Papules all over the body in a child. How to understand what kind of rash a child has

In conclusion, I would like to once again draw the attention of parents to the fact that it is not necessary to try to understand what kind of rash the child has. Call a doctor.

And most importantly, do not draw on this rash with fucorcin, iodine or brilliant green. After you satisfy your drawing needs, no doctor will ever guess what was really there.

Source: mc21.ru

Rash in newborns

• Toxic erythema - occurs in almost half of full-term children. White-yellow papules or pustules up to 2 mm in diameter appear on the body, they are surrounded by a red rim. Some develop red spots, there are several of them, or they completely affect the skin without touching the palms and feet. Abundant rashes appear on the second day of life, then the rash begins to gradually disappear. The causes of the rash are unknown, it appears on its own and goes away.
• Acne in newborns - a fifth of all newborns from three weeks go through this condition. The rash occurs in the form of papules and pustules, mainly on the face and less often on the head and neck. The sebaceous glands are activated by maternal hormones, which causes rashes. It does not require treatment, you should only observe personal hygiene and moisturize emollients. They pass up to six months, do not leave spots and scars after themselves.
• Prickly heat - appears more in the warm season and is a frequent occurrence in newborns. When wrapping babies, the moisture of the skin increases and the contents of the sweat glands come out with difficulty. Manifestations occur on the head, face and areas of diaper rash, they almost do not become inflamed and the child does not feel discomfort. With good care, they pass quickly.

  The child may develop allergic reactions to food and with individual intolerance to medicines. Rashes have a different shape and are located throughout the body. The rash intensifies if the child continues to be affected by the allergen, and disappears after contact with it is stopped. Usually such rashes are accompanied by severe itching.

• Quincke's edema - a strong reaction of the body to an allergen, occurs in rare cases (to foods or medicines). The rash on the body lasts for a long time, edema forms, it becomes impossible for the child to breathe, as the edema blocks the larynx. If one of the parents has a predisposition to allergies, then the child should be protected from contact with the allergen.
• Urticaria - occurs on drugs, foods and temperature factors (solar and cold allergies). The cause of hives is very difficult to identify.

This article is for informational purposes only. If you have symptoms of any disease or feel unwell, the first thing to do is consult a doctor! The tips in this resource can help you in emergency situations where qualified medical personnel are not available.

A rash on the skin in children can talk about viral and bacterial infections. Also, elements of the rash are formed in a number of non-infectious pathologies. Each disease, which is accompanied by changes in the skin, is combined with a number of other symptoms. But in some cases, the rash is the leading manifestation, which can be used to suggest the onset of the disease. Consider what a rash is in children, what pathologies it appears in and how to treat it.

Rash on the body in children of an infectious nature

For rashes that appear when viruses or bacteria enter the body, their own special features are characteristic. These include:

• The presence of general intoxication of the body. That is, in addition to a rash on the body, the child has a fever, a headache, severe weakness and malaise. Additionally, the appetite disappears, the baby becomes drowsy. In some cases, nausea or vomiting may occur.
• Presence of other specific symptoms. We are talking about those signs that are the main ones for this pathology. For example, with some infections, the lymph nodes of a certain group increase.
• Cyclic flow. That is, any infection tends to be transmitted from another person. Therefore, it is worth assessing whether the child was in contact with a sick person, and so on.

If a child develops a rash on the body, visible mucous membranes should also be examined. Often there are rashes in the oral cavity that indicate the presence of an infectious pathology. In any case, the rash is an indication to see a doctor for medical help.

Exanthems in children appear when pathogenic microbes spread through the blood or lymph, or by contact. Also, its occurrence may be due to the development of the pathogen directly in the skin. Any rash indicates the development of an acute or the presence of a chronic infectious process.

Important things for parents to pay attention to

All these signs from the table can be determined independently and reported to the doctor. Ideally, you should go to the hospital right away. If this is not possible, then you can report these signs when calling an ambulance.

Rash with fever in a child

Let's consider at what diseases the rash with temperature most often appears. It should be understood that the development of hyperthermia is a sign of the addition of infectious agents, viruses or bacteria. Therefore, with the development of a high temperature of up to 38 and above, in combination with a rash, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Measles

Such a disease is highly contagious, that is, highly contagious. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and is accompanied by the appearance of high fever, rashes in the oral cavity and the gradual appearance of a spotty papular rash.

Features of the rash with measles:

• the phased nature of the appearance, that is, from 3 to 5 days from the moment the disease develops;
• the first elements usually appear behind the ears, in the region of the bridge of the nose;
• then they pass to the face and cover it quite densely;
• on the second day, all elements are distributed to the trunk and limbs;
• rashes are brown in color, end with hyperpigmentation and / or drying.

