Antihistamines. Allergy Pills: Antihistamines Safe During Pregnancy How Antihistamines Work

According to statistics, more than 20% of the world's population suffer from various allergic reactions. An ordinary person does not particularly pay attention to an allergy if it does not cause severe inconvenience or a threat to life. Everything is different when it comes to a pregnant woman. In this case, the question automatically arises - how do pregnant women tolerate allergies and how does it affect the health of the child in the future, which antihistamines during pregnancy will not harm the health of a woman and her child?

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Immunologists around the world are talking about the danger, the simplest, at first glance, allergies, daily taking away human lives. It's all about the microorganisms living inside a person. In the risk zone, first of all, include people with a weakened immune system: small children, people with chronic diseases and pregnant women.

A complete medical examination and consultation is the main step in the treatment of allergic diseases in pregnant women. To get rid of an allergy, it is necessary to find out the cause of its occurrence - the allergen, contact with which became the causative agent of the reaction. In this case, it is very important to understand, after which an allergy occurs, perhaps it is certain foods, animal hair or cosmetics. After the cause of the allergy is established, the doctor will be able to prescribe treatment, taking into account the interesting position of the woman.

Doctors prescribe only high-quality and proven drugs that will be safe for both the mother and the child. Self-medication is not the best option during pregnancy, as many popular drugs are categorically contraindicated for pregnant women.

It is worth remembering that taking antiallergic drugs during pregnancy is allowed only under constant medical supervision in order to eliminate the risk of adverse effects on the child.

Preventive measures to avoid allergic reactions during pregnancy are very simple - avoid contact with possible allergens. The prevention plan looks like this:

• Remove all flowering plants from the room and limit contact with pollen (do not smell the flowers).
• Constantly ventilate the room and put mosquito nets on the windows.
• It is necessary to completely exclude contact with household chemicals. If there is an urgent need to use it, it is worth putting gloves on your hands and putting on a gauze bandage so as not to inhale chemical fumes.
• Less contact with pets.
• Get rid of bad habits. Smoking during pregnancy can cause severe swelling of the nasopharynx.
• Try to give up visiting beauty salons, hair coloring and nail extensions.
• Anxiety and stress can also be an impetus for the development of allergies. Surround yourself with positive emotions.

Important! During pregnancy, it is necessary to regularly do wet cleaning of the premises, because dust is the main carrier of allergens and contributes to the development of respiratory diseases.

Are antihistamines different in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

The first trimester is a milestone in the formation of the fetus. That is why taking antihistamines during pregnancy in the first trimester is contraindicated. An exception may be only those cases when the allergy poses a threat to the life and health of the mother.

The second trimester does not have serious restrictions, unlike the first. In this period of gestation, doctors prescribe allergy medications such as Zirtek, Telfast, Loratadin, Levocetirizine. The second trimester is a surge in the sensitivity of the body of a pregnant woman. It is during this period that severe allergic reactions can occur.

The third trimester is characterized by a decrease in allergic manifestations, due to the dulling of the sensitivity of the receptors. It is easier for women to endure all the symptoms of an allergy. In the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, such antihistamines are recommended: Parlazin, Cetirizine, Azelastine.

It is worth remembering that each organism is individual. Of course, there is a general gradation of antihistamines according to trimesters, but all drugs are prescribed exclusively individually, taking into account all the features of complications and risk factors.

There are three main groups of antihistamines. All of them have the same principle of action and differ only in the features of the effect on the receptors of the body. Histamine is a substance that provokes allergies, secreted by special receptors of three types. Antihistamines are drugs that reduce the sensitivity of receptors, suppressing the allergic manifestation. This is a very complex adaptive procedure of the human body, so taking such drugs during the gestation period should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. Among the antihistamines that can be used during pregnancy:

Used in the treatment of rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, itching. The daily dose of the drug for adults is 10 mg. You can take one 10 mg tablet at bedtime or 2 x 5 mg tablets twice with meals. The active substance - cetirizine, does not cause any severe side effects, after taking there is no sedative effect.

• Parlazin

The active substance, like the first drug, is cetirizine. But there are also auxiliary substances, such as glycerol, sodium saccharinate, sodium acetate, acetic acid. Indications for use will be diseases such as rhinitis, infectious or allergic conjunctivitis, dermatosis, urticaria, fifth edema. Adults and pregnant women take 10 mg (1 tablet) once daily at bedtime.

