise. Some doctors believe that running at an easy pace helps to improve the heart rate. The patient is recommended a healthy lifestyle and a complete rejection of bad habits.

Treatment

Treatment is directly related to the causes of the disease. Therefore, it is impossible to choose effective drugs on your own. Combinations of medicines are selected by a cardiologist on an individual basis for each patient.

There are forms of bradycardia that do not require treatment, in which to normalize the pulse, it is only necessary to eliminate negative factors. If bradycardia is manifested due to medication, it is enough to change it to a drug that does not affect the heart rate.

A weak pulse often does not pose a danger to human life. But it is worth noting that a timely visit to the doctor is necessary. Do not self-medicate, it often aggravates the course of the disease and leads to irreversible consequences. Treatment of bradycardia with all kinds of herbs and infusions can be started only after consulting a cardiologist.

Medicines for hypertension: what are they

Hypertension is a sustained increase in blood pressure: systolic "upper" pressure > 140 mm Hg. and/or diastolic "lower" pressure > 90 mm Hg. The key word here is "sustainable". The diagnosis of arterial hypertension cannot be made on the basis of one random measurement of pressure. Such measurements should be carried out at least 3-4 on different days, and each time the blood pressure is elevated. If you are still diagnosed with arterial hypertension, then you will most likely need to take pressure pills.

These are drugs that lower blood pressure and relieve symptoms - headaches, flies before the eyes, nosebleeds, etc. But the main goal of taking medications for hypertension is to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure and other complications.

Blood pressure pills, which come in 5 major classes, have been proven to significantly improve cardiovascular and renal prognosis. In practice, this means that taking medication gives a delay of several years in the development of complications. This effect will be only if the hypertensive patient takes his pills regularly (every day), even when nothing hurts and he feels normal. What are the 5 main classes of drugs for hypertension - detailed below.
What is important to know about hypertension medications:

1. If the “upper” systolic pressure is > 160 mm Hg, then one or more medications should be started immediately to lower it. Because with such high blood pressure, there is an extremely high risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney and vision complications.
2. A blood pressure of 140/90 or lower is considered more or less safe, and for diabetics 130/85 or lower. To lower the pressure to this level, you usually have to take not one drug, but several at once.
3. It is more convenient to take not 2-3 tablets for pressure, but a single tablet, which contains 2-3 active ingredients. A good doctor is one who understands this and tries to prescribe combined pills, and not individually.
4. Treatment of hypertension should begin with one or more drugs in small doses. If after 10-14 days it turns out that it does not help enough, then it is better not to increase the dosage, but to add other drugs. Taking pills for pressure in maximum doses is a dead end. Read the article "Causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them." Follow the recommendations that are outlined in it, and do not just bring down the pressure with pills.
5. It is advisable to be treated with pressure pills, which are enough to take 1 time per day. Most modern drugs - just like that. They are called extended-release antihypertensive drugs.
6. Blood pressure lowering drugs prolong life, even for older people aged 80 and over. This is proven by the results of long-term international studies involving thousands of elderly patients with hypertension. Pressure pills do not exactly cause senile dementia, and even inhibit its development. Moreover, it is worth taking medicines for hypertension in middle age so that a sudden heart attack or stroke does not happen.
7. Medicines for hypertension must be taken continuously, every day. Unauthorized breaks are prohibited. Take the antihypertensive pills that you have been prescribed, even on days when you feel good and your blood pressure is normal.

The pharmacy sells up to a hundred different types of blood pressure pills. They are divided into several large groups, depending on their chemical composition and effects on the patient's body. Each one has its own characteristics. To choose which pills to prescribe, the doctor examines the patient's test data, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases, in addition to high blood pressure. After that, he makes a responsible decision: what medicine for hypertension and in what dosage to prescribe to the patient. The doctor also takes into account the age of the patient. For more information, read the note "What medications for hypertension are prescribed for older people".

Advertising often promises that your life will be just “candy” as soon as you start taking this or that new antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure) drug. But in fact, everything is so simple. Because all the "chemical" drugs for hypertension have side effects, more or less strong. Only natural vitamins and minerals that normalize blood pressure can boast a complete absence of side effects.

Proven effective and cost-effective blood pressure supplements:

• Magnesium + Vitamin B6 from Source Naturals;
• Taurine from Jarrow Formulas;
• Fish oil from Now Foods.

Read more about the technique in the article "Treatment of hypertension without drugs". How to order hypertension supplements from the USA - download instructions. Get your blood pressure back to normal without the harmful side effects that chemical pills cause. Improve heart function. Become calmer, get rid of anxiety, sleep like a baby at night. Magnesium with vitamin B6 works wonders for hypertension. You will have excellent health, to the envy of your peers.