The nature of the rash with measles is papular, sometimes spotted. The elements are usually rounded and tend to merge.

Treatment of measles is carried out according to the following principles:

• Antibiotics are used only in complicated cases.
• In general, sick children are treated at home, and if it is not possible, they are taken from the infectious diseases hospital with complete isolation from other patients.
• Therapy is symptomatic treatment. Apply antipyretics, painkillers.

Currently, cases of measles are extremely rare. This low incidence is due to high vaccination coverage. Sporadic cases are possible only in places with a poor epidemiological situation. But in general, in the country and in the world, measles registration is at a minimum level.

Rubella

It also refers to diseases that occur with fever and the appearance of rashes on the skin. It should be noted that in this case, hyperthermia is not pronounced, usually the temperature rises to 37 or 37.5.

Rubella is a disease that is caused by a virus. Additionally, with it there is an increase in the size of the lymph nodes of the neck. A fairly common disease in childhood and adolescence.

Rash features:

• rashes appear on the first day of the disease;
• early elements appear on the face, then they quickly spread to the trunk and limbs;
• mostly the rash is on the extensor surfaces (torso, arms, legs);
• lasts mostly no more than 4 days, then passes without residual changes.

By nature, the rash is small-spotted, does not merge into large elements, approximately the same size, appears on unchanged skin.

Treatment and prevention of rubella:

• The therapy does not require the use of drugs. At the time of the rash, the patient is recommended to be in bed.
• Those who become ill at home are isolated from other family members who have not previously been ill and have not been vaccinated. The period of such a restriction is 5 days from the moment of rash.

Prevention today is carried out through the introduction of vaccines. Recently, rubella vaccination has been introduced into the national calendar.

Scarlet fever

Refers to infections that are caused by hemolytic streptococcus. It is characterized by an increase in temperature, the appearance of tonsillitis, an increase in lymph nodes. The rash in scarlet fever is small in the form of spots.

Peculiarities:

• a rash appears at the end of the first day or at the beginning of the second;
• initially, the elements appear on the cheeks, then move on to the body;
• location mainly on flexion surfaces;
• size up to 2 mm, in the form of small spots.

In the first days of illness, the rash is bright, then gradually brightens. It ends with the appearance of large peeling.

• The main therapy is the use of antibiotics.
• The group of choice are penicillins.
• Additionally, hyposensitizing agents are prescribed.

They also resort to local therapy in the form of gargling.

Meningococcal infection

It is transmitted by airborne droplets, from a sick person or carrier. It proceeds in the form of two forms: localized and generalized. It is accompanied by an increase in temperature up to 40, the appearance of a characteristic rash.

Features of rashes in children with meningococcal infection:

• elements appear in the first hours of the disease;
• before its appearance, the child may experience inflammation of the nose and larynx;
• against the background of elevated temperature, weakness and pallor of the skin, the first elements appear in the form of roseola;
• such elements quickly move from rounded, having the correct shape to rashes in the form of stars;
• located mainly on the limbs, trunk, palms.

There is also a slight elevation above the skin. In severe cases, the elements of the rash can turn into ulcers, which take a long time to heal and leave scars behind.

Treatment is carried out in infectious diseases departments, using a wide range of antibiotics. If such a disease is suspected, the patient is admitted to the hospital.

Possible complications in the form of meningitis, sepsis, meningoencephalitis. Therefore, when the first symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Chicken pox

It is also a disease that is accompanied by a rash and fever. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and is a highly contagious disease. After an infection, immunity is developed for life. It should be noted that pathology is more often recorded in children and adolescents.

Currently, there are cases of the varicella-zoster virus in adults who were not previously ill in childhood. In this case, the disease is more difficult to tolerate.

Rash features:

• the first elements appear immediately when the temperature rises;
• occur paroxysmal within two or four weeks;
• the first element of the rash is a spot, which then turns into a vesicle with a halo of hyperemia around;
• then the vesicles open with the formation of crusts, which then fall off.

A feature of chickenpox is a paroxysmal rash. That is, the first elements appear, and the subsequent ones only after two days. As a result, various stages of development of the rash elements can be found on the body of a child.

The rash is always accompanied by itching. Therefore, you need to monitor the child, since when combing, it is possible to attach a secondary bacterial infection.

• The patient is isolated from other people.
• Rashes are treated with brilliant green (brilliant green).
• Baths are taken with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

After recovery, the child can go to kindergarten or school.