• Zyrtec

The generic name of the drug is cytirizine (active ingredient). Additional substances in the composition: cellulose, lactose, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, magnesium stearate. It is thanks to its additional composition that Zirtek is recommended to be taken by pregnant women for allergies. The daily dose of the drug for an adult is 1 tablet (10 mg) or 10 drops.

• Telfast

The drug contains fexofenadine hydrochloride. The additional composition is almost identical to the Zyrtec preparation. For adults, the daily dose is 1 tablet (120 mg), regardless of the meal. It is very important to stick to the same time when using.

Prohibited When taking antihistamines during pregnancy

It is very difficult to answer the question: which antihistamines are prohibited during pregnancy, since they all have a certain number of contraindications. A number of prohibited antihistamines during pregnancy include:

• Suprastin

This remedy can be prescribed only in cases of a serious threat to the life of the mother, with Quincke's edema or inflammatory rhinitis. It's all about the active substance of the drug - chloropyriamine hydrochloride. This is an active substance that can cause involuntary uterine contractions, which leads to premature birth. In the early stages of pregnancy, taking Suprastin can cause a miscarriage.

The main contraindication during pregnancy is a powerful sedative effect that occurs after administration. The drug affects the central nervous system of a pregnant woman, dulling not only the receptors, but also all tactile sensations. With a one-time use, nothing bad will happen, but if you take the medicine systematically, the metabolic processes will be disrupted, and the child will not be able to get all the nutrients necessary for development.

With increased sensitivity to the components that make up the drug, dizziness, vomiting, fainting may occur. In pregnant women, nervousness increases, convulsions appear, sleep is disturbed, in rare cases a person experiences anaphylactic shock.

• Astemizol

This substance has a very wide range of interactions with food and other medicines. That is why its use during pregnancy is highly undesirable. Manufacturers themselves indicate pregnancy as a contraindication to the use of the drug.

Remember! The simplest allergy can cause serious health complications, especially for a pregnant woman. The treatment of allergic diseases has an individual character, so you should not self-medicate, you need to undergo a full medical examination, after which the doctor will be able to prescribe an effective treatment.

How to deal with allergies during pregnancy will tell the doctor in the video:

There are several reasons for this. Among them are the hormonal restructuring of the body, and the reaction to the tissues and waste products of the fetus, and the seasonal factor also joins.

Fearing harmful effects on the fetus, women try to avoid taking extra pills. But at the same time, they experience discomfort from allergies: shortness of breath or itching interfere with proper rest and relaxation. What pills can be taken during pregnancy?

Allergies are faced by a huge number of people. Men and women of any age are ill, children are highly susceptible to allergic reactions. Therefore, research in this area and the development of new drugs is very active.

Allergy medications that require multiple doses and cause drowsiness are being replaced by new generation formulas - with prolonged action and a minimum of side effects.

Vitamin preparations for allergies

Do not forget that not only antihistamines can help, but also some vitamins. And pregnant women usually have a more trusting attitude towards them.

• vitamin C can effectively prevent anaphylactic reactions and reduce the incidence of respiratory allergies;
• vitamin B12 is recognized as a powerful natural antihistamine, helps in the treatment of dermatosis and asthma;
• pantothenic acid (vit. B5) will help in the fight against seasonal allergic rhinitis and a reaction to household dust;
• Nicotinamide (Vit. PP) relieves attacks of spring allergy to plant pollen.

Traditional antihistamines: allergy pills

Newly emerging drugs are effective and do not cause drowsiness. However, many doctors are trying to prescribe more traditional remedies for pregnant women.

For drugs that have been on the market for 15-20 or more years, enough statistical data has been collected to talk about their safety or negative impact on the health of the fetus.

Suprastin

The drug has been known for a long time, it is effective for various manifestations of allergies, it is allowed for both adults and children, and therefore it is also allowed for use during pregnancy.

In the first trimester, when the fetal organs are forming, this and other drugs should be taken with extreme caution, only in case of emergency. In the rest of the period, suprastin is allowed.

Advantages of the drug:

• low price;
• speed;
• effectiveness in various types of allergies.

Flaws:

• causes drowsiness (for this reason, it is prescribed with caution in the last weeks before childbirth);
• causes dry mouth (and sometimes mucous eyes).

