Animal cell structure presentation. Goal: Creating conditions for the formation of the concept of a cell as an elementary unit of the structure and functioning of living things
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Completed by a biology teacher at MBOU "Secondary School" pst. Chinyavoryk S.S. Kuzmina
General information 1 The bodies of all living organisms are made up of cells. Most animal bodies are made up of many cells.
General information 2 There are organisms whose bodies consist of only one cell - these are bacteria, unicellular algae, fungi, and protozoa.
General information 3 The science of CYTOLOGY studies the structure, development and activity of cells.
General information 4 Most animal cells are very small. The shapes of animal cells are very different. Muscle cells Blood cells Skin cells The shape and size of animal cells depend on the function of the cell
cytoplasm mitochondria chromosomes ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus nucleolus Cell membrane lysosome centriole core Digestive vacuole Scheme of the structure of an animal cell
ORGANOIDS STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Lysosomes §6, page 26
Plant cell Animal cell Difference Similarity §6, page 26 Homework
Tissue is a group of cells similar in structure and function and the intercellular substance secreted by these cells.
Epithelial (integumentary) tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Tissues
Epithelial tissue Forms the integument of animals, lining the cavities of the body and internal organs; They consist of one or several layers of tightly adjacent cells and contain almost no intercellular substance;
Connective tissue Consists of a small number of cells scattered in a mass of intercellular substance; It is part of the skeleton, supports the body, creates support, and protects internal organs.
Muscle tissue Consists of elongated cells that receive irritation from the nervous system and respond to it with irritation; Animals move through the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles.
Nervous tissue Forms the nervous system, which consists of nerve cells - neurons; Neurons have a stellate shape, long and short processes. Neurons perceive irritation and transmit excitation to muscles, skin, and other tissues and organs.
Tissue Function Types of tissue Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous ----------
Homework §6-7, on pages 26-29, preparing for a test on the topics “Cell” and “Tissues”
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Structural Features An animal cell does not have a dense cell wall. It lacks vacuoles characteristic of plants and some fungi. The polysaccharide glycogen usually accumulates as a reserve energy substance. Unlike other cells, an animal has a special organelle - a cell center.
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Cell wall The outer layer of the surface of animal cells, unlike the cell walls of plants, is very thin and elastic. It is not visible under a light microscope and consists of a variety of polysaccharides and proteins. The surface layer of animal cells is called the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx primarily performs the function of direct connection between animal cells and the external environment, with all the substances surrounding it. Having a small thickness (less than 1 micron), the outer layer of animal cells does not play a supporting role, which is characteristic of plant cell walls. The formation of the glycocalyx, as well as the cell walls of plants, occurs due to the vital activity of the cells themselves.
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Cellular center Centrioles are a 500 nm hollow cylinder formed by nine triplets of fibrillar protein. Each triplet is connected to the others by a “handle”. One centriole in the diplosome is the mother centriole and carries additional structures: satellites - the foci of microtubule convergence and additional microtubules that form the centrosphere. Centrioles are involved in cell division. The satellites form the filaments of the spindle. After the free ends of the spindle filaments are attached to the primary constriction of the chromosomes, the chromosomes are stretched to the poles of the cell due to the movement of the centrioles.
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The structure of an animal cell
Cell membrane. located under the cell wall.
- limits the contents of the cell;
- protects the cell;
- regulates metabolism with the external environment.
Cytoplasm is the viscous fluid that fills the cell; neighboring cells are connected to each other through the cytoplasm.
- accumulation of cell waste products;
- storage of nutrients.
Core. contains chromosomes; covered with a shell.
- participates in the storage and transmission of hereditary information to offspring;
- regulates all processes in the cell.
A nucleolus is a collection of nuclear matter in the nucleus.
Functions: participates in the formation of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are round in shape and small in size; located freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Functions: formation (synthesis) of proteins.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubules that form a network; has its own shell.
- formation of organic substances (proteins, fats and carbohydrates);
- transport of substances in the cell.
The Golgi apparatus consists of tubules, cavities and vesicles; covered with its own shell.
- formation of complex organic substances;
- formation of lysosomes.
Lysosomes are small vesicles; contains enzymes; have their own shell.
Functions: breakdown of organic substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates).
Mitochondria are oval in shape; covered with a double shell; the inner shell forms folds.
Functions: formation and accumulation of energy (“energy stations” of the cell).
The cell center consists of two parts that have a cylindrical shape
Functions: participation in cell division
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"Cell nucleus" - 80 S ribosomes. The functions of the nucleus in a prokaryotic cell are performed by the Golgi apparatus. From. DNA Organoids. Simple and complex. Conjugation. Membrane organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum is folded. Hypothesis. Problematic question. Comparative characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is smooth.
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"Cell and Nucleus" - Oligosaccharide side chain. Transport proteins. Karyolemma. Nucleoli. Cell structure. Cholesterol. Inclusions. Membrane proteins. Non-permanent components. Plastids Mitochondria Lysosomes, etc. The model of G. Nicholson and S. Singer resembles a mosaic. Karyoplasm. Kernel components. Channel-forming proteins. Round bodies formed by rRNA molecules and proteins, the site of ribosome assembly.
There are 16 presentations in total
Features of the structure of an animal cell On the surface of many animal cells, for example various epithelia, there are very small thin outgrowths of the cytoplasm covered with a plasma membrane - microvilli. The largest number of microvilli is located on the surface of intestinal cells. animal cell
Features of the structure of an animal cell The cell membrane has a complex structure. It consists of an outer layer and a plasma membrane. Animal and plant cells differ in the structure of their outer layer. The outer layer of the surface of animal cells is very thin and elastic. Consists of a variety of polysaccharides and proteins. The surface layer of animal cells is called the glycocalyx. The structure of the animal cell membrane
Structural features of an animal cell Each cell is separated from the environment by a plasma membrane, 7-10 nanometers thick. But unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have a protective layer - a cellulose cell wall, which is secreted by the outer surface of the plant cell membrane. Structure of the animal cell membrane 1. Plasma membrane
Features of the structure of an animal cell 1. Cellular center In animal cells, near the nucleus there is an organelle, which is called the cell center. The main part of the cell center consists of two small bodies - centrioles, located in a small area of densified cytoplasm. Centrioles Cell center
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