The disease develops when infected with the herpes virus of the first type. Pathology begins with a rise in temperature, the appearance of chills, malaise and weakness. Accompanied by the appearance of a rash on various parts of the body.

Features are as follows:

• the rash appears more often around the mouth, nose and auricles;
• grouped bubbles appear that are filled with liquid;
• the diameter of the rash is 0.3 cm;
• gradually the bubbles begin to open with the formation of small ulcers;
• a crust appears, which later begins to fall off.

Slight pigmentation may remain on the skin. On Wednesday, the entire period of rashes takes no more than two weeks. In childhood, the vesicles often become infected.

Treatment includes the use of:

• Ointment Acyclovir is applied topically to the affected areas of the body.
• In severe cases, hospitalization and the use of antiviral drugs are required.
• Also, rashes can be treated with an alcohol solution.

Chickenpox in children occurs when a virus from a similar family, only of a different type, enters.

Pyoderma group

They belong to purulent inflammatory diseases that occur on the skin in children. Most often caused by streptococci. They can form primarily as an independent disease, or be a complication of another pathology.

Impetigo having a mixed nature. Comes with the following features:

• Bubbles appear, which pour out in waves.
• Often located on the scalp.
• The bubble has a thin wall, almost always bursts and a yellow crust forms in its place.

Treatment of a mild form is carried out with the use of antibacterial agents. Bullous impetigo is also referred to as pyoderma. Occurs as a localized form. Has its own characteristics:

• Blisters appear on previously unchanged skin.
• The vesicles are filled with a clear liquid, which then darkens.
• They quickly burst and dry out with the formation of crusts.

They usually occur in young children. Babies also have a disease such as pseudofurunculosis. Often they begin with the appearance of subcutaneous nodes with the size of peas. Gradually they begin to fluctuate. Treatment requires antibiotics.

The group of pyoderma in children is often found in violation of the rules of personal hygiene, lack of proper care for the child, with reduced local and general immunity.

Enteroviruses

Accompanied by fever, the development of diarrheal syndrome. In some cases, a rash appears on the skin.

Characteristic is:

• the appearance of hyperemia of all skin integuments;
• development of a rash in the form of spots and papules;
• element size up to 2mm;
• polymorphic.

When an enterovirus is attached, the child often has other symptoms that come to the fore. In this case, the development of a rash complements the main clinical picture. Treatment is carried out in accordance with the principles of therapy for such diseases.

Rash with itching

The appearance of a rash, which is combined with itching, is usually associated with an allergic reaction of the child's body. Similar rashes are observed, as a rule, when an allergen enters, which provokes the formation of hypersensitivity reactions.

At the same time, the nature of the allergic rash is very diverse. Usually, elements are formed in the form of papules, spots, or in combination. The size is medium or small, the elements do not merge and are accompanied by severe itching. An allergic rash can be located on the trunk, limbs, face.

Food and drug allergies

Children often have a tendency to develop various kinds of allergies. Often, food is formed, which is associated with the intake of a certain type of product. Allergens are often:

• citrus;
• berries;
• sweets (chocolate).

With the development of food allergies has its own characteristics. These include the following:

• The rash appears 20 or 30 minutes after eating.
• Not accompanied by fever or general malaise of the child.
• Accompanied by severe itching.
• Pours out in the form of spots or papules that appear simultaneously on any part of the body.

Periodic sprinkling is also characteristic, while the allergen enters the child's body. Therefore, if such a rash is detected, it is recommended to immediately exclude the guilty foods from the diet and see the reaction from the baby.

Drug allergies also occur among children and adolescents. A large number of drugs can provoke the development of such a reaction, especially if there is a aggravated allergic history. Accompanied by:

• the appearance of spots and papules some time after taking the drug;
• an allergy may not develop immediately, but on the second and subsequent medication;
• accompanied by intense itching.

This kind of allergic reaction disappears without a trace, when the problematic agent is eliminated. In general, it is recommended to give anti-allergic drugs, lubricate the areas with a similar ointment.

Even if the baby feels well, a rash on the child's body should always be a cause for concern. The main condition is not to try any homemade ointments and not give the child medicine until the doctor examines him. A rash can be a symptom of a number of diseases, and only a specialist will determine what is happening.

So, first of all, we will determine what cannot be done:

• give the child medicines at their own discretion;
• allow combing the rash;
• squeeze out "pimples" (pustules) or open blisters;
• smear rashes with colored preparations - iodine, brilliant green, etc.: they make it difficult to diagnose.