Diazolin

This drug does not have such speed as suprastin, but effectively relieves the manifestation of chronic allergic reactions.

It does not cause drowsiness, therefore, there are restrictions in the appointment only in the first 2 months of pregnancy, in the rest of the period the medicine is approved for use.

Advantages of the drug:

• affordable price;
• a wide range of activities.

Flaws:

• short-term effect (requires taking 3 times a day).

cetirizine

Refers to the new generation of drugs. It can be produced under different names: Cetirizine, Zodak, Allertec, Zyrtec, etc. According to the instructions, cetirizine is prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation.

Due to the novelty of the drug, there is not enough data on its safety. But, nevertheless, it is prescribed to pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester in situations where the benefits of taking it significantly outweigh the risk of side effects.

Advantages of the drug:

• a wide range of activities;
• speed;
• does not cause drowsiness (except for individual reactions);
• reception 1 time per day

Flaws:

• price (depending on the manufacturer);

Claritin

The active substance is loratadine. The drug can be produced under different names: Loratadin, Claritin, Clarotadin, Lomilan, Lotharen, etc.

The same as that of cetirizine, the effect of loratadine on the fetus has not yet been sufficiently studied due to the novelty of the drug.

But studies conducted in America on animals have shown that the use of loratadine or cetirizine does not increase the number of pathologies in the development of the fetus.

Advantages of the drug:

• a wide range of activities;
• speed;
• does not cause drowsiness;
• reception 1 time per day;
• affordable price.

Flaws:

• used with caution during pregnancy.

Feksadin

Refers to the new generation of drugs. It is produced in various countries under a different name: Feksadin, Telfast, Fexofast, Allegra, Telfadin. You can also meet the Russian analogue - Gifast.

In studies on pregnant animals, fexadine showed the presence of side effects with long-term use at high doses (increased mortality due to low fetal weight).

However, no such dependence was found when administered to pregnant women.

During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed for a limited period and only in case of ineffectiveness of other medicines.

Advantages of the drug:

• wide spectrum of action
• performance
• reception 1 time per day.

Flaws:

• with caution is prescribed during pregnancy;
• effectiveness decreases with prolonged use.

The drug in the form of capsules is currently not available on the Russian market. In pharmacies there are drops for oral administration and gels for external use.

The drug is approved for use in infants, and therefore is often prescribed for pregnant women.

Gel for local treatment can be used without fear, it is practically not absorbed, does not enter the bloodstream. Fenistil is a part of antiherpetic emulsions.

Advantages of the drug:

• safe even for babies;
• average price range.

Flaws:

• not a very wide spectrum of action;
• limited release forms;
• side reactions are possible.

These drugs differ in price and form of release (tablets for daily use, injections for emergency cases, gels and ointments for topical use, drops and syrups for children)

Antihistamines with fetal side effects

Previously used antihistamines had a significant sedative effect, some also have a muscle relaxant effect. In some cases, it was useful in the treatment of allergies and even, but the effect on the fetus can be extremely negative.

Antihistamines are not prescribed before childbirth to keep the newborn active.

It will be difficult for a lethargic and “sleepy” child to take his first breath, this threatens with aspiration, possible pneumonia in the future.

The intrauterine effect of these drugs can manifest as fetal malnutrition, which will also affect the activity of the newborn baby.

• Diphenhydramine

can cause premature contractions

• Tavegil

has a negative effect on fetal development

• Pipolfen

• Astemizol (Histalong)

affects liver function, heart rate, has a toxic effect on the fetus

In order to avoid harmful effects on the fetus, antihistamines are not recommended for pregnant women during the first trimester. During this crucial period, when all the organs of the unborn child are being formed, the placenta has not yet been formed and substances entering the mother's blood can affect the health of the fetus.

Medicines during this period are used only in case of a threat to the life of the mother. In the second and third trimester, the risk is less, so the list of acceptable drugs can be expanded.

However, in any case, preference is given to local and symptomatic treatment, antihistamine tablets are prescribed in small doses and for a limited period.

During 9 months of bearing a baby, the female body is not only a cozy "house" for the crumbs, but also its reliable protection from all external influences.