Below we will discuss in detail what groups of drugs for hypertension exist and in which cases patients are prescribed drugs from one group or another. After that, you can read separate detailed articles about specific blood pressure pills that interest you. You and your doctor may decide that it is better to change your antihypertensive (lowering blood pressure) medication, ie. start taking a drug of a different class. If you are savvy in the question of what drugs for hypertension are, you will be able to ask competent questions to your doctor. In any case, if you are well versed in medications and the reasons why you were prescribed them, it will be easier for you to take them.

Indications for prescribing drugs for hypertension

The doctor prescribes medicines for hypertension to the patient if the risk of complications exceeds the risk of side effects:

• Blood pressure > 160/100 mm. rt. Art.;
• Blood pressure > 140/90 mm. rt. Art. + the patient has 3 or more risk factors for complications of hypertension;
• Blood pressure > 130/85 mm. rt. Art. + diabetes mellitus or cerebrovascular accident, or coronary heart disease, or kidney failure, or severe retinopathy (damage to the retina).

• Diuretics (diuretics);
• beta blockers;
• calcium antagonists;
• vasodilators;
• Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitor);
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (sartans).

When prescribing a patient a medication for hypertension, the doctor should give preference to drugs belonging to the groups listed in this note. Pills for hypertension from these groups not only normalize blood pressure, but also reduce the overall mortality of patients, prevent the development of complications. Each of the groups of blood pressure lowering pills has its own specific mechanism of action, its own indications, contraindications and side effects.

Groups of drugs for hypertension

Indications

Additional aspects to consider when choosing medications for hypertension:

Groups of drugs for hypertension

Indications

Choice of antihypertensive drugs for selected comorbid conditions (2013 recommendations)

Associated condition

Suitable medicines

Notes:

• Sartans are angiotensin-II receptor blockers, also called angiotensin-II receptor antagonists;
• Calcium antagonists - also called calcium channel blockers;
• Aldosterone antagonists are spironolactone or eplerenone.

• The best way to cure hypertension (fast, easy, healthy, without "chemical" drugs and dietary supplements)
• Hypertension - a folk way to recover from it at stages 1 and 2
• Causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them. Tests for hypertension

Diuretic drugs for hypertension

In the 2014 guidelines, diuretics (diuretics) retain their position as one of the leading classes of drugs for hypertension. Because they are the cheapest and enhance the effect of any other pressure pills. Hypertension is called malignant, severe, or resistant only if it does not respond to a combination of 2-3 drugs. And one of these drugs must be a diuretic.

Most often, the diuretic drug indapamide is prescribed for hypertension, as well as the good old hydrochlorothiazide (aka dichlothiazide and hypothiazide). Manufacturers are trying to get indapamide to replace hydrochlorothiazide, which has been in use for about 50 years, from the market. For this, numerous articles are published in medical journals. Indapamide is not expected to have a deleterious effect on metabolism. It has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with hypertension. But it doesn't lower blood pressure any more than low-dose hydrochlorothiazide and probably doesn't do much better at reducing the risk of complications from hypertension. And it costs much more.

Spironolactone and eplerenone are special diuretic drugs, aldosterone antagonists. They are prescribed for severe (resistant) hypertension as a 4th drug if a combination of 3 drugs does not help enough. First, patients with severe hypertension are prescribed a renin-angiotensin system blocker + a conventional diuretic + a calcium channel blocker. If the pressure is not reduced enough, then add spironolactone or the newer eplerenone, which has fewer side effects. Contraindications for the appointment of aldosterone antagonists - an increased level of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) or a glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys below 30-60 ml / min. In 10% of patients, hypertension occurs due to primary hyperaldosteronism. If the tests confirm primary hyperaldosteronism, then the patient is automatically prescribed spironolactone or eplerenone.

• Diuretics (diuretics) - general information;
• Dichlorothiazide (hydrodiuril, hydrochlorothiazide);
• Indapamide (Arifon, Indap);
• Furosemide (Lasix);
• Veroshpiron (Spironolactone);

Calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension

Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers) are perhaps the world's most popular drugs for hypertension. They are especially indicated if high blood pressure is combined with coronary heart disease, heart rhythm disturbances, and chronic kidney disease. Calcium channel blockers increase the excretion of sodium in the urine. It is advisable to prescribe them if it is proved that the patient has hypertension due to excessive consumption of table salt. In recent years, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists have come to the fore, and among them is amlodipine.

In chronic kidney disease, amlodipine can be added to an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (sartan). It is proved that this combination of drugs inhibits the development of renal failure. But the independent use of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, without an ACE inhibitor or sartan, in chronic kidney disease is considered undesirable. If there is severe (resistant) hypertension, then American experts consider it possible to prescribe combinations of dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists as a 5-6 “line of defense” to patients.