Rash of various origins

Sometimes a pink rash in a child on the body occurs 10-20 hours after the temperature (which lasted up to 3 days). What could it be?

• Allergic reaction. In this case, the culprit is antipyretics. In this case, the blood test is normal.
• Pseudo-rubella. She is roseola, three-day fever, sudden exanthema, the "sixth" disease. "Sixth" - as the herpes virus of the 6th type acts. The rash does not change and disappears on its own in 3-6 days, then immunity is formed.

In these cases, it is best to consult a doctor.

As a rule, rashes on the skin of babies are mainly caused by allergies, mild forms of infectious diseases, and poor hygiene.

There is a rash, no temperature: possible diseases

Among the problems in which a rash appears in children without fever, the following can be distinguished.

• Scabies. Rashes - not continuous, but in groups - spread over the abdomen, back, hands (including between the fingers) and wrists, appear on the buttocks, the inner parts of the legs. Itching usually starts at night.
• Hives. Rapidly emerging pink bumps all over the body, including mucous membranes. Duration - from several hours to three days. This is the body's response to drugs (especially antibiotics), hypothermia, allergen foods.
• Pyoderma. The general condition is normal. Redness soon forms purulent vesicles. Bursting, they turn into a grayish crust, which, after falling off, does not leave scars. Pyoderma requires mandatory treatment in order to avoid extensive suppuration and the development of severe conditions.
• Eczema. You can see the child has a rash on the face and neck, on the wrists, elbows and knees. Inflammation, puffiness joins, growth of weeping cracks is possible. Eczema often spreads to the eyelids, hands, feet. The child is nervous, often cries.

If the wounds are purulent, bleeding, and the rashes are multiplying, consult a doctor immediately.

Prickly heat

If the baby has sensitive skin, even sweat causes a short-term rash - it is called: prickly heat. Pale red rash, sometimes with vesicles, accompanied by itching. They are located in the groin, under the knees, on the buttocks, on the shoulders and neck - that is, in places where the sweat glands are most concentrated.

If you reduce sweating, respectively, the rash and itching will disappear. What do we have to do:

• bathe the child twice a day in warm water (no more than 34 ° C);
• keep the room cool;
• dress the baby in spacious and light clothes, preferably from natural fabrics;
• let the skin breathe (air baths).

Allergic reaction

An allergic rash in children appears due to immature immunity. Often it is accompanied by lacrimation and runny nose. Allergies can be of two types.

• Food. It appears on the limbs or on the stomach a day after using the “wrong” product.
• Contact. After contact with an aggressive environment or material (chlorinated water, detergents, unsuitable clothing, metal - usually nickel).

The characteristic pale pink small rash on the abdomen of a child quickly disappears after the elimination of the allergen. It is important to note what the reaction appeared to be, how strong its manifestations are and in what areas, how long it lasts. It is better to introduce new products gradually, one by one - then you can accurately determine what exactly caused the allergy.

With a food allergic reaction, abdominal pain and indigestion can occur. But if a child has a rash and fever, lethargy, vomiting and other warning signs join them - most likely, this is an infectious disease.

What if it's an infection?

A rash in children can indeed be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Many childhood infectious diseases occur with a rash, to which other striking symptoms are added. Here are some of these diseases. This chart can help you figure out what's going on before you even see your doctor.

Table - The nature of the rash and possible diseases

These are all childhood infections with rashes.

There are also fungal diseases that affect the skin, and rashes also appear with them. Here are the most common skin problems in children.

• Epidermophytosis. The disease occurs due to excessive sweating of the feet. Characteristic signs: swelling and redness between the fingers, severe itching. A rash occurs in a child on the legs, the bubbles form erosions that spread to the feet.
• Rubrophytia. The disease is also caused by the activity of the fungus. A small red rash in a child on the arms and legs is characteristic, sometimes bubbles appear that turn into erosion. The skin is flaky. A very bright sign is a grayish-brown color of the nails, under the nails there is keratosis (keratinization).

In what cases you need to urgently call a doctor

Be careful and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms.

• Fever joins, especially sudden (temperature over 40 ° C).
• The rash on the body of a child itches unbearably and spreads to the whole body.
• There is vomiting, headache.
• Confusion of consciousness and speech.
• Hemorrhages with uneven edges, in the form of stars (like varicose veins), without itching.
• Edema appears, breathing is difficult.

Before the doctor arrives, you can’t feed the baby, but drinking plenty of water is allowed, and if the temperature has risen above 38.5 ° C, give an antipyretic. It is good if the room is humid and cool. But the child needs to be dressed appropriately, preferably in something spacious, or covered with a soft blanket.

