Table of laboratory blood tests. Normal blood test results

This article was written using specialized medical literature. All material used has been analyzed and presented in understandable language with minimal use medical terms. The purpose of this article was an accessible explanation of the meaning of a general blood test and interpretation of its results.

If you have identified a deviation from the norm in a general blood test and want to learn more about the possible causes, then click on the selected blood value in the table - this will allow you to go to the selected section.

The article outlines detailed information about the norms of cellular elements for each age. Deciphering a blood test in children requires special attention. Normal indicators Children's blood tests depend on age, so accurate information about the child's age is necessary to interpret the results of a blood test. You can find out about age standards from the tables below - separate for each blood test indicator.

We all have had a general blood test at least once in our lives. And every person was faced with a misunderstanding about what was written on the form, what did all these numbers mean? How to understand why this or that indicator is increased or decreased? What could be the risk of an increase or decrease, for example, in lymphocytes? Let's look at everything in order.

General blood test norms

Hemoglobin

Red blood cell count

Total white blood cell count

Hematocrit

MCH, MCHC, MCV, color index (CPU)- norm

Color Index (CPU)- This classic method to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Currently, it is gradually being replaced by the MCH index in blood tests. These indices reflect the same thing, only expressed in different units.

Leukocyte formula

Types of leukocytes, normal

In order to find out the age norm, click on the name of the leukocyte from the table.

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Monocytes

Basophils

Causes of increased blood basophils

• decreased thyroid hormone levels hypothyroidism
• chicken pox
• food and drug allergies
• condition after removal of the spleen
• treatment hormonal drugs(estrogens, drugs that reduce the activity of the thyroid gland)

Lymphocytes

Platelets

Causes of increased platelets

• splenectomy
• inflammatory processes (exacerbation of rheumatism,

First of all, the correct decoding of a blood test of a sick person helps to have an idea of ​​​​the state of health.

A blood test is one of the important and most common examination methods in medical institutions, which helps to establish a diagnosis. Usually, the attending physician is responsible for deciphering the blood test, but many patients want to independently verify the accuracy of such important data.

For any disease, a diagnosis is always prescribed, which begins with a general blood test (CBC). Thanks to this analysis, the attending physician can determine the dynamics and prescribe treatment for the patient.

Table of normal blood test parameters in humans

Allergen analysis

Very often, patients come to a medical facility with complaints of an allergic rash. In this case, the attending physician recommends taking a test to determine immunoglobulin, which can be used to determine the presence of allergens in the blood.

If the human body is healthy, then immunoglobulin is contained in small quantity. Antibodies produced by the human body detect and then destroy foreign cells. But if antigens begin to attach to the antibodies, then a reaction begins to occur in the body - these are various rashes, the appearance of itching, and also histamine and serotonin begin to be produced.

If during the analysis it is revealed elevated immunoglobulin, this indicates that the person has a tendency to develop allergies. To do this, laboratories take a sample for analysis, which determines the norm depending on the patient’s age:

• Infants: 0 – 12 units/ml.
• Children aged from one year to 5 years: 0 – 65 units/ml.
• Children aged 6 to 9 years: 0 – 95 units/ml.
• Adults and children aged 10 to 15 years: 0 – 200 units/ml.

Decoding the biochemical blood test

It is recommended to take blood from a vein for biochemistry testing only in the morning, and before that the patient should not eat food for 8–10 hours. Based on the biochemical analysis, the doctor judges what inflammatory processes are occurring in the patient’s body, whether there is a disorder percentage microelements.

There are certain standards of analysis:

1. Total protein: 62 – 87 g/l.

If the protein is abnormal, rheumatism or oncology is present.

2. Glucose: 3.1 – 5.4 mmol/l.

An increased sugar level means a tendency to develop diabetes.

3. Urea nitrogen: 2.4 – 8.4 mmol/l.

The level of residual nitrogen is increased - there is heart failure, tumor, kidney disease.

4. Creatinine:

For women: 52 – 98 µmol/l.

For men: 60 – 116 µmol/l.

Increasing the indicator - excessive use meat products, dehydration, hyperthyroidism.

Reduced rate for liver diseases.

5. Cholesterol: 3.4 – 6.5 mmol/l.

An increase in the norm is a problem with the liver and the cardiovascular system.