• Calcium antagonists - general information;
• Nifedipine (Adalat, Corinfar, Kordipin, Fenigidin);
• Amlodipine (Norvasc, Normodipin, Tenox);
• Lerkamen (Lercanidipine);
• felodipine (felodip);

ACE inhibitors

Dozens of rigorous studies have been conducted, the results of which prove that ACE inhibitors in hypertension reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, protect blood vessels and kidneys. These drugs are primarily prescribed to patients who have high blood pressure on the background of coronary heart disease in acute or chronic form, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease.

Medicines for hypertension are in great demand, which contain 2 active ingredients in one tablet. These are usually combinations of an ACE inhibitor with a diuretic or calcium antagonist. Unfortunately, 10-15% of people who take ACE inhibitors develop a chronic dry cough. This is considered a common side effect of this class of drugs. If patients read less about it, then their cough would develop less frequently. In such cases, ACE inhibitors are replaced by sartans, which have the same effect, but do not cause cough.

• ACE inhibitors - general information
• Captopril (Capoten)
• Enalapril (Renitek, Berlipril, Enap)
• Lisinopril (Diroton, Irumed)
• Perindopril (Prestarium, Perineva)
• Fosinopril (Monopril, Fozicard)

Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (sartans)

Since the early 2000s, indications for the use of angiotensin-II receptor blockers have expanded significantly, including for hypertension as a drug of first choice. These drugs are well tolerated. They cause side effects no more often than placebo. It is believed that in hypertension they reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, protect blood vessels, kidneys and other internal organs no worse than ACE inhibitors.

Sartans may be a better choice than ACE inhibitors for uncomplicated hypertension and in type 2 diabetics with diabetic nephropathy (complications of diabetes in the kidneys). In any case, they are prescribed if the patient develops an unpleasant dry cough from taking an ACE inhibitor. The only problem is that angiotensin-II receptor blockers are still less studied. A lot of research has been done on them, but still less than on ACE inhibitors.

In arterial hypertension, angiotensin-II receptor blockers are widely used in tablets that contain fixed combinations of 2 or 3 active ingredients. Common combination: sartan + thiazide diuretic + calcium channel blocker. Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists can be combined with amlodipine, as well as an ACE inhibitor. This combination helps to reduce swelling of the legs in patients.

Angiotensin-II receptor blockers for hypertension are also prescribed in the following situations:

• cardiac ischemia;
• chronic heart failure;
• type 2 diabetes;
• type 1 diabetes, regardless of whether kidney complications have already developed.

Sartans are not yet prescribed as drugs of first choice, but mainly for intolerance to ACE inhibitors. This is not due to the fact that angiotensin-II receptor antagonists are weaker, but because they are still not well understood.

• Angiotensin-II receptor blockers - general information
• Losartan (Lorista, Cozaar, Lozap)
• Aprovel (Irbesartan)
• Micardis (Telmisartan)
• Valsartan (Diovan, Valz, Valsakor)
• Teveten (Eprosartan)
• Kandesartan (Atakand, Kandekor)

Beta blockers

Beta-blockers have been attacked in the medical press, but still maintain their position as one of the leading classes of drugs for hypertension. It is especially justified to prescribe these tablets to patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, are diagnosed with angina pectoris, chronic heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances or chronic kidney disease. Also, beta-blockers help with hypertension in young and middle-aged patients who have hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, or an increased concentration of catecholamines in the blood.

Hyperthyroidism is an excess of thyroid hormones in the blood. Catecholamines - hormones adrenaline, norepinephrine and others that are produced by the adrenal glands. These hormones cause vasospasm, “accelerate” the heart, and in other ways increase blood pressure. Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure that can lead to blindness.

For elderly patients with hypertension, beta-blockers are prescribed if there is concomitant coronary heart disease or chronic heart failure. This is called secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. But if an elderly person has uncomplicated hypertension, i.e., the risk of a heart attack is low, then it is not considered advisable to be treated with beta-blockers.

Carvedilol and nebivolol have less adverse metabolic effects than other beta-blockers. Therefore, they are considered the drugs of choice for patients with hypertension on the background of type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Carvedilol and nebivolol are specific beta-blockers that have the added effect of relaxing and dilating blood vessels.

• Beta blockers - general information
• Carvedilol (Dilatrend, Coriol)
• Nebivolol (Nebilet, Binelol)
• Bisoprolol (Concor, Bidop, Biprol, Bisogamma)
• Metoprolol (Betaloc, Vasocardin, Corvitol, Egilok)
• Propranolol (Anaprilin, Obzidan)

second-line hypertension drugs

Second-line hypertension drugs tend to lower blood pressure as well as drugs from the 5 main groups that we reviewed above. Why were these drugs given supporting roles? Because they have significant side effects or are simply not well understood, there have been few studies on them. Second-line hypertension drugs are prescribed in addition to the main pills.