As you can see, skin rashes in children do not always pose a serious danger. But it is important to know the threatening symptoms and immediately seek professional help if they occur in order to avoid complications (and in the case of meningitis, a threat to a child's life!). Only after a diagnostic examination, taking tests, an experienced doctor will be able to prescribe adequate treatment. If necessary, he will involve other specialists in the research.

You need to call a pediatrician at home so that when going to the clinic the baby’s condition does not worsen (and in case of infection, so as not to infect others). Isolate the child from pregnant women until it is known for sure that he does not have rubella. And finally, do not refuse vaccination and follow the vaccination schedule. They, along with strengthening the immune system, will protect your child from many problems.

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Rashes in children differ in localization, color and shape. A sudden rash on a child's body can be a sign of an infectious disease. Perhaps the cause is allergic dermatitis. The localization of the rash depends on the place of contact with the irritating substance, the body's reaction to the infection and the action of physical factors (solar radiation, temperature).

The rash in different children in the case of the same diagnosis is significantly different. The appearance of outwardly similar elements is often due to completely different reasons. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the whole complex of signs: the location of the rash, shape, color, the presence of other symptoms.

Causes of rash in childhood:

• Viral infections that cause measles, rubella, chicken pox, shingles, herpes simplex, sudden exanthema.
• Fungal infection - ringworm, trichophytosis, microsporia, candidiasis.
• Bacterial infections - scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas.
• Allergic reactions to food, drugs, pollen.
• Autoimmune diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
• Diseases of the internal organs.
• Atopic dermatitis.
• Seborrheic dermatitis.
• Vitamin deficiency.
• Pink deprive.
• Toxoplasmosis.
• Toxidermia.

High fever, cough, vomiting, severe red or pink rash all over the body are symptoms of many infectious diseases.

Rash on different parts of the body in children - an overview

Redness on the face is observed in babies with tonsillitis, SARS. During treatment, a rash may occur due to an allergy to antipyretic or antibacterial drugs.

1. Redness, nodules and crusts on the cheeks and chin, on the eyelids - an allergic reaction to medicines or food.
2. Red dots, specks, vesicles, first on the face, then all over the body - infectious diseases.
3. Small and large spots, blisters, vesicles on the face, on the arm or on the pope - a reaction to the vaccine.
4. Red spots, papules on the arms below the elbow and on the legs below the knees - allergic dermatitis.
5. Bright dots and "stars" of red color are the consequences of influenza, SARS, occurring with a high temperature.
6. Papules and vesicles in the region of the armpits, on the chest - herpes zoster.
7. Nodular rashes and blisters between the fingers on the hands, on the wrist, in the navel - scabies.
8. Redness between the toes or hands, peeling on the feet and palms - skin fungus.
9. Multiple small rashes on the back of the baby's head, around the neck and in the folds of the body - miliaria.
10. Red vesicles on the baby's body - toxic erythema, pemphigus of newborns.
11. Dry rash on the forearms and thighs - follicular hyperkeratosis ("goosebumps").
12. Red spots, an unpleasant smell in the folds of the body - diaper rash, ringworm, candidiasis.
13. Plaques, peeling in the area of ​​the elbow and knee folds - eczema, psoriasis.
14. Elongated blisters on the arms, back, legs - mechanical urticaria.
15. Large red spots, blisters, crusts on the face and limbs - eczema.
16. Small spots, papules on the legs and arms - insect bites, dermatitis.

Ring-shaped spots, surrounded by a roller of vesicles and scales, with pink skin in the center, appear when infected with a fungal infection. Varieties of the disease - trichophytosis, microsporia. In the people, such lesions are usually called "ringworm". The rash is localized on the head, arms and legs. Spots of pink lichen are usually located on the sides of the body.

How to find out the probable cause of the disease by the type and color of the rash?

The areas of the baby's body that experience overheating are rubbed with a diaper and clothes, turn red, and become covered with a rash - prickly heat. Dots, spots and bumps appear more often on the hands as a result of an allergic reaction. A typical localization of rashes in eczema, seborrheic dermatitis is the face.

Spots and bubbles are formed as a result of infection with viruses. The pathogen goes through an incubation period in the body, so rashes form and then disappear after a certain period of time, characteristic of an infectious agent. A small rash on the body of a child with tonsillitis, influenza, SARS is secondary, rarely appears.

A white rash on the body of a child is formed as a result of hormonal changes, hypovitaminosis, excessive activity of the sebaceous glands. Pimples, "goosebumps" - the result of the accumulation of keratin in the hair follicles on the body. Hyperkeratosis is associated with the characteristics of the skin and metabolic disorders in the body.