6. Bilirubin: 5.0 – 20.0 µmol/l.

An increase in the indicator indicates the presence of hepatitis.

7. Alpha Amylase:

Children newborns and up to two years old: 5.0 – 60 units/l.

Children over two years of age and adults: 25 – 130 units/l.

Increased norm for pancreatitis.

8. AlAt (ALT):

For women: up to 30 units/l.

For men: up to 42 units/l.

An increase in the indicator in case of liver dysfunction.

9. Alpha Lipase: 27 – 100 units/l.

An increased rate in the presence of diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, peritonitis.

Reduced rate for hepatitis.

10. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT):

For women: up to 48.5 units/l.

For men: up to 33.4 units/l.

Increased norm – liver disease, pancreas disease.

11. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT): up to 38 units/l.

Excess – damage to the heart muscle has occurred, liver cirrhosis is present.

12. Phosphatase:

For women: up to 245 units/l.

For men: up to 275 units/l.

Exceeding the norm means infarction of the lungs, kidneys, and the presence of bone cancer metastases.

Decoding a blood test for HIV

The final diagnosis of the presence of the immunodeficiency virus can only be established when at least three months have passed after contact with an infected patient.

A repeat analysis for the reliability of the diagnosis is carried out six months later. The results of the tests obtained will be reliable only in cases where there has been no further contact with the infected patient.

PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) is used to determine the DNA of the virus. If the presence of infection is detected, the result is indicated as a “positive reaction.” If availability HIV infection not detected, the result is indicated as “negative reaction”.

There are times when “false positives” are present. This happens when the laboratory worker is poorly qualified or when using outdated equipment. To confirm or refute such an analysis, an F 50 test is prescribed, which can find antibodies if HIV infection enters the body.

Analysis - ELISA, with this analysis you can determine the following diseases: HIV, infections, herpes, hepatitis, pneumonia. Immunological analysis determines the quantity and quality of antibodies and antigens in the human body.

ELISA is a very common test that detects the presence of chlamydia, syphilis and gonorrhea. The accuracy of this analysis is 90%. If immunoglobulin antibodies are detected in a timely manner, the attending physician will be able to make a correct diagnosis, determine the presence of the disease and its stage.

ELISA analysis helps to detect the Helicobacter pylori bacillus, such a bacillus can provoke gastrointestinal diseases and create unpleasant discomfort generally.

Also, an enzyme immunoassay is prescribed by the attending physician if the patient has allergic reactions.

Blood test for thyroid hormones

Tests for thyroid hormones are carried out in laboratories and help a medical specialist determine whether a very important endocrine organ in our body is functioning correctly. There are several parameters by which malfunctions of the thyroid gland are determined.

Tests for thyroid hormones:

1. TSH is a thyrotropic hormone. It is produced in the human brain and controls the functioning of the thyroid gland.

Norm: 0.45 – 4.10 mU/l.

2. General TZ – triiodothyronine. This analysis is carried out when the thyroid gland is overactive.

Normal: 1.05 – 3.15 nmol/l.

In older people, the rate decreases.

3. TT4 – total thyroxine.

For women: 71.2 – 142.5 nmol/l.

For men: 60.74 – 137.00 nmol/l.

Deviation is a decrease or increase in metabolism in the body.

4. TG – thyroglobulin.

Indicator: should not exceed 60.00 ng/ml.

5. AT-TPO - antibodies to thyroid peroxidase.

Norm: 5.65% units/ml. and no more.

Serological analysis

A serological blood test is taken at laboratory conditions from a vein. His research shows whether antibodies are present in a specific group of bacteria or viruses. This may apply to infections transmitted only through sexual contact, HIV infection, chlamydia, measles, hepatitis, herpes.

Normal: when there are no antibodies of infectious diseases.

If a patient is suspected of having cancer, he is prescribed a tumor marker test. A neoplasm is always formed on the basis of normal and ordinary cells, but their division occurs at a speed that exceeds the established norms; they “live their own lives” and at the same time begin to secrete a metabolic product.

The main task of deciphering this analysis is to detect the presence of a tumor marker indicating a cancerous tumor.

Types of cancer carriers:

1. CA 15 – 3.

If the excess is 26.9 units/ml. – oncology in the mammary gland.