The appearance of an allergic reaction is an unpleasant phenomenon, but quite common. Modern medicine has learned how to effectively and safely stop almost all manifestations of atopy. Despite the natural protection of the pregnant body from allergic reactions - with the onset of the waiting period for the baby, the production of cortisol, which has an antiallergic effect, increases - cases of intolerance to any elements and the presence of an atypical reaction to them still occur. With the appearance (or exacerbation) of such a reaction in a woman in a position, one should be especially careful, since another tiny developing organism is inextricably linked with the expectant mother. In addition, many antihistamines are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Antihistamines during pregnancy. pregnancy and allergies

And although huge changes occur in the body of a woman with the onset of the period of bearing a peanut, the expectant mother does not always receive an unpleasant gift in the form of an allergy. If there is a predisposition to this disease, with the onset of the waiting period for the peanut, several scenarios are possible:

• A new life - a baby in the mother's womb - does not affect the course of an allergy in any way. If a woman knows that certain products of the world around her (cosmetics, household chemicals, some food products, etc.) cause her an atypical reaction, then she simply needs to avoid contact with them.
• During pregnancy, the intensity of allergic manifestations decreases. In some cases, an increase in the level of the hormone cortisol leads to the fact that the allergy "recedes".
• Carrying a baby is accompanied by an increase in allergies. The increased load experienced by the body of a pregnant woman, in some cases, leads to an increase and exacerbation of diseases that were present even before the birth of a new life in the female womb. One such disease is bronchial asthma.

Triggering an allergic reaction

Why, in some cases, atopy is not long in coming, while other pregnant women do not even know what an allergy is? What triggers an allergic reaction?

• The appearance of an allergen. An allergic reaction to something occurs as a result of contact with a provocateur component. The role of the latter can be either flower pollen, animal hair or insect venom, or a cosmetic or food product. Interaction with an allergen provocateur triggers a reaction, which results in an allergic response.
• Repeated "meeting" with the allergen. It is no secret that acute atypical reactions (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema) occur almost immediately and after the first contact with the allergen. As for other manifestations of atopy, there is an accumulation effect, when, after a repeated encounter with an irritant, the production of antibodies begins and a response is formed.
• Effect of antibodies on mast cells. As a result of the interaction of antibodies and mast cells, their contents are released from the latter, incl. histamine. It is he who is responsible for the appearance of a rash, lacrimation, edema, hyperemia and other "companions" of allergies.

Allergy symptoms during pregnancy

Depending on the causes that caused the allergic reaction, the following manifestations of atopy are possible:

• Rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent and common manifestation of allergies in expectant mothers. It is not seasonal and can occur from the first weeks of gestation. At the same time, congestion appears in the area of ​​​​the nasal passages, swelling of the nasal mucosa, there is a discharge of a watery mucous secretion, a burning sensation in the larynx may appear.
• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye - conjunctivitis. This manifestation of allergy in most cases is combined with a runny nose. There is swelling, hyperemia (redness), itching in the eyes and eyelids, lacrimation.
• Urticaria - rashes on the skin in the form of blisters, accompanied by severe itching.
• Symptoms of bronchial asthma.
• In more severe cases - anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, which can lead to suffocation, extensive urticaria.

Manifestations of allergies can not only cause discomfort to a pregnant woman, but also pose a threat to the child in her womb, as there is a risk of oxygen starvation. Taking antihistamines during pregnancy is aimed at alleviating the manifestations of atopy, reducing the discomfort that they cause to a woman in position, and normalizing her condition as a whole.

Therapy for allergies

To effectively combat allergies and its manifestations, an integrated approach is needed. It should include not only taking medications (if necessary), but also measures to prevent recurrence of the disease. The latter include nutritional correction, if atopy is caused by food, minimizing, or better, completely eliminating contact with an allergen - dust, animal hair, pollen, chemicals, cosmetic products. The greatest number of questions and concerns in women is the use of antihistamines during pregnancy. Therefore, to eliminate atopy, it is necessary to combine medication with folk methods to alleviate allergic reactions.

Antihistamines during pregnancy

When an allergy occurs in women in a position, drug therapy is prescribed especially carefully. The doctor assesses the severity of intoxication and determines the need for medical correction, because it is important not only to alleviate the condition of the expectant mother, but also not to harm the baby in her womb. What antihistamines can be used during pregnancy, and which therapy should be categorically abandoned even without regard to the waiting time for the baby?