The spectrum of possible causes of rashes in newborns is relatively small. A small, colorless rash in the form of nodules appears on the face of children in the first month after birth as a reaction to maternal hormones remaining in the body. Neonatal acne does not need treatment, it goes away on its own in a few days or weeks.

"Prickly heat" is called a red punctate rash on the body of a child in the first year of life in places of folds, friction with a diaper, underwear. Rashes during teething are accompanied by fever, anxiety, loss of appetite. The rash in such cases usually appears on the neck, is painted in bright colors.

Allergic dermatoses are characterized by the appearance of red spots, pink nodules and blisters. The skin itches, the child does not sleep well, loses appetite. Bright rashes in children under one year old are associated with improper introduction of complementary foods, the body's reaction to allergens in new foods.

Irritants can be a variety of substances, physical and climatic factors. Cases of the appearance of allergic rashes in babies who were treated with antibiotics have become more frequent. The skin of children visiting swimming pools reacts to increased concentrations of antiseptics in the water.

Rash in the form of spots

Roseola and small spots all over the body are formed in scarlet fever. This disease of a bacterial nature occurs against the background of fever, deterioration of the general condition. In recent decades, the number of cases has dropped dramatically due to preventive measures.

The formation of a small and large-spotted rash is characteristic of allergic dermatitis, eczema, ringworm and other types of lichen, photodermatitis. Children's skin is much more sensitive to high doses of UV radiation. After excessive exposure to the sun at sea, the baby develops erythema, small blisters appear on unprotected areas of the body.

It is necessary to gradually accustom the child's body to ultraviolet radiation, to sunbathe before and after noon.

Photodermatitis - hypersensitivity to UV - radiation. A kind of allergy manifests itself a few hours after exposure to the sun. Typical localization of the rash is the shoulders, forearms, back of the neck, arms and face.

Papular rashes

A colorless rash on the face and hands is characteristic of neurodermatitis, contact dermatitis. On the elbows and knees of a patient with psoriasis, the papules merge with each other and form plaques. Rashes with neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis occur due to a genetic predisposition to such a reaction of the body to stimuli. The affected skin becomes dry, reddened, and itchy.

Causes of neurodermatitis in children:

• reduced body resistance to infectious agents;
• toxins, including those secreted by worms;
• diseases of internal organs;
• metabolic disorders;
• the presence of foci of infection;
• medicinal substances;
• improper nutrition.

Violations at the level of the nervous system are connected. With a diffuse form of neurodermatitis, a rash appears on the hands, on the face. The disease is accompanied by increased fatigue, apathy. First of all, it is necessary to identify the irritating substance and protect the child from contact with it.

Parents who know how to treat allergies can apply their experience in the case of dermatitis in a child. Apply hormonal ointments ("Lokoid", "Gioksizon", "Sinaflan"). Combined corticosteroid + antibiotic preparations are used in case of infection of the affected area. The skin is healed with Bepanten ointment, Dexpanthenol cream. To soften and disinfect, baths are made with sea salt, healing clay. Lubricate the affected areas with tincture of calendula or mint. Antihistamines are taken orally.

Urticaria - a type of allergic dermatitis

The hallmark is a rash of raised blisters that tend to coalesce. In early childhood, urticaria or urticaria is acute, accompanied by excruciating skin itching, local fever, general malaise, weakness. Nettle skin-colored rash in a child suddenly appears on any part of the body, lasts from several hours to several days. In the case of Quincke's edema in the throat and mouth, the child needs immediate medical attention.

Causes of urticaria - polyethological dermatosis:

1. external influences (heat, cold, pressure);
2. influenza infection, pharyngitis, otitis media;
3. preservatives and dyes in products;
4. helminths, protozoal infection;
5. medicines;
6. physical exercise;
7. food products;
8. insect bites;
9. overheating, cold;
10. stress.

Urticaria is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. The skin reaction to irritants is manifested in response to mechanical effects on the skin (friction, pressure, combing insect bites). This form of the disease is called "mechanical urticaria".

A rare form of urticaria - cholinergic - is manifested by hyperemia of the skin of the face, neck, and chest. Redness is observed in just a few minutes or within an hour after bathing in hot water, increased sweating, physical and emotional stress. The child feels severe itching of the skin. A pale rash is formed, consisting of blisters of various shapes. Usually, when examining a patient, an allergen is not detected. The provoking factor for the development of the cholinergic form is the mediator acetylcholine, produced by the body itself.