If a patient with hypertension has prostate adenoma, then the doctor will prescribe him an alpha-1-blocker. Methyldopa (dopegyt) is the drug of choice for controlling high blood pressure during pregnancy. Moxonidine (Physiotens) is an adjunct to combination treatment of hypertension in individuals with concomitant type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and if kidney function is reduced.

Clonidine (clonidine) powerfully lowers blood pressure, but has severe side effects - dry mouth, lethargy, drowsiness. Do not treat hypertension with clonidine! This drug causes significant jumps in blood pressure, a "roller coaster" that is harmful to the vessels. Against the background of clonidine treatment, a heart attack, stroke or kidney failure will happen much faster.

Aliskren (rasilez) is a direct renin inhibitor, one of the new drugs. It is currently used to treat uncomplicated hypertension. It is not recommended to combine rasilez with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers.

• Methyldopa (Dopegyt)
• Clonidine (Clonidine)
• Physiotens (Moxonidine)
• Coenzyme Q10 (Kudesan)

Is it worth it for the patient to spend time to understand well how different tablets for hypertension differ from each other? Of course yes! After all, it depends on how many more years the hypertensive person will live and how “quality” these years will be. If you switch to a healthy lifestyle and choose the right medicines, then it is quite likely that you can avoid the fatal complications of hypertension. After all, a sudden heart attack, stroke or kidney failure can easily turn an energetic person into a weak invalid. Scientists are aggressively researching new, more and more advanced groups of drugs for hypertension that will help reduce the incidence of complications.

• Effective treatment of hypertension without drugs
• How to choose a medicine for hypertension: general principles
• How to take hypertension medication for an elderly person

The diet for bradycardia is not strictly specific. Its main principles are a healthy diet and the use of heart-healthy foods in the diet. Of great importance are also the control of body weight and the rejection of bad habits: smoking and drinking alcohol.

What should be the therapeutic diet for bradycardia

There are no strict diets for bradycardia. But it is worth adhering to certain principles. The fact is that bradycardia (decrease in heart rate - heart rate) is not a disease. This is one of the symptoms of damage to the heart muscle (myocardium) of an inflammatory or metabolic-dystrophic nature.

In order to minimize the load on the already affected myocardium, you should monitor your weight, so foods such as fatty meat, high-fat dairy products and easily digestible carbohydrates (all sweets, including sweet carbonated drinks, cakes, pastries, etc.). You should also not eat a lot of fried, smoked and canned foods. All dishes are best slightly under-salted.

The diet of people with bradycardia should contain lean meat, sea fish (it can be fatty), seafood, sour-milk products, cottage cheese, low-fat hard cheeses, cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, corn), vegetable soups, borscht, stewed and fresh vegetables, fruits, dried fruits. It is better to give preference to products cooked by cooking, stewing or steaming. Meals should be frequent (5-6 times a day) and fractional (small portions).

In order to exclude toxic effects on the myocardium, do not smoke and drink alcohol. The introduction of foods useful for the heart muscle into the diet will further strengthen the work of the heart muscle (myocardium).

Nutrition for bradycardia - vital fats

Since fats are also a source of energy for the heart muscle, along with carbohydrates, their introduction into the diet is mandatory. It is especially important to consume fats that contain fatty acids that are well absorbed by the human body. These fats include polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). All of them are divided into two main families - Omega-3 and Omega-6. Omega-3 PUFAs are more unsaturated than Omega-6. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are essential fatty acids that the human body cannot synthesize on its own, so they must come from food. Omega-3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, alpha-linolenic acids, they normalize metabolic processes, participate in the synthesis of biologically active substances necessary for cellular metabolism. They prevent the development of atherosclerosis, have cardioprotective (protect the myocardium from various influences) and antiarrhythmic action, regulate inflammatory processes in the body and immunity. In addition, Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are a component of cell membranes and a source of energy.

Omega-3 PUFAs are found in large quantities in fish oils. And since fish oil obtained from marine fish, the latter should be introduced into the diet of people suffering from bradycardia. Both low-fat and fatty varieties of sea fish should be present in the diet. Lots of omega-3 PUFAs are also in linseed oil. Omega-6 PUFAs are found in corn and sunflower oils.

Nutrition for bradycardia - without potassium, magnesium and calcium, the heart muscle cannot fully work.

Potassium is called the heart vitamin because it is the main intracellular cation in heart muscle cells. Potassium is found in the following plant foods: baked potatoes, fresh cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, cabbage, watermelons, melons, bananas , oranges, red currants, lingonberries, dried fruits (dried apricots, figs, prunes, raisins), almonds, pine nuts , peanuts. There is also potassium in animal products, such as liver, fish, cottage cheese. However, it must be borne in mind that potassium inhibits the conduction of cardiac impulses, therefore, with heart blockades of 2-3 degrees, you should not use too many foods that contain it.