Types of antihistamines

The development of anti-allergic drugs has been going on for many years, and with each new generation of drugs, pharmacologists are striving to increasingly reduce the level of toxicity of drugs, as well as to ensure the selective effect of their active components. What antihistamines can be used by women during pregnancy? There are 3 generations of antihistamines:

• 1 generation. Medicines of this group have the most extensive effect, therefore, not only block histamine receptors, but also affect the work of other body systems. Many of them have a sedative effect - cause a feeling of drowsiness, reduce the reaction. Among the side effects, dry mucous membranes are noted, there is a risk of developing heart defects on the part of the child. Medicines of this group - Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Pipolfen (Diprazine), Tavegil, Diazolin, Zirtek, Allergodil.
• 2 generation. Medicines of this group, like their predecessors, are also not particularly popular, since, to varying degrees, they have a cardiotoxic effect. The difference is the absence of an inhibitory effect on the woman's nervous system. Among the drugs in this group, Claritin, Fenistil, Astemizol can be distinguished.
• 3rd generation. This category of drugs includes the most modern drugs that do not have either a sedative or cardiotoxic effect. However, even these drugs cannot be guaranteed safe for a pregnant woman and her baby. The drugs in this group include Desloratadine (Telfast, Eden, Erius), Feksadin.

The work of antiallergic drugs is directed in two main directions - the neutralization of histamine and the reduction of its production.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 1st trimester

As you know, the first weeks of bearing the crumbs are especially important, since it is during this period that the formation of the future person takes place. That is why even the most seemingly small interventions can have negative consequences. Relief of allergic manifestations during this period occurs without the participation of pharmacological products. The exception is extremely severe cases that threaten the life of a woman or her baby. Therapy is prescribed strictly by a doctor and is carried out under medical supervision.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 2nd trimester

Having stepped into the second trimester, thanks to the formed placental barrier, the baby becomes more protected from external influences, including the influence of drugs that his mother is forced to take. However, most antihistamines that can alleviate allergic manifestations, including during pregnancy, penetrate the systemic circulation to a greater or lesser extent. During this period, medical correction of the condition is allowed, but carefully and strictly according to indications.

Antihistamines during pregnancy 3rd trimester

Despite the proximity of the birth of a peanut, the danger to the baby from the components of anti-allergic medicines still exists. If the woman's condition requires intervention, the doctor can prescribe the most benign drugs, taking into account the woman's situation. Before giving birth, taking antiallergic drugs should be stopped, as their action can suppress the work of the baby's respiratory center.

What antihistamines are allowed during pregnancy

The intervention of medicinal antiallergic drugs during the first weeks of gestation is highly undesirable. But already in the second and third trimesters, depending on the clinical manifestations, the doctor may prescribe a medical correction of allergic manifestations.

• Suprastin. Not recommended for use in the first and third trimesters.
• Zyrtec. The drug may be the choice of the doctor, as animal studies have not shown negative effects as a result of the use of the drug. Positioned women did not participate in the studies.
• Cromolyn sodium will relieve the condition of bronchial asthma. The drug is not recommended for use in the first 12 weeks of gestation.
• Eden (Erius), Karitin and Telfast. The negative effect of the components of these medicines on the health of the mother and her child has not been proven, studies have not been conducted. Drugs can be prescribed strictly for health reasons.
• Diazolin. It is acceptable to use the medication in the third trimester.

Some vitamins will also help reduce some manifestations of atopy:

• Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). Helps to cope with allergic rhinitis.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Reduces the susceptibility of the female body to respiratory manifestations of allergies.
• Vitamin PP (nicotinamide). Reduces manifestations of an atypical reaction of the body to plant pollen.

It should also be taken into account that the antiallergic drugs themselves can provoke atopy.

Antihistamines prohibited for use by pregnant women

A number of anti-allergic drugs are strictly prohibited for use by women in the position, regardless of the gestational age.

• Tavegil. The medicine is categorically contraindicated, since experimental testing on animals has shown the development of pathologies.
• Dimedrol. The medication is prohibited even in the later stages of waiting for the little one, as it can increase the uterine tone. As a result, the pregnancy may end prematurely.
• Astemizol. The drug is contraindicated for use, as it has a toxic effect on the fetus (studies were conducted on animals).
• Pipolfen. The drug is prohibited for use during the entire period of pregnancy.
• Terfenadine. As a result of taking this remedy, the baby may lag behind in weight.
• Feksadin. Use by pregnant women is prohibited.