2. SA – 125.

If the excess is 35.0 units/ml. – additional and urgent examination of the ovaries is performed.

3. CA 19-9.

Exceeding 500 units/ml. – changes in the pancreas.

The norm is less than 4.0 ng/ml. – indicates a healthy prostate gland.

Exceeding 15.0 ng/ml. – a tumor is expected to appear in the liver.

4. C-reactive protein.

Norm: no more than 5 mg/l.

Excess – formation of tumors in various parts of the body, in rheumatoid arthritis.

Exceeding 12.5 ng/ml. – presence of cancer of the lungs and skin.

When the norm is more than 5, 0 ng/ml is required. – additional examination is required. Cancer of the intestines, stomach, lungs and urinary ducts is suspected.

Blood test for pregnancy

If a woman has missed her period and the urine test shows a negative result, she is referred for a pregnancy test. The presence of the hCG hormone in the blood is checked and a vaginal smear is also taken. To exclude an ectopic pregnancy, the gynecologist directs the patient to undergo an additional test for human chorionic gonadotropin.

If an embryo is found in the patient, then the hormone hCG is released, and this hormone absolutely indicates the woman’s pregnancy.

Hormone levels differ depending on the stage of pregnancy.

• No pregnancy – 0-5 IU/ml.
• Pregnancy period is two weeks – 25-300 IU/ml.
• Pregnancy period from three to nine weeks – 1500-100000 IU/ml.

Complete blood count (clinical blood test)- a laboratory test that allows you to evaluate hemoglobin levels in the blood, the number of red blood cells, the number of leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other important indicators.

A complete clinical blood test is the most common test. Prescribed for preventive examinations, as well as for most diseases.

Using a general blood test, you can identify: viral and bacterial diseases, the presence of inflammatory or malignant processes, pathologies, various disorders in hematopoiesis, possible helminthiasis and allergies, and also allows you to evaluate general state human health.

Preparing for a general blood test

The blood test must be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. For 6-8 hours (preferably 12) before taking a general blood test, eating, as well as drinks such as juice, tea, coffee and alcohol, are not allowed. It is necessary to reduce physical activity. Do not use medical supplies, otherwise, warn your doctor about the medications.

Only water, preferably boiled, is allowed.

Blood sampling for analysis is carried out:

• from a finger (in most cases, a ring finger)
• from a vein

General blood test - interpretation

HGB – hemoglobin. Blood pigment of red blood cells. Transports oxygen from the lungs to the organs and tissues of the body, and then back carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Increased hemoglobin is provoked by: excessive physical activity, staying at high altitudes, blood thickening, smoking.

Reduced hemoglobin provokes: .

RBC - red blood cells(red blood cells). Elements of blood that contain hemoglobin. They are involved in the transport of oxygen and support biological oxidation processes in the body.

Acceptable slight increase number of red blood cells. A slight increase in red blood cells may be due to -, blood thickening due to a burn, or taking diuretics.

Increased number of red blood cells: neoplasms, polycystic kidney disease, dropsy renal pelvis, Cushing's disease and syndrome, treatment with steroids.

Reduced quantity red blood cells: anemia, pregnancy, blood loss, decreased intensity of red blood cell formation in the bone marrow, accelerated destruction of red blood cells, overhydration.

Color index. Indicates the hemoglobin content in red blood cells.

Increased color index: deficiency and, gastric polyposis.

Reduced color index: anemia, diseases with impaired hemoglobin synthesis.

RTC - reticulocytes. Young, immature forms of red blood cells that are normally found in the bone marrow.

Increased reticulocyte count: increased red blood cell production with.

Reduced reticulocyte count: aplastic anemia, kidney disease, impaired red blood cell maturation.

PLT - platelets. Elements formed from bone marrow cells involved in the process of blood clotting.

A natural increase in platelet levels is observed after physical activity, and a decrease during and during pregnancy.

Increased platelet levels: inflammatory process in the body, polycythemia, myeloid leukemia, after removal of the spleen and surgical operations.

Reduced level platelets: poor blood clotting, thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic autoimmune diseases, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease, isoimmunization by blood groups and Rh factor.

ESR - ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate). An indicator of the pathological state of the body.