Urticaria treatment

If a child has a rash, then antihistamines are given. Cooling gels, anti-allergic ointments are applied externally. Dermatologists recommend combining an oral antihistamine with an external cream or gel with the same active ingredient. Parents fear that such treatment will cause drowsiness in the child, reduce academic performance. Antihistamines "Fenistil", "Claritin", "Erius", "Zirtek" almost do not have a sedative effect, are better tolerated.

Histamine is released by mast cells in the blood and tissues to help the immune system defend the body against pathogens and toxins. However, in some people, allergies lead to an overreaction to harmless substances. Antihistamines block histamine receptors, prevent or reduce itching, swelling, redness of the skin, and watery eyes.

The most effective antihistamines to eliminate the rash in the acute form of urticaria. With chronic urticaria, such drugs help only 50% of patients.

Corticosteroid ointments have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Externally, the preparations "Fenistil-gel", creams and ointments "Elokom", "Lokoid", "Advantan", "Sinaflan", "Flutsinar" are used. Children are given to drink entersorbents, for example, Enteros-gel or Laktofiltrum. Inside, they also take dietary supplements with lacto- and bifidobacteria.

1. Outwardly: warm baths and baths, lotions with baking soda, infusions of string, sage, chamomile.
2. Inside: tea drinks with blackcurrant leaves, garden raspberries, rose hips, infusion of licorice root, nettle, fresh juice of carrots, beets.

It is necessary to treat the rash and remove potential allergens from the child's environment. Household dust, fungi, dry fish food belong to this group. Citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, whole milk, white bread and confectionery are excluded from the patient's diet.

eczema treatment

The translation of the name of the disease from ancient Greek sounds very simple - “skin rashes”. Infantile eczema or atopic dermatitis appears before 6 months of age. On the cheeks of the child, dense red spots form that do not have clear boundaries. The disease is manifested by itching, inflammation and dry skin on the face, on the wrists, under the knees.

Redness, vesicles, crusts, cracks of the skin are observed in all types of eczema.

The acute phase in the idiopathic form of the disease is manifested by the formation of many bubbles. They open, weeping begins, after which crusts and spots remain. Typical localization of true eczema is the face, hands, forearms, feet and knees. Rashes appear on the body symmetrically.

Idiopathic, true eczema is the same as weeping lichen, chronic itchy dermatosis. A rough rash on the body of a one-year-old child is located on the face, arms and legs, on the chest and buttocks. There are such stages of the eczematous process as erythema, vesicles, erosion, crusts.

The reasons:

• allergies to substances in food, mites, dust, mold, climate change;
• diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system;
• hereditary predisposition;
• stress, psycho-emotional trauma.

With the transition of the disease to a chronic course, the skin thickens and flakes. The symptoms are exacerbated in an unsuitable climate for the child, with excessive dryness of the air. The influence of constant or seasonal action of allergens is noted.

Therapeutic methods and means:

1. Antihistamines that relieve itching and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.
2. Resorcinol solution for cooling and astringent lotions.
3. Antiallergic ointments, antiseptic solutions.
4. Valerian tincture and other sedatives.
5. Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of the allergen.
6. Diuretics by mouth to reduce swelling.
7. Hormonal ointments (GCS).
8. Physiotherapy.

Corticosteroids for external use have an anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effect. GCS are part of the Lokoid, Dermozolon, Fluorocort and Sikorten ointments. Combined products contain GCS and an antibiotic, they are used for microbial eczema. The ointments "Cortomycetin", "Gyoksizon" belong to this group.

Rash in the form of ulcers

Diseases of a viral nature are often accompanied by stomatitis and a rash on the body of a child, especially a small one. Vezilovirus - the causative agent of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis - is able to affect the skin of the whole body, nasal mucosa, oropharynx. The source of infection is sick people, the carriers are insects.

After the incubation period, flu-like symptoms occur, body temperature rises. A watery ulcerative rash appears on the inner surface of the lips, on the cheeks. Also, vesicles can form on the child's body. Treatment of the affected mucosa in the mouth is carried out with Kamistad gel, Lugol's solution. Preparations "Miramistin", "Cholisal" are applied in accordance with the instructions in the package.

Itching and inflammation disappear after ingestion of antihistamines with the active ingredients loratadine, cetirizine, desloratadine. Vesicles on the body and in the mouth can be treated with hydrogen peroxide. Give the child a solution of furacilin, tincture of calendula diluted with water, chamomile tea for rinsing the mouth.

Usually a rash on the body of a child causes a lot of anxiety in parents. Indeed, a frequent symptom of various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However, timely treatment of skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the whole body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced, and recovery is faster

On the head

The rash worries babies in different parts of the body.