Prevention of allergies during pregnancy

A few simple rules will help prevent the appearance of atopy:

• Eliminate stress, try to devote sufficient time to walking, rest and relaxation.
• If you have not yet acquired a pet, postpone this issue until the birth of the little one. If you already have a pet, it is better to give it to relatives or friends for a while.
• Follow a hypoallergenic diet. Watch what you eat and do not overdo it with allergenic foods (milk, honey, chocolate, citrus fruits, bright fruits and vegetables (eg strawberries, beets, eggs).
• Perform regular wet cleaning and change of bed linen.
• For the flowering period of "allergic" plants, it is advisable to leave, be careful about the indoor garden.

In the presence of skin manifestations of allergies, various talkers, ointments and decoctions prepared from the gifts of nature are of good help. Chamomile, calendula, celandine, nettle, succession, clay have proven themselves well.

Unfortunately, if preventive and alternative methods do not bring long-awaited relief, taking antihistamines during pregnancy cannot be avoided. A consultation with a doctor and a competent risk assessment will allow you to choose the best therapy.

It has been proven that during pregnancy, a woman's body produces an increased level of cortisol, which has anti-allergic activity. Thus, pregnant women are less likely to suffer from manifestations, however, this is not always the case.

information In everyday life, antihistamines come to the rescue in the fight against allergies. There are a lot of them and all of them are freely dispensed without a prescription through the pharmacy network. And if at first glance, allergies seem like a simple disease that has a simple treatment, then this is far from the case.

With any disease, it is especially difficult for pregnant women, since very few drugs are allowed to be used during this period, most drugs are not safe. This also applies to antihistamines.

Allergies during pregnancy and antihistamines

There are several generations of antihistamine drugs. Each new generation is more perfect than the previous one: the number and strength of side effects decreases, the likelihood of addiction decreases, the duration of the drug increases.

First generation appeared in 1936 and is still widely used in medicine. These include (most famous):

• Chloropyramine, or Suprastin. It is prescribed for pregnant women in the treatment of acute allergic conditions, although the annotation says that use during pregnancy is contraindicated. It can be used during and when the likely benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus;
• Clemastine, or Tavegil. Pregnant women can use it only for health reasons (when it is not possible to use another drug), this is due to the registration of cases of negative effects on the offspring of pregnant rats (heart defects, limb defects);
• Promethazine, or Pipolfen. Not recommended for use during pregnancy;
• Dimedrol. With extreme caution from the second trimester. May cause increased excitability of the uterus.

Second generation:

• Loratodin, or Claritin. Its use is allowed with an adequate risk-benefit assessment;
• Astemizol. Not recommended during pregnancy, because. has a toxic effect on the fetus;
• Azelastine . In trials of the drug when using doses that are many times higher than therapeutic, no teratogenic effect on the fetus has been identified. And despite this, the drug is not recommended for use in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Third generation:

• Cetirizine, or Parlazin, or Zyrtec. Pregnancy is not an absolute contraindication. In the conducted studies of the drug Cetirizine on animals, no carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on their offspring were registered. Yet concerns about its use remain the same;
• Fexofenadine or Telfast. Can only be used as directed by a doctor.

As follows from the above, none of the antihistamines guarantees you complete safety for the unborn child and peace of mind for you. You can take any drug only after consulting a doctor and under his strict control.

This is not the first time that the World Health Organization brings to the attention of the public its completely disappointing forecasts: the 21st century will inevitably become the century of allergies, since in recent decades it is allergic diseases, including and, that have been spreading around the world at an incredible speed, while affecting both pregnant women and children .

Medical statistics confirm that today at least 20% of the world's population suffers from a variety of allergic reactions, and allergic reactions develop most actively in industrialized countries with a high per capita income.

For example, 25% of people in Germany and at least 17% of people in the United States suffer from allergic diseases. Researchers note that allergies are more common in large cities and especially in metropolitan areas. Of particular concern is the fact that at least a third of children in European countries are prone to allergic reactions, and WHO data allow us to draw a disappointing conclusion that at least 10% of children worldwide suffer from asthma.

A natural question arises - how can pregnant women resist allergies, for whom this problem also becomes a problem for the health of the unborn child. What antihistamine, that is, antiallergic, agents can be used during the bearing of a baby without worrying about his health?

First of all, every expectant mother should know what an allergic reaction is in order to recognize it in time and take the necessary adequate measures.