Increased ESR: infectious and inflammatory diseases (inflammation, acute infection, poisoning), anemia, collagenosis, kidney damage, liver damage, endocrine disorders, pregnancy, postpartum period, menstruation, bone fractures, postoperative period.

Decreased ESR: hyperbilirubinemia, increased levels of bile acids, chronic failure blood circulation, erythremia, hypofibrinogenemia.

WBC - white blood cells(white blood cells). Formed in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Designed to recognize and neutralize foreign components, protect cellular immunity from viruses and bacteria, eliminating dying cells of your own body. Types of leukocytes: lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Increased number of leukocytes (leukocytosis): acute inflammatory processes, purulent processes, infectious diseases, tissue injuries, during pregnancy, after childbirth and during feeding, after physical exertion.

Reduced white blood cell count (leukopenia): bone marrow aplasia or hypoplasia, radiation sickness, typhoid fever, viral diseases; , Addison-Birmer disease, collagenosis, bone marrow aplasia and hypoplasia, bone marrow damage by chemicals or drugs, hypersplenism, acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, plasmacytoma, metastases of neoplasms in Bone marrow, pernicious anemia, typhus and paratyphoid.

A reduced amount may also occur after during use or after certain medicines.

LYM – lymphocytes. These are the main cells of the immune system. They fight viral infections, destroy foreign cells and their own, if they have mutated, release antibodies into the blood - immunoglobulins.

Increased lymphocyte count: viral infections, lymphocytic leukemia.

Reduced number of lymphocytes: acute non-viral infections, aplastic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, immunodeficiency conditions, loss of lymph.

Neutrophils – stab And segmented. This is a group of white blood cells. Their main task is to destroy pathogenic bacteria in blood and tissues. When netrophils encounter a bacterium, they absorb it, break it down within themselves and die.

Increased number of neutrophils: sepsis, blood diseases, intoxication, gangrene, extensive burns, appendicitis, ENT infections, malignant tumor, cholera,.

An increase in neutrophils can also be caused by a recent vaccination, past illness, pregnancy, exercise, and even a heavy meal.

Reduced neutrophil count: leukemia, anemia, B12 and folic acid deficiency, side effect after certain medications, after chemotherapy, rubella, typhus, etc.

Reduced eosinophil count: childbirth, purulent infections, surgery, shock.

BAS - basophils. They are a subtype of granulocytic leukocytes. Responsible for the release of histamine.

Increased basophil content: hypersensitivity reactions, chronic sinusitis.

Reduced basophil levels: pregnancy, ovulation, stress, acute infections.

MON - monocytes. Very important cells of the immune system. Responsible for final destruction foreign cells and proteins, foci of inflammation and destroyed tissue. They are the first to encounter the antigen and present it to the lymphocytes for an immune response.

Increased number of monocytes: viral and fungal infections, sarcoidosis, leukemia, systemic diseases connective tissue.

Reduced number of monocytes: aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia.

Information about the norm of general blood test indicators in this article is provided for informational purposes. You cannot decipher the analysis, make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment yourself!!! For correct decoding and making a diagnosis requires more information and consultation with a doctor.

General blood test - normal

Normal blood counts can be found in the following table:

Where can I get a blood test?

- Expected...

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Each of us has had to undergo testing at least once in our lives. Therefore, everyone knows how this process occurs. But there are times when we do not know everything about what can and cannot be done before conducting an analysis. A few words about this.

Important Rules

So, refrain from carrying out x-ray studies and physiological procedures before laboratory tests. The readings will be affected by excessive mental stress and taking medications the day before, especially intravenously or intramuscularly. If these simple rules are not followed, the results may be erroneous and lead to an incorrect diagnosis.

So, get a good night's sleep and come to the laboratory on an empty stomach. Don't forget to calm down before the fence.

Learning to interpret the results

The alphabet of blood is not that complicated. But for many, normal indicators are a mystery. How can you read them correctly on your own? What should you pay attention to first?

Here and now we will deal with forms, with columns where some elements are listed with numbers.

General blood analysis

So, you already have knowledge, but you certainly cannot prescribe treatment for yourself, adjusting your indicators to the norm.

It should be remembered that our body is a wise system. And in collaboration with an experienced doctor It will be easier to set up all its functions. A blood mirror will significantly help with this.