• On the back of the head, small pink dots most often indicate overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant vesicles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate an infection with scabies.
• Inflammation in the cheeks, and on the beard, speak of an allergy to food or medicine.
• If a rash in a child has formed on the eyelids, it means that unsuitable hygiene products have been selected for the child. If the rash on the eyelids looks like scales or crusts, dermatitis is likely to develop.

around the neck

On hands and wrists

In the abdomen

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red vesicles occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which passes on its own. The area of ​​the abdomen, and the area of ​​the hips, most often suffers from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear, and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are characteristic of exfoliating dermatitis.

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed, erysipelas appear in the abdomen. Do not forget about the permissible small rash from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on the hips of a child usually appear from poor hygiene. Often the baby just sweats in his diapers, suffers from poor-quality clothes. As a result, sweating appears. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inside of the thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes speak of diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A rash in the groin is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, bacteria multiply in them. Prickly heat in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby can develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the pope has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. A rare change of diapers, violation of hygiene rules lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory process. The area of ​​the priests can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, from prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby really suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or trauma to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky spots, itching and causing swelling of the foot. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates an infection. If the child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with the metabolism or the work of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby's sebaceous glands are too active. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal disruptions in the child's body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

The nature of the rash

If you look closely at a baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettles

A rash resembling nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, strong physical exertion. The rash at the same time resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to malnutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates violations in the menu of a nursing mother. Mosquito bites - talk about the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in the disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play an important role. Rashes that look like spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

A rough rash is most often caused by eczema. In this case, the back of the hands and face suffer. The cause of rough rashes, resembling sandpaper, sometimes becomes keratosis - one of the forms of allergies. Small pimples at the same time affect the back and side of the arms, but sometimes there is inflammation of the inner side of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby's body as a result of hives (see: hives in children), prickly heat, pemphigus. Among infectious diseases, rashes with vesicles are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

Under skin color

Flesh-colored lesions on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color is indicative of eczema, psoriasis, or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

With angina

Often, observing the baby's primary signs of a sore throat (fever and cough), after a certain time, parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease is likely against the background of a weakened immune system. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that the baby in the process of treating angina often has an allergy to antibiotics.

With SARS

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of SARS has similar causes. The child is able to have intolerance to the components of drugs or an allergy to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for SARS.

From chickenpox

From chicken pox, babies develop spots with itching, almost immediately becoming large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes covered with a crust.

The answer to the question of how long the rashes completely disappear depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days is enough.

With the development of measles

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The measles rash appears first on the head, and then passes to the trunk and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble the common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does the rash disappear? As a rule, the skin is restored on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. Especially a lot of small rash in the area of ​​the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin forms in various forms. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, on the sides of the body.

When to Call a Doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• The rash appears all over the body and there is unbearable itching.
• Headache, vomiting and confusion in the baby begin.
• The rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.
• There are swelling and difficulty in breathing.

What absolutely cannot be done

• Self-squeeze pustules.
• Rip or burst bubbles.
• Scratch rashes.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (make it difficult to diagnose).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it will not be superfluous to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect the child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everyone is individual!). Now there are already vaccinations against meningitis and rashes on its soil. Learn more from your doctor.
2. The correct introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach the child to a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of an allergic rash.
3. If you suspect that your baby has caught an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Summing up

• An important role in determining the cause of the rash is played by its localization. The areas of the body most in contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and prickly heat. The baby's face is often covered with a rash from allergies. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small spots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, and a rough one indicates disorders in the child's body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor that causes reddening of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like SARS and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the daily routine of the child, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If the rash in a child is accompanied by cough, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. In this case, the whole body is covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbacteriosis.

1. If the rash has become a cause of concern for a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing by themselves. In children under one year old, a small rash is most often caused by prickly heat due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with an allergy to new foods.
2. When the rash appears after the sun, they talk about the presence of photodermatosis in the baby. Solar allergy is accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and abscesses. On the extremities, on the face and chest, the rash is usually rough. Crusts, scales, bubbles are formed.
3. Allergic reactions in a child's body can manifest themselves in a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of the kids due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can also form after a course of antibiotics for angina. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear after a month.
4. A small bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rash is accompanied by a slight temperature and a weakening of the immune system due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, a rash from teething is localized on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies does not differ in constancy (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes allergies or dermatitis, is carried out periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and reappears with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If the baby shows signs of allergies after the pool, choose another institution where the water is not treated with chlorine.