So, it is customary to call an allergy an atypical immune response, that is, an atypical reaction of the immune system of any person to any substances that have always been considered familiar and harmless, and now cause a painful reaction of the body.

Attention! Almost anything can cause allergies: any food, cooked food, furniture, many fabrics, any substances of chemical origin, animals, plants, books, house dust, latex ...

Attention! Since numerous hormonal changes occur in the body of a pregnant woman, the usual immune response to an allergic stimulus in a pregnant woman can change, both in one direction and in the other.

It is very important for a pregnant woman to remember that allergic reactions can occur in completely different organs and body systems.

A very common and most common allergic reaction is a respiratory allergic reaction, when the organs of the respiratory system, especially the lungs and the nasal cavity, are affected and affected (cough and runny nose of varying intensity appear, the so-called allergic rhinitis).

Attention! is diagnosed in 20-25% of the population of all countries of the world, while maintaining a steady upward trend in this disease (over the past 25 years, the number of patients has increased by about three times).

Often you can encounter a so-called skin allergic reaction when the skin is affected - there is a feeling of satiety, redness, peeling of the skin, itching and other symptoms.

Another common type of allergy is ophthalmic allergy, which is provoked by the ingestion of any allergen substance into the eyes.

Attention! To successfully combat allergic reactions, it is first necessary to identify the allergen and / or allergens in order to reduce or even stop contact with this substance. It is especially important to identify the allergen substance for pregnant women in order to exclude unwanted contacts as early as possible.

Researchers and doctors believe that the increase in allergic diseases, including in expectant mothers, noted in recent decades, is caused by a general deterioration in the environment, the intensive development of all types of industrial production and environmental pollution, more frequent cases of acute stress and chronic stress conditions, increased lack of control the use of drugs, the almost universal use of chemicals for cleaning and disinfection, the increase in the number of synthetic products, the abuse of cosmetics.

Medicines for the treatment of allergic reactions in pregnant women

Attention! Every pregnant woman should remember that any manifestation of an allergic reaction is a very serious symptom, because allergy is a serious disease that can cause headaches, insomnia, stress and other extremely negative symptoms.

If any allergy symptoms appear, even if they seem minor, the pregnant woman should immediately report this to her doctor and / or consult an allergist. Such treatment cannot be postponed, since it is not known which toxic reactions can adversely affect the fetus and its development.

Attention! There is evidence that the body of a pregnant woman produces elevated levels of hormones, including the hormone, which is distinguished by its anti-allergic activity, that is, it helps the body of the expectant mother to resist any manifestations of allergies.

However, in some cases, cortisol turns out to be powerless - either too much of the allergen substance enters the body, or this allergen is still unfamiliar to the body, therefore there is no answer. In addition, it is important to understand that the normalization of cortisol in the postpartum period is inevitable, which will cause the resumption of all allergic manifestations.

Interesting! Clinical doctors note that in the last four weeks before the onset of the birth process, all expectant mothers practically disappear any allergic diseases and their condition improves significantly.

In a word, pregnant women also from time to time have to resort to the help of antihistamines that can fight allergies.

Attention ! Almost all antihistamines are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, that is, they belong to the category of over-the-counter drugs. However, such over-the-counter dispensing should not become a reason for uncontrolled use, since many, including over-the-counter, drugs are categorically prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

For use during the period of bearing a child, only some antihistamines are allowed, and with many reservations and only with the permission of the doctor, if there is no other way out that does not involve the use of drugs in this case.

To date, several generations of antihistamine (antiallergic) drugs are known, and all of them should be used with extreme caution or even not used at all, and this does not depend on the generation of the drug. Most often, the differences between the generations of antihistamines are in the reduction and weakening of side effects, in the increase in the duration of the effective effect on the body of a single dose of the drug, in the decrease in the ability to get used to taking and get drug dependence.

As you know, first-generation antihistamines began to be used as early as 1936, but some of them are still used, and their appointment to pregnant and / or lactating women is also not excluded.

Suprastin (Chloropyramine) - can be prescribed to a pregnant woman with an acute allergic condition, however, the annotation (instruction) to the drug denies this possibility. However, it is believed that in some cases, the benefits that the expectant mother may receive from taking this drug outweigh the possible risks to the fetus. Thus, in the second and third trimester, Suprastin for a pregnant woman can be prescribed if the doctor finds it appropriate.

Tavegil (Clemastin) - is used for pregnant women only for health reasons, but at any opportunity, this drug should be replaced with a safer one. The fact is that in studies on laboratory rats, congenital malformations of the offspring were revealed, including heart defects, as well as the possibility of the appearance of defective limbs. Therefore, at the slightest opportunity to replace this drug for a pregnant woman with another, this must be done.

Pipolfen (Promethazine) - use during pregnancy (at any time) is categorically not recommended.

Diphenhydramine - it is allowed to use from the second trimester, but with special care, since the drug can provoke an increased excitability of the uterus, which can lead to spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) or premature birth.

Second generation antihistamines

Claritin (Loratodin) - this drug may be used during pregnancy if the benefit to the mother outweighs the risks to the fetus.

Astemizol - It is categorically not recommended for use at any stage of pregnancy, since its effect on the fetus is very toxic.

Azelastine - it is considered that this drug for use by pregnant women is safe, since during clinical trials the absence of a teratogenic effect on the growing and developing body of the fetus was proven. However, the use of the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy is not recommended, since it is during this period that all organs and systems of the fetus are laid.

Third generation antihistamines

Cetirizine (Parlazin, Zyrtec) - during pregnancy is not contraindicated, since all studies on rats and other animals have had positive results: teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects have not been recorded. However, this does not mean that there are no concerns when using these drugs.

Telfast (Fexofenadine, Levocetirizine, Desloratadine) - pregnant women can use these drugs only as prescribed by the attending physician

Attention! All and any (without exception) antihistamines, to a greater or lesser extent, can pose a danger to the healthy development of the fetus. Any antihistamine drug during pregnancy can only be taken under medical supervision. Any self-appointment in this case is strictly prohibited! During the first trimester of pregnancy, taking antihistamines is strictly not recommended. During the II and III trimesters, taking antihistamines is possible only as directed by a doctor and only when the expected benefit outweighs the potential harm.

As you know, many foods can cause an allergic reaction. The hypoallergenic diet for pregnant women suggests excluding any foods that can become a source of an allergic reaction during the period of bearing a child.

So, it is known that the source can be such products: eggs (especially chicken), milk (especially fresh) and cheese, honey and bee products, all seafood, including crabs, shrimp, crayfish, oysters, fish and caviar, including black and red, soybeans in any form, strawberries and raspberries, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, any canned food, packaged juices, spicy, salty, fatty and fried foods, smoked meats.

Safe for expectant mothers are any cereals from any cereals, lean meats, poultry (meat dishes are best cooked boiled), fresh vegetables and fruits with a soft color, as well as dishes from them (including potatoes, any cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, yellow and green apples, pears).

In addition to compliance, it is necessary to observe other precautions that will allow you to resist allergic manifestations:

• It is very important that a pregnant woman in every possible way avoid not only active, but also passive smoking, since aggressive substances can cause irreparable harm to a developing fetus.
• The room where the expectant mother is located must be constantly ventilated.
• Wet cleaning is required daily.
• Upholstered furniture and carpets should be vacuumed at least once a week.

Attention! To avoid allergies or significantly reduce its symptoms, taking special vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women, which can only be prescribed by your doctor, will help.

List of antihistamines that are PROHIBITED during pregnancy

Attention! Any antihistamines are categorically contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, when all organs and systems are laid in the fetus.

In the second and third trimester, some antihistamines can be taken, but only in accordance with the indications and only as directed by a doctor. However, there are anti-allergic drugs, the use of which is strictly prohibited at any stage of pregnancy:

Diphenhydramine - is able to influence the contractility of the uterus, therefore it is definitely prohibited throughout the entire gestation period.

Betadrine

Pipolfen - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational age of bearing a baby.

Tavegil - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational age of bearing a baby, since taking this drug can provoke fetal malformations.

Claritin - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational age of bearing a baby. It can be prescribed only for health reasons if an adequate replacement is not possible.

Ketotifen - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any period of gestational bearing of the baby, since there are no accurate data on the effect of this drug on the fetus.

Astemizol - a complete and unconditional contraindication at any gestational age of bearing a baby, since the teratogenic effect of this drug has been proven, that is, there is a possibility of developing intrauterine defects and deformities.

Attention ! Any other antihistamines should be used during pregnancy with extreme caution and only as prescribed by a doctor, in no case exceeding the prescribed